The Practice
Practicus
The Symbols of the Spiritual Life and the Structure of the Work§1
1The Practicus of the monk Evagrius. You previously revealed to me, while dwelling in the Skete on the holy mountain, having desired, brother Anatolius, that the symbolic form of the monks in Egypt be made clear to you, you requested; for I have not gone over it without reason, considering it to have such a variation from the other forms of men. Come, let us declare whatever we have learned from the holy Fathers concerning this.
The hood is a symbol of the grace of our Savior God, covering their ruling faculty and sheltering the innocence in Christ against those constantly attempting to strike and lash. Therefore, those who carry this upon their head sing these things by power: 'Unless the Lord builds a house, they labor in vain who build; unless the Lord guards a city, they watch in vain who keep watch' (Ps 127:1). And such voices indeed produce humility, but they uproot pride, that ancient evil, which cast down the Morning Star rising in the morning into the earth.
And the bareness of the hands shows the sincerity of the lifestyle; for vanity is terrible, covering and overshadowing virtues, always hunting the honors from men and driving away faith. How can you, he says, believe, receiving honor from one another and not seeking the honor from the only God? For it is necessary that the good be chosen not through another but rather through itself; for if this were not given, that which moves us toward the work of the good would appear much more precious than the thing becoming, which would be among the most inexplicable things to conceive and to say of God.
And the mantle, entwined crosswise about their shoulders, is a symbol of the faith taking hold of the gentle ones, always casting aside what hinders and providing the work unhindered to them. And the belt, tightening around their loins, repels all impurity and this part...
It is announced: it is good for a man not to touch a woman. Those who always carry the death of Jesus in their body and silence all the irrational passions of the body, while cutting off the participation in the evils of the soul, possess the staff; they love poverty and flee greed as the mother of idolatry. The staff is the wood of life to all who hold fast to it, and to those who lean upon it as if upon a secure Lord. The shape of these things is a symbol as a summary of the realities; these words are what the Fathers always say to them: the fear of God makes faith firm, and again self-control makes this firm, and patience and hope make it unshakeable, from which apathy is born, of which love is the offspring, and love is the door to natural knowledge which theology receives and the ultimate blessedness.
Let enough be said to us regarding the form of the holy and the teaching of the elders in the present matter. But concerning the life of both the practical and the contemplative, we now discourse, not as much as we have seen or heard, but as much as we have learned to say to others from them, passing through the practicals abbreviated in one hundred chapters and the contemplatives in fifty toward the six hundred; having highlighted some and shadowed others, so that we might not give holy things to dogs nor cast our pearls before swine (Matt 7:6). These things will be manifest to those who have stepped into the same track.
1 THE SAME PRACTICAL LOGOS CHAPTER 4. 1 Christianity is a doctrine of our Savior Christ composed of the practical, the natural, and the theological. 2 The kingdom of heaven is the apathy of the soul with the knowledge of true beings. 3 The kingdom of God is the knowledge of the Holy Trinity co-extended with the constitution of the mind, surpassing its incorruptibility. 4 Whatever one desires, of that he also hungers, and whatever he hungers for, of that he...
Greek · §1
Practicus ΕΥΑΓΡΙΟΥ ΜΟΝΑΧΟΥ Ἐπειδή μοι πρώην δεδήλωκας ἀπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου ὄρους ἐν τῇ Σκίτει καθεζομένῳ, ποθεινότατε ἀδελφὲ Ἀνατόλιε, καὶ τὸ συμβολικὸν σχῆμα τῶν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ μοναχῶν σαφηνισθῆναί σοι παρεκάλεσας· οὐ γὰρ εἰκῇ οὐδὲ παρέλκον αὐτὸ νενόμικας τοσαύτην παραλλαγὴν ἔχον παρὰ τὰ λοιπὰ σχήματα τῶν ἀνθρώπων· φέρε, ὅσα παρὰ τῶν ἁγίων Πατέρων περὶ τούτου μεμαθήκαμεν, ἐξαγγείλωμεν. Τὸ μὲν κουκούλλιον σύμβολόν ἐστι τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Θεοῦ σκεπαζούσης αὐτῶν τὸ ἡγεμονικὸν καὶ περιθαλπούσης τὴν ἐν Χριστῷ νηπιότητα διὰ τοὺς ῥαπίζειν ἀεὶ καὶ τιτρώσκειν ἐπιχειροῦντας. Ὅσοι τοίνυν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς φέρουσι τοῦτο δυνάμει ψάλλουσι ταῦτα· ἐὰν μὴ Κύριος οἰκοδομήσῃ οἶκον καὶ φυλάξῃ πόλιν, εἰς μάτην ἐκοπίασεν ὁ οἰκοδομῶν καὶ ὁ φυλάσσειν πειρώμενος. Αἱ δὲ τοιαῦται φωναὶ ταπεινοφροσύνην μὲν ἐμποιοῦσιν, ἐκριζοῦσι δὲ ὑπερηφανίαν τὸ ἀρχαῖον κακόν, τὸ κατασεῖσαν εἰς τὴν γῆν τὸν Ἑωσφόρον τὸν πρωῒ ἀνατέλλοντα. Τὸ δὲ γεγυμνῶσθαι τὰς χεῖρας τὸ ἀνυπόκριτον τῆς πολιτείας ἐμφαίνει· δεινὴ γὰρ ἡ κενοδοξία συγκαλύψαι καὶ συσκιάσαι τὰς ἀρετάς, ἀεὶ δόξας τὰς παρὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων θηρεύουσα καὶ τὴν πίστιν ἀποδιώκουσα. Πῶς γὰρ δύνασθε, φησί, πιστεῦσαι, δόξαν παρὰ ἀλλήλων λαμβάνοντες, καὶ τὴν δόξαν τὴν παρὰ τοῦ μόνου Θεοῦ οὐ ζητοῦντες; ∆εῖ γὰρ τὸ ἀγαθὸν μὴ δι' ἕτερον ἀλλὰ δι' αὐτὸ μᾶλλον εἶναι αἱρετόν· εἰ γὰρ μὴ τοῦτο δοθείη, φανήσεται τὸ κινοῦν ἡμᾶς πρὸς τὴν ἐργασίαν τοῦ καλοῦ πολλῷ τιμιώτερον ὑπάρχον τοῦ γινομένου, ὅπερ τῶν ἀτοπωτάτων ἂν εἴη Θεοῦ τι κρεῖττον ἐννοεῖν τε καὶ λέγειν. Ὁ δὲ ἀνάλαβος πάλιν ὁ σταυροειδῶς τοῖς ὤμοις αὐτῶν περιπλεκόμενος σύμβολον τῆς εἰς Χριστόν ἐστι πίστεως ἀναλαμβανούσης τοὺς πραεῖς καὶ περιστελλούσης ἀεὶ τὰ κωλύοντα καὶ τὴν ἐργασίαν ἀνεμπόδιστον αὐτοῖς παρεχούσης. Ἡ δὲ ζώνη περισφίγγουσα τοὺς νεφροὺς αὐτῶν ἀπωθεῖται πᾶσαν ἀκαθαρσίαν καὶ τοῦτο παραγγέλλει· καλὸν ἀνθρώπῳ γυναικὸς μὴ ἅπτεσθαι. Τὴν δὲ μηλωτὴν ἔχουσιν οἱ πάντοτε τὴν νέκρωσιν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματι περιφέροντες καὶ φιμοῦντες μὲν πάντα τὰ τοῦ σώματος ἄλογα πάθη, τὰς δὲ τῆς ψυχῆς κακίας μετουσίᾳ τοῦ καλοῦ περικόπτοντες· καὶ πενίαν μὲν ἀγαπῶντες, πλεονεξίαν δὲ φεύγοντες ὡς εἰδωλολατρίας μητέρα. Ἡ δὲ ῥάβδος ξύλον ζωῆς ἐστι πᾶσι τοῖς ἀντεχομένοις αὐτῆς, καὶ τοῖς ἐπερειδομένοις ἐπ' αὐτὴν ὡς ἐπὶ Κύριον ἀσφαλής. Καὶ τούτων μὲν σύμβολον ὡς ἐν ἐπιτομῇ τῶν πραγμάτων τὸ σχῆμα· τὰ δὲ ῥήματα ταῦτά ἐστιν ἃ πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἀεὶ λέγουσιν οἱ Πατέρες· τὴν πίστιν, ὦ τέκνα, βεβαιοῖ ὁ φόβος ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τοῦτον πάλιν ἐγκράτεια, ταύτην δὲ ἀκλινῆ ποιοῦσιν ὑπομονὴ καὶ ἐλπίς, ἀφ' ὧν τίκτεται ἀπάθεια, ἧς ἔγγονον ἡ ἀγάπη, ἀγάπη δὲ θύρα γνώσεως φυσικῆς ἣν διαδέχεται θεολογία καὶ ἡ ἐσχάτη μακαριότης. Καὶ περὶ μὲν τοῦ σχήματος τοῦ ἱεροῦ καὶ τῆς διδασκαλίας τῶν γερόντων τοσαῦτα ἡμῖν ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος εἰρήσθω. Περὶ δὲ τοῦ βίου τοῦ τε πρακτικοῦ καὶ τοῦ γνωστικοῦ νυνὶ διηγούμεθα, οὐχ ὅσα ἑωράκαμεν ἢ ἠκούσαμεν, ἀλλ' ὅσα τοῦ καὶ ἄλλοις εἰπεῖν παρ' αὐτῶν μεμαθήκαμεν, ἑκατὸν μὲν κεφαλαίοις τὰ πρακτικά, πεντήκοντα δὲ πρὸς τοῖς ἑξακοσίοις τὰ γνωστικὰ συντετμημένως διελόντες· καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐπικρύψαντες, τὰ δὲ συσκιάσαντες, ἵνα μὴ δῶμεν τὰ ἅγια τοῖς κυσὶ μηδὲ βάλωμεν τοὺς μαργαρίτας ἔμπροσθεν τῶν χοίρων. Ἔσται δὲ ταῦτα ἐμφανῆ τοῖς εἰς τὸ αὐτὸ ἴχνος αὐτοῖς ἐμβεβηκόσιν. 1 ΤΟΥ ΑΥΤΟΥ ΛΟΓΟΣ ΠΡΑΚΤΙΚΟΣ ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΑ Ρʹ 1 Χριστιανισμός ἐστι δόγμα τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Χριστοῦ ἐκ πρακτικῆς καὶ φυσικῆς καὶ θεολογικῆς συνεστός. 2 Βασιλεία οὐρανῶν ἐστιν ἀπάθεια ψυχῆς μετὰ γνώσεως τῶν ὄντων ἀληθοῦς. 3 Βασιλεία Θεοῦ ἐστι γνῶσις τῆς ἁγίας Τριάδος συμπαρεκτεινομένη τῇ συστάσει τοῦ νοός, καὶ ὑπερβάλλουσα τὴν ἀφθαρσίαν αὐτοῦ. 4 Οὗτινός τις ἐρᾷ, τούτου καὶ ἐφίεται πάντως, καὶ οὗ ἐφίεται, τούτου καὶ
Causes of Sorrow and Anger§2
2One struggles to encounter them. Indeed, desire for every pleasure begins with desire, but sensation gives birth to desire, for sensation is without part and free from passion. For the recluses, the demons fight naked, but for those working out virtue in communities or companionships, they arm the less attentive of the brothers; and the second war is much more dull than the first, because it is not possible to find on the earth men more bitter than demons or all of them constantly receiving their malice.
Concerning the eight logismoi: Eight are all the most general logismoi in which every logismos is contained. First is that of gluttony, and after it that of fornication; third is that of avarice; fourth is that of sorrow; fifth is that of anger; sixth is that of acedia; seventh is that of vainglory; eighth is that of pride. Whether to disturb all these in the soul or not to disturb them is not up to us; but to delay them or not to delay them, or to move passions or not to move them, is up to us.
The logismos of gluttony subjects the monk of asceticism to a rapid fall: stomach and liver and spleen and fluids being disordered, and a long disease, and scarcity of the necessary things, and the helplessness of physicians. And it often brings to mind for him certain brothers having fallen into these passions. And there is a time when even comparing those who have suffered them discourages those exercising self-control, and causes them to recount their own misfortunes, and how from asceticism such people have become.
The demon of fornication compels bodies to desire diversely; and he stands against those exercising self-control more fiercely, so that they might cease without any relief; and he bends the thoughts down, defiling the soul concerning those, making her say certain words and again hear, as if she had seen once and the matter were present. Avarice subjects long old age and weakness of hands toward work, and famines and diseases occurring together, and the bitterness of poverty, and how it is painful to receive from others.
Regarding things related to need. 10 Sorrow sometimes happens by deprivation of desires, and sometimes it follows anger. By deprivation of desires it happens thus: certain thoughts, having gone before, lead the soul into the memory of house and parents and former lifestyle. And when, not having resisted it but following it, they saw it being poured out in pleasures according to the intellect, then taking it in sorrow, they baptize it as if the former things did not exist and were not able to exist anymore through the present life; and the wretched soul, as much as it was poured out upon the former thoughts, so much it was contracted, having been humbled, upon the second ones.
11 Anger is a sharper passion; for it is called a heat and a movement of the spirit against the one who has done wrong or is thought to have done wrong; which all day long indeed makes the soul savage, but especially in the prayers snatches away the mind, reflecting the face of the one who has been grieved. And it, while lingering and changing into wrath, provides disturbances by night, exhaustion of the body and paleness, and attacks of wild beasts' venomous strikes. These four things, happening after the wrath, anyone would find accompanied by more thoughts.
12 The demon of acedia, who is also called the noonday demon, is the heaviest of all demons; and he stands over the monk around the fourth hour, and circles his soul until the eighth hour. And first he makes seeing the sun difficult or motionless, showing the day as fifty hours. Then he is compelled to constantly look toward the doors and to leap out of the cell, staring at the sun how much of the ninth hour has remained, and looking here and there lest any of the brothers be near. Furthermore, he instills hatred toward the place and toward life itself, and toward the work of the hands; and that love was leaving from among the brothers and there is no one encouraging; and if even someone during those days should have grieved the monk, the demon adds this to the increase of the hatred. And he leads him also and
Greek · §2
τυχεῖν ἀγωνίζεται· καὶ πάσης μὲν ἡδονῆς ἐπιθυμία κατάρχει, ἐπιθυμίαν δὲ τίκτει αἴσθησις· τὸ γὰρ αἰσθήσεως ἄμοιρον καὶ πάθους ἐλεύθερον. 5 Τοῖς μὲν ἀναχωρηταῖς οἱ δαίμονες γυμνοὶ προσπαλαίουσι, τοῖς δὲ ἐν κοινοβίοις ἢ συνοδίαις κατεργαζομένοις τὴν ἀρετὴν τοὺς ἀμελεστέρους τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἐφοπλίζουσι· πολλῷ δὲ κουφότερος ὁ δεύτερος πόλεμος τοῦ πρώτου διότι οὐκ ἔστιν εὑρεῖν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἀνθρώπους πικροτέρους δαιμόνων ἢ πᾶσαν ἀθρόως αὐτῶν ὑποδεχομένους τὴν κακουργίαν. t6-14 Περὶ τῶν ὀκτὼ λογισμῶν 6 Ὀκτώ εἰσι πάντες οἱ γενικώτατοι λογισμοὶ ἐν οἷς περιέχεται πᾶς λογισμός. Πρῶτος ὁ τῆς γαστριμαργίας, καὶ μετ' αὐτὸν ὁ τῆς πορνείας· τρίτος ὁ τῆς φιλαργυρίας· τέταρτος ὁ τῆς λύπης· πέμπτος ὁ τῆς ὀργῆς· ἕκτος ὁ τῆς ἀκηδίας· ἕβδομος ὁ τῆς κενοδοξίας· ὄγδοος ὁ τῆς ὑπερηφανίας. Τούτους πάντας παρενοχλεῖν μὲν τῇ ψυχῇ ἢ μὴ παρενοχλεῖν, τῶν οὐκ ἐφ' ἡμῖν ἐστι· τὸ δὲ χρονίζειν αὐτοὺς ἢ μὴ χρονίζειν, ἢ πάθη κινεῖν ἢ μὴ κινεῖν, τῶν ἐφ' ἡμῖν. 7 Ὁ μὲν τῆς γαστριμαργίας λογισμὸς ἔκπτωσιν ταχεῖαν τῷ μοναχῷ τῆς ἀσκήσεως ὑποβάλλει· στόμαχον καὶ ἧπαρ καὶ σπλῆνα καὶ ὕδρωπα διαγράφων, καὶ νόσον μακράν, καὶ σπάνιν τῶν ἐπιτηδείων, καὶ ἰατρῶν ἀπορίαν. Φέρει δὲ αὐτὸν πολλάκις καὶ εἰς μνήμην ἀδελφῶν τινων τούτοις περιπεσόντων τοῖς πάθεσιν. Ἔστι δὲ ὅτε καὶ αὐτοὺς ἐκείνους τοὺς πεπονθότας παραβάλλειν ἀναπείθει τοῖς ἐγκρατευομένοις, καὶ τὰς ἑαυτῶν ἐκδιηγεῖσθαι συμφοράς, καὶ ὡς ἐκ τῆς ἀσκήσεως τοιοῦτοι γεγόνασιν. 8 Ὁ τῆς πορνείας δαίμων σωμάτων καταναγκάζει διαφόρων ἐπιθυμεῖν· καὶ σφοδρότερος τοῖς ἐγκρατευομένοις ἐφίσταται, ἵν' ὡς μηδὲν ἀνύοντες παύσωνται· καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν μιαίνων περὶ ἐκείνας κατακάμπτει τὰς ἐργασίας· λέγειν τε αὐτήν τινα ῥήματα καὶ πάλιν ἀκούειν ποιεῖ, ὡς ὁρωμένου δῆθεν καὶ παρόντος τοῦ πράγματος. 9 Ἡ φιλαργυρία γῆρας μακρὸν ὑποβάλλει καὶ πρὸς ἐργασίαν ἀδυναμίαν χειρῶν, λιμούς τε ἐσομένους καὶ νόσους συμβησομένας, καὶ τὰ τῆς πενίας πικρά, καὶ ὡς ἐπονείδιστον τὸ παρ' ἑτέρων λαμβάνειν τὰ πρὸς τὴν χρείαν. 10 Ἡ λύπη ποτὲ μὲν ἐπισυμβαίνει κατὰ στέρησιν τῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν, ποτὲ δὲ καὶ παρέπεται τῇ ὀργῇ. Κατὰ στέρησιν δὲ τῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν οὕτως ἐπισυμβαίνει· λογισμοί τινες προλαβόντες εἰς μνήμην ἄγουσι τὴν ψυχὴν οἴκου τε καὶ γονέων καὶ τῆς προτέρας διαγωγῆς. Καὶ ὅταν αὐτὴν μὴ ἀνθισταμένην ἀλλ' ἐπακολουθοῦσαν θεάσωνται καὶ διαχεομένην ἐν ταῖς κατὰ διάνοιαν ἡδοναῖς, τότε λαμβάνοντες αὐτὴν ἐν τῇ λύπῃ βαπτίζουσιν ὡς οὐχ ὑπαρχόντων τῶν προτέρων πραγμάτων οὐδὲ δυναμένων λοιπὸν διὰ τὸν παρόντα βίον ὑπάρξαι· καὶ ἡ ταλαίπωρος ψυχή, ὅσον διεχύθη ἐπὶ τοῖς προτέροις λογισμοῖς, τοσοῦτον ἐπὶ τοῖς δευτέροις συνεστάλη ταπεινωθεῖσα. 2 11 Ἡ ὀργὴ πάθος ἐστὶν ὀξύτατον· θυμοῦ γὰρ λέγεται ζέσις καὶ κίνησις κατὰ τοῦ ἠδικηκότος ἢ δοκοῦντος ἠδικηκέναι· ἥτις πανημέριον μὲν ἐξαγριοῖ τὴν ψυχὴν, μάλιστα δὲ ἐν ταῖς προσευχαῖς συναρπάζει τὸν νοῦν, τὸ τοῦ λελυπηκότος πρόσωπον ἐσοπτρίζουσα. Ἔστι δὲ ὅτε χρονίζουσα καὶ μεταβαλλομένη εἰς μῆνιν, ταραχὰς νύκτωρ παρέχει, τῆξίν τε τοῦ σώματος καὶ ὠχρότητα, καὶ θηρίων ἰοβόλων ἐπιδρομάς. Ταῦτα δὲ τὰ τέσσαρα μετὰ τὴν μῆνιν συμβαίνοντα, εὕροι ἄν τις παρακολουθοῦντα πλείοσι λογισμοῖς. 12 Ὁ τῆς ἀκηδίας δαίμων, ὃς καὶ μεσημβρινὸς καλεῖται, 12 πάντων τῶν δαιμόνων ἐστὶ βαρύτατος· καὶ ἐφίσταται μὲν τῷ μοναχῷ περὶ ὥραν τετάρτην, κυκλοῖ δὲ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ μέχρις ὥρας ὀγδόης. Καὶ πρῶτον μὲν τὸν ἥλιον καθορᾶσθαι ποιεῖ δυσκίνητον ἢ ἀκίνητον, πεντηκοντάωρον τὴν ἡμέραν δεικνύς. Ἔπειτα δὲ συνεχῶς ἀφορᾶν πρὸς τὰς θυρίδας καὶ τῆς κέλλης ἐκπηδᾶν ἐκβιάζεται, τῷ τε ἡλίῳ ἐνατενίζειν πόσον τῆς ἐνάτης ἀφέστηκε, καὶ περιβλέπεσθαι τῇδε κἀκεῖσε μή τις τῶν ἀδελφῶν. Ἔτι δὲ μῖσος πρὸς τὸν τόπον ἐμβάλλει καὶ πρὸς τὸν βίον αὐτόν, καὶ πρὸς τὸ ἔργον τὸ τῶν χειρῶν· καὶ ὅτι ἐκλέλοιπε παρὰ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ἡ ἀγάπη καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ παρακαλῶν· εἰ δὲ καί τις κατ' ἐκείνας τὰς ἡμέρας εἴη λυπήσας τὸν μοναχόν, καὶ τοῦτο εἰς αὔξησιν τοῦ μίσους ὁ δαίμων προστίθησιν. Ἄγει δὲ αὐτὸν καὶ
On Temperance and the Passions§3
3A desire for other places, in which the things toward necessity are easily found and a more convenient and advancing craft is attained; and he adds that it is not possible to please the Lord in such a place, for everywhere, he says, the divine is to be worshipped. He connects this with the memory of one's own people and of the former way of life; and he traces out a long duration of life, bringing the labors of the asceticism before the eyes; and all this moves the mechanism so that the monk, having abandoned the cell, flees to the stadium. By this demon, indeed, another demon does not immediately follow; rather, a certain peaceful state and unspeakable joy receives the soul after the struggle.
13 The thought of vainglory is extremely subtle and stands near those who desire to easily publish their struggles and to watch the honors from men, crying out to demons, being flattered and being treated by women and a certain crowd touching his garments; and it predicts to him priesthood as a remainder, and those seeking him stand at the doors; and unless he wishes it, he will be taken captive. And thus, having made him suspended with empty hopes, he falls away, leaving him either to be tested by the demon of pride or by the demon of sorrow, which brings contrary thoughts to him regarding those hopes; and there is also a time when he delivers the one who was a prisoner and a holy priest a moment ago to the demon of fornication.
14 The demon of pride becomes a cause of a most severe fall to the soul; for it persuades it not to confess God as a helper, but to think itself the cause of those who succeed, and to blow itself up against the brothers as if they were senseless, because they do not all know this about her. And anger and sorrow follow this, and the final evil: an ecstasy of wits and madness and seeing a multitude of demons in the air.
15 Regarding the eight thoughts: He causes the mind, wandering in error, to stand in reading and wakefulness and prayer; but he withers the inflamed desire by pain and toil and withdrawal.
A word of advice that settles a swirling passion through psalmody, patience, and mercy, and these things become effective through proper times and measures; for the immeasurable and the untimely are short-lived, and the short-lived are rather harmful and not useful.
Our soul hungers for various foods; let it be satisfied with bread and water so that it may become pleasant, and even upon that dry morsel. For a boy desires various delicacies, but famine thinks the boy's bread to be a blessing.
The lack of water contributes greatly to temperance; and let you be persuaded by those of the Israelites who, after Gideon, three hundred men, having struck down the Midianites (Judges 7:7).
Just as it is possible for life and death to happen at once to the same person, as is the case for those who are not able to resist, so it is possible for love to coexist with money in one of the weak; for love is not only contrary to money, but also to our fleeting life.
He who flees all worldly pleasures is a tower inaccessible to the demon of sorrow; for sorrow is the deprivation of pleasure, whether present or expected. But it is impossible to drive away this enemy while we have something of the earthly things; for there he sets his snare and works sorrow where he sees us most weakened.
Anger and hatred increase passion; but almsgiving and gentleness diminish what is present.
Let the sun not set in our indignation, so that the demons, standing by at night, might not despoil the soul and make it more cowardly toward the coming battle; for fearful phantoms are prone to arise from the agitation of passion; and nothing else works such cowardice in the mind as a troubled passion.
Having grasped a semblance of appearance, our passionate part of the soul is disturbed, and the demons present the withdrawal as something good to us, so that we may not free ourselves from agitation by resolving the causes of sorrow. But when the desiring part becomes heated, then they again work us to be hard and wild, calling us philanthropes, so that of bodies...
Greek · §3
εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν τόπων ἑτέρων ἐν οἷς ῥᾳδίως τὰ πρὸς τὴν χρείαν ἔστιν εὑρεῖν καὶ τέχνην μετελθεῖν εὐκοπωτέραν μᾶλλον καὶ προχωροῦσαν· καὶ ὡς οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν τόπῳ τὸ εὐαρεστεῖν τῷ Κυρίῳ προστίθησιν· πανταχοῦ γάρ, φησί, τὸ θεῖον προσκυνητόν. Συνάπτει δὲ τούτοις καὶ μνήμην τῶν οἰκείων καὶ τῆς προτέρας διαγωγῆς· καὶ χρόνον τῆς ζωῆς ὑπογράφει μακρόν, τοὺς τῆς ἀσκήσεως πόνους φέρων πρὸ ὀφθαλμῶν· καὶ πᾶσαν τὸ δὴ λεγόμενον κινεῖ μηχανὴν ἵνα καταλελοιπὼς ὁ μοναχὸς τὴν κέλλαν φύγῃ τὸ στάδιον. Τούτῳ τῷ δαίμονι ἄλλος μὲν εὐθὺς δαίμων οὐχ ἕπεται· εἰρηνικὴ δέ τις κατάστασις καὶ χαρὰ ἀνεκλάλητος μετὰ τὸν ἀγῶνα τὴν ψυχὴν διαδέχεται. 13 Ὁ τῆς κενοδοξίας λογισμὸς λεπτότατός τίς ἐστι καὶ παρυφίσταται τοῖς κατορθοῦσι ῥᾳδίως δημοσιεύειν αὐτῶν τοὺς ἀγῶνας βουλόμενος καὶ τὰς παρὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων δόξας θηρώμενος, δαίμονάς τε κράζοντας ἀναπλάττων καὶ θεραπευόμενα γύναια καὶ ὄχλον τινὰ τῶν ἱματίων ἐφαπτόμενον· μαντεύεται δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ ἱερωσύνην λοιπὸν καὶ τοὺς ζητοῦντας αὐτὸν ταῖς θύραις ἐφίστησι· καὶ ὡς εἰ μὴ βούλοιτο δέσμιος ἀπαχθήσεται. Καὶ οὕτως αὐτὸν μετέωρον ταῖς κεναῖς ἐλπίσι ποιήσας ἀφίπταται καταλιπὼν ἢ τῷ τῆς ὑπερηφανίας δαίμονι πειράζειν αὐτὸν ἢ τῷ τῆς λύπης, ὅστις ἐπάγει καὶ λογισμοὺς αὐτῷ ταῖς ἐλπίσιν ἐναντιουμένους· ἔστι δὲ ὅτε καὶ τῷ τῆς πορνείας δαίμονι παραδίδωσι τὸν πρὸ ὀλίγου δέσμιον καὶ ἅγιον ἱερέα. 14 Ὁ τῆς ὑπερηφανίας δαίμων χαλεπωτάτης πτώσεως τῇ ψυχῇ πρόξενος γίνεται· ἀναπείθει γὰρ αὐτὴν Θεὸν μὲν μὴ ὁμολογεῖν βοηθόν, ἑαυτὴν δὲ τῶν κατορθουμένων αἰτίαν εἶναι νομίζειν καὶ φυσιοῦσθαι κατὰ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὡς ἀνοήτων, διότι μὴ τοῦτο περὶ αὐτῆς πάντες ἐπίστανται. Παρακολουθεῖ δὲ ταύτῃ ὀργὴ καὶ λύπη, καὶ τὸ τελευταῖον κακόν, ἔκστασις φρενῶν καὶ μανία καὶ δαιμόνων ἐν τῷ ἀέρι πλῆθος ὁρώμενον. t15-33 Πρὸς τοὺς ὀκτὼ λογισμούσ 15 Νοῦν μὲν πλανώμενον ἵστησιν ἀνάγνωσις καὶ ἀγρυπνία καὶ προσευχή· ἐπιθυμίαν δὲ ἐκφλογουμένην μαραίνει πεῖνα καὶ κόπος καὶ ἀναχώρησις· θυμὸν δὲ καταπαύει κυκώμενον ψαλμῳδία καὶ μακροθυμία καὶ ἔλεος· καὶ ταῦτα τοῖς 3 προσήκουσι χρόνοις τε καὶ μέτροις γινόμενα· τὰ γὰρ ἄμετρα καὶ ἄκαιρα ὀλιγοχρόνια· τὰ δὲ ὀλιγοχρόνια βλαβερὰ μᾶλλον καὶ οὐκ ὠφέλιμα. 16 Ὁπηνίκα διαφόρων βρωμάτων ἐφίεται ἡμῶν ἡ ψυχή, τὸ τηνικαῦτα ἐν ἄρτῳ στενούσθω καὶ ὕδατι ἵν' εὐχάριστος γένηται καὶ ἐπ' αὐτῷ ψιλῷ τῷ ψωμῷ· κόρος γὰρ ποικίλων ἐδεσμάτων ἐπιθυμεῖ, λιμὸς δὲ τὸν κόρον τοῦ ἄρτου μακαριότητα εἶναι νομίζει. 17 Πάνυ πρὸς σωφροσύνην συμβάλλεται ἡ τοῦ ὕδατος ἔνδεια· καὶ πειθέτωσάν σε τῶν Ἰσραηλιτῶν οἱ μετὰ Γεδεὼν τριακόσιοι τὴν Μαδιὰμ χειρωσάμενοι. 18 Ὡς ζωὴν καὶ θάνατον ἅμα συμβῆναι τῷ αὐτῷ τῶν οὐκ ἐνδεχομένων ἐστίν, οὕτως ἀγάπην χρήμασι συνυπάρξαι τινὶ τῶν ἀδυνάτων ἐστίν· ἀναιρετικὴ γὰρ οὐ μόνον χρημάτων ἡ ἀγάπη, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτῆς ἡμῶν τῆς προσκαίρου ζωῆς. 19 Ὁ φεύγων πάσας τὰς κοσμικὰς ἡδονὰς πύργος ἐστὶ τῷ τῆς λύπης ἀπρόσιτος δαίμονι· λύπη γάρ ἐστι στέρησις ἡδονῆς ἢ παρούσης ἢ προσδοκωμένης· ἀδύνατον δὲ τὸν ἐχθρὸν τοῦτον ἀπώσασθαι πρός τι τῶν ἐπιγείων ἔχοντας ἡμᾶς προσπάθειαν· ἐκεῖ γὰρ ἵστησι τὴν παγίδα καὶ τὴν λύπην ἐργάζεται ὅπου βλέπει μάλιστα νενευκότας ἡμᾶς. 20 Ὀργὴ μὲν καὶ μῖσος αὔξει θυμόν· ἐλεημοσύνη δὲ καὶ πραΰτης καὶ τὸν ὄντα μειοῖ. 21 Ὁ ἥλιος μὴ ἐπιδυέτω ἐπὶ τῷ παροργισμῷ ἡμῶν, ἵνα μὴ νύκτωρ ἐπιστάντες οἱ δαίμονες ἐκδειματώσωσι τὴν ψυχὴν καὶ δειλότερον ποιήσωσι τῇ ἐπιούσῃ τὸν νοῦν πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον· τὰ γὰρ φοβερὰ φάσματα ἐκ τῆς ταραχῆς τοῦ θυμοῦ πέφυκε γίνεσθαι· οὐδὲν δὲ λειποτάκτην οὕτως ἄλλο τὸν νοῦν ἀπεργάζεται ὡς θυμὸς ταρασσόμενος. 22 Ὁπηνίκα προφάσεως ἐφαψάμενον τὸ θυμικὸν ἡμῶν μέρος τῆς ψυχῆς ἐκταράσσεται, τὸ τηνικαῦτα καὶ οἱ δαίμονες τὴν ἀναχώρησιν ἡμῖν ὡς καλὴν ὑποβάλλουσιν, ἵνα μὴ τὰς αἰτίας τῆς λύπης λύσαντες ταραχῆς ἑαυτοὺς ἀπαλλάξωμεν. Ὅταν δὲ τὸ ἐπιθυμητικὸν ἐκθερμαίνηται, τότε πάλιν φιλανθρώπους ἡμᾶς ἀπεργάζονται σκληροὺς καὶ ἀγρίους ἀποκαλοῦντες, ἵνα σωμάτων
Endurance and the Demons of Acedia and Vainglory§4
4Desiring to encounter bodies, which one must not obey, but rather do the opposite.
Do not give yourself to the thought of anger, fighting the one who is saddened by thought; nor again imagine more pleasure for the thought of fornication; for the one watches over the soul, while the other calls the soul toward the burning of passion; both make your mind dirty. And imagining idols even at the time of prayer and not offering a pure prayer to God, you immediately fall to the demon of acedia, who most especially falls into such states and tears the soul like a prey like a dog.
The nature of anger is to fight with demons and to struggle for some pleasure. Therefore, the angels, presenting to us spiritual pleasure and blessedness from this, urge us to turn our mind toward the demons; but they again, drawing us toward worldly desires, force the mind to fight against humans by nature, so that the mind, being darkened and falling away from knowledge, becomes a traitor to the virtues.
Take care of yourself lest you provoke any of the brothers to flee, and you may not drive away the demon of sorrow in your life, which becomes a stumbling block to you always at the time of prayer.
Gracious gifts extinguish grudges; and let Jacob persuade Esau, having come with gifts after four hundred, going out to meet him. But we, being poor, let us satisfy the need at the table.
When we fall to the demon of acedia, who divides the soul in such a way with tears, let us make the one part entreating and the other part being entreated, promising good hopes to ourselves and looking to the holy David: 'Why are you so sorrowful, my soul, and why are you disquieting me? Hope in God, for I shall still praise Him; the salvation of my face and my God.'
It is not necessary during the time of trials to leave the cell, feigning reasonable excuses, but to remain within.
To stand firm, to endure, and to receive all things that come bravely, but to exclude entirely the demon of acedia, which being the heaviest above all, most rigorously works upon the soul. For fleeing such struggles and surrounding the mind clumsily teaches one to be cowardly and a deserter.
And our holy and most practical teacher said: Thus the monk must always prepare himself as if he were to die tomorrow, and again to use the body as if he were to live in it for many years. For the former, he says, cuts off the thoughts of acedia and prepares the monk more urgently; the latter preserves the body and always maintains its temperance equally.
It is difficult to escape the thought of vainglory; for what you do toward its destruction, this becomes for you a beginning of another vainglory. And not against every thought of ours do the demons oppose, but also some of these evils occur according to which we are accustomed.
I recognized the demon of vainglory to be pursued by almost all among the demons, and shamelessly standing over the falls of those pursuing virtue, making manifest to the monk a greatness of virtues. He who has grasped knowledge and reaps the pleasure from it will no longer be persuaded by the demon of vainglory, even when bringing to him all the pleasures of the world; for what could he promise greater than spiritual contemplation? Insofar as we are without knowledge, we eagerly work out the practical life, showing our purpose to God that we do all things for the sake of His knowledge.
Remember your former life and the ancient failings, and how being moved by passion, you passed over to the Christ-like apathy, and how again you came out of the world which has much and much a times humbled you. And consider this for me too: who is the one guarding you in the desert, and who is the one driving away the demons, gnashing their teeth against you? For such thoughts indeed produce humility, but they do not admit the demon of pride.
Greek · §4
ἐπιθυμοῦντες σώμασιν ἐντυγχάνωμεν. Οἷς οὐ πείθεσθαι δεῖ· μᾶλλον δὲ τὸ ἐναντίον ποιεῖν. 23 Μὴ δῷς σεαυτὸν τῷ τῆς ὀργῆς λογισμῷ κατὰ διάνοιαν τῷ λελυπηκότι μαχόμενος· μηδ' αὖ πάλιν τῷ τῆς πορνείας ἐπὶ πλεῖστον τὴν ἡδονὴν φανταζόμενος· τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἐπισκοτεῖ τῇ ψυχῇ, τὸ δὲ πρὸς τὴν πύρωσιν τοῦ πάθους αὐτὴν προσκαλεῖται· ἑκάτερα δὲ τὸν νοῦν σου ῥυπῶντα ποιεῖ· καὶ παρὰ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς προσευχῆς τὰ εἴδωλα φανταζόμενος καὶ καθαρὰν τῷ Θεῷ τὴν εὐχὴν μὴ προσφέρων εὐθὺς τῷ τῆς ἀκηδίας δαίμονι περιπίπτεις· ὅστις μάλιστα ταῖς τοιαύταις ἐφάλλεται καταστάσεσι καὶ δίκην κυνὸς καθάπερ νεβρὸν τὴν ψυχὴν διαρπάζει. 24 Φύσις θυμοῦ τὸ τοῖς δαίμοσι μάχεσθαι καὶ ὑπὲρ ἡστινοσοῦν ἡδονῆς ἀγωνίζεσθαι. ∆ιόπερ οἱ μὲν ἄγγελοι τὴν πνευματικὴν ἡμῖν ἡδονὴν ὑποβάλλοντες καὶ τὴν ἐκ ταύτης μακαριότητα, πρὸς τοὺς δαίμονας τὸν θυμὸν τρέψαι παρακαλοῦσιν· ἐκεῖνοι δ' αὖ πάλιν πρὸς τὰς κοσμικὰς ἐπιθυμίας ἕλκοντες ἡμᾶς, τὸν θυμὸν παρὰ φύσιν μάχεσθαι τοῖς ἀνθρώποις βιάζονται, ἵνα σκοτισθεὶς ὁ νοῦς καὶ τῆς γνώσεως ἐκπεσὼν προδότης γένηται τῶν ἀρετῶν. 25 Πρόσεχε σεαυτῷ μήποτε φυγαδεύσῃς τινὰ τῶν ἀδελφῶν παροργίσας, καὶ οὐκ ἐκφεύξῃ ἐν τῇ ζωῇ σου τὸν τῆς λύπης δαίμονα παρὰ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς προσευχῆς ἀεί σοι σκῶλον γινόμενον. 4 26 Μνησικακίαν σβέννυσι δῶρα· καὶ πειθέτω σε Ἰακὼβ τὸν Ἠσαῦ δόμασιν ὑπελθὼν μετὰ τετρακοσίων εἰς ὑπάντησιν ἐξελθόντα. Ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς πένητες ὄντες τραπέζῃ τὴν χρείαν πληρώσωμεν. 27 Ὅταν τῷ τῆς ἀκηδίας περιπέσωμεν δαίμονι, τὸ τηνικαῦτα τὴν ψυχὴν μετὰ δακρύων μερίσαντες τὴν μὲν παρακαλοῦσαν τὴν δὲ παρακαλουμένην ποιήσωμεν, ἐλπίδας ἀγαθὰς ἑαυτοῖς ὑποσπείροντες καὶ τὸ τοῦ ἁγίου ∆αυῒδ κατεπᾴδοντες· ἵνα τί περίλυπος εἶ, ἡ ψυχή μου, καὶ ἵνα τί συνταράσσεις με; ἔλπισον ἐπὶ τὸν Θεόν, ὅτι ἐξομολογήσομαι αὐτῷ· σωτήριον τοῦ προσώπου μου καὶ ὁ Θεός μου. 28 Οὐ δεῖ κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τῶν πειρασμῶν καταλιμπάνειν τὴν κέλλαν προφάσεις εὐλόγους δῆθεν πλαττόμενον, ἀλλ' ἔνδον καθῆσθαι καὶ ὑπομένειν καὶ δέχεσθαι γενναίως τοὺς ἐπερχομένους ἅπαντας μέν, ἐξαιρέτως δὲ τὸν τῆς ἀκηδίας δαίμονα, ὅστις ὑπὲρ πάντας βαρύτατος ὢν δοκιμωτάτην μάλιστα τὴν ψυχὴν ἀπεργάζεται. Τὸ γὰρ φεύγειν τοὺς τοιούτους ἀγῶνας καὶ περιίστασθαι ἄτεχνον τὸν νοῦν καὶ δειλὸν καὶ δραπέτην διδάσκει. 29 Ἔλεγε δὲ ὁ ἅγιος καὶ πρακτικώτατος ἡμῶν διδάσκαλος· 29 οὕτω δεῖ ἀεὶ παρασκευάζεσθαι τὸν μοναχὸν ὡς αὔριον τεθνηξόμενον, καὶ οὕτω πάλιν τῷ σώματι κεχρῆσθαι ὡς ἐν πολλοῖς ἔτεσι συζησόμενον. Τὸ μὲν γάρ, φησί, τοὺς τῆς ἀκηδίας λογισμοὺς περικόπτει καὶ σπουδαιότερον παρασκευάζει τὸν μοναχόν· τὸ δὲ σῶον διαφυλάττει τὸ σῶμα καὶ ἴσην αὐτοῦ ἀεὶ συντηρεῖ τὴν ἐγκράτειαν. 30 Χαλεπὸν διαφυγεῖν τὸν τῆς κενοδοξίας λογισμόν· ὃ γὰρ ποιεῖς εἰς καθαίρεσιν αὐτοῦ τοῦτο ἀρχή σοι κενοδοξίας ἑτέρας καθίσταται. Οὐ παντὶ δὲ λογισμῷ ἡμῶν ὀρθῷ ἐναντιοῦνται οἱ δαίμονες ἀλλά τισι καὶ αἱ κακίαι αὗται καθ' ἃς πεποιώμεθα. 31 Ἔγνων τὸν τῆς κενοδοξίας δαίμονα σχεδὸν ὑπὸ πάντων διωκόμενον τῶν δαιμόνων καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς τῶν διωκόντων πτώμασιν ἀναιδῶς παριστάμενον καὶ τῷ μοναχῷ μέγεθος ἀρετῶν ἐμφανίζοντα. 32 Ὁ γνώσεως ἐφαψάμενος καὶ τὴν ἀπ' αὐτῆς καρπούμενος ἡδονὴν οὐκέτι τῷ τῆς κενοδοξίας πεισθήσεται δαίμονι, πάσας αὐτῷ τὰς ἡδονὰς τοῦ κόσμου προσάγοντι· τί γὰρ ἂν καὶ ὑπόσχοιτο μεῖζον πνευματικῆς θεωρίας; Ἐν ὅσῳ δέ ἐσμεν γνώσεως ἄγευστοι, τὴν πρακτικὴν προθύμως κατεργαζώμεθα, τὸν σκοπὸν ἡμῶν δεικνύντες Θεῷ ὅτι πάντα πράττομεν τῆς αὐτοῦ γνώσεως ἕνεκεν. 33 Μέμνησο τοῦ προτέρου σου βίου καὶ τῶν ἀρχαίων παραπτωμάτων, καὶ πῶς ἐμπαθὴς ὢν ἐλέει Χριστοῦ πρὸς τὴν ἀπάθειαν μεταβέβηκας, καὶ πῶς πάλιν ἐξῆλθες τοῦ κόσμου τοῦ πολλὰ καὶ πολλάκις σε ταπεινώσαντος. Λόγισαι δέ μοι καὶ τοῦτο· τίς ὁ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ φυλάσσων σε, καὶ τίς ὁ ἀπελαύνων τοὺς δαίμονας βρύχοντας κατὰ σοῦ τοὺς ὀδόντας αὐτῶν. Οἱ γὰρ τοιοῦτοι λογισμοὶ ταπεινοφροσύνην μὲν ἐμποιοῦσιν, τὸν δὲ τῆς ὑπερηφανίας οὐκ εἰσδέχονται δαίμονα.
The Strategy of Demons§5
5Regarding passions: 34 We possess memories that are passionate, because we previously received those things with passion; and just as many things we receive again with passion, so also those memories will be passionate. Therefore, the one who has conquered the active demons scorns those who are being acted upon by them; for the incorporeal demon is more difficult than the corporeal war. 35 The passions of the soul have their origins from humans; but those of the body are from the body. Self-control cuts short the passions of the body, but spiritual love handles the passions of the soul. 36 Those pertaining to the psychic passions persist even unto death; but those of the bodily passions withdraw more quickly. Some demons are like those rising or setting with the sun, touching one part of the soul; but the midday one is accustomed to encompass the whole soul and to suffocate the mind. Therefore, withdrawal is sweet after the emptying of the passions; for then the memories are only bare, and the struggle is no longer a combat, but prepares the monk for the contemplation of it. 37 Whether thought moves the passions, or the passions require the attention of thought, some have held the former opinion, while others the latter. 38 The passions are prone to be moved by the sensations; and when love and self-control are present, they will not be moved, but when they are absent, they will be moved. Moreover, the mind needs more remedies than desire, and for this reason love is called great, because it is a bridle for the mind; this very thing that holy Moses, in natural symbols, called the fight against serpents (Exodus 15:25). 39 The soul tends to ignite into logismoi toward the prevailing gloom of the demons when, having been habituated by the disturbing passion, it perceives them approaching.
Hypotheses: 40 It is not possible at all times to execute the usual rule, but one must pay attention to the timing and attempt to practice the commandments that are possible as if they were a single one; for the...
Demons themselves do not fail to recognize such people. Therefore, moving against us, they prevent the possible and force the impossible. For they prevent the weak from being thankful in their pains and from being patient with those who hinder them; but they urge the listless to exercise self-control again, and they prompt those standing heavy-laden to sing.
When we are forced to stay for a little while in cities or in villages, then we are most prone to yield to worldly attachments; lest our mind become dull and, being deprived of habit and care due to the present occasion, it perform something thoughtless and result in a flight caused by the demons.
One should not pray while being tempted before saying some words with anger toward the one troubling; for if your soul is occupied by thoughts, your prayer will not even be pure; but if you say something to them with anger, you will suppress and vanish the thoughts of the adversaries. For anger is accustomed to work even against superior thoughts.
It is also necessary to recognize the differences of the demons and to note their timing; we will know from the thoughts, and the thoughts from the things, which of the demons are rare and heavy, which are continuous and light, and which are those constantly intruding and snatching the mind toward blasphemy. It is necessary to know these things so that when the thoughts begin to move their own matter, before we are cast far from our own state, we may say something to them and signal the present; for in this way we might easily progress with God, making them marvel at us and grieve at their failure.
When the demons are unable to struggle against the monks, having retreated a little, they watch to see which of the virtues is neglected in the meantime.
Greek · §5
34-39 Περὶ παθῶν 34 Ὧν τὰς μνήμας ἔχομεν ἐμπαθεῖς, τούτων καὶ τὰ πράγματα πρότερον μετὰ πάθους ὑπεδεξάμεθα· καὶ ὅσα τῶν πραγμάτων πάλιν μετὰ πάθους ὑποδεχόμεθα, τούτων καὶ τὰς μνήμας ἕξομεν ἐμπαθεῖς. Ὅθεν ὁ νικήσας τοὺς ἐνεργοῦντας δαίμονας τῶν ὑπ' αὐτῶν ἐνεργουμένων καταφρονεῖ· τοῦ γὰρ ἐνύλου πολέμου ὁ ἄϋλος χαλεπώτερος. 5 35 Τὰ μὲν τῆς ψυχῆς πάθη ἐκ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἔχει τὰς ἀφορμάς· τὰ δὲ τοῦ σώματος ἐκ τοῦ σώματος· καὶ τὰ μὲν τοῦ σώματος πάθη περικόπτει ἐγκράτεια, τὰ δὲ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀγάπη πνευματική. 36 Οἱ μὲν τῶν ψυχικῶν προεστῶτες παθῶν ἄχρι θανάτου προσκαρτεροῦσιν· οἱ δὲ τῶν σωματικῶν θᾶττον ὑποχωροῦσιν· καὶ οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι δαίμονες ἀνατέλλοντι ἢ δύνοντι τῷ ἡλίῳ ἐοίκασιν, ἑνός τινος μέρους τῆς ψυχῆς ἐφαπτόμενοι· ὁ δὲ μεσημβρινὸς ὅλην περιλαμβάνειν εἴωθε τὴν ψυχὴν καὶ ἐναποπνίγειν τὸν νοῦν. ∆ιὸ γλυκεῖα ἡ ἀναχώρησις μετὰ τὴν τῶν παθῶν κένωσιν· τότε γὰρ αἱ μνῆμαι μόνον εἰσὶ ψιλαί· καὶ ἡ πάλη οὐ πρὸς ἀγῶνα λοιπόν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς θεωρίαν αὐτῆς παρασκευάζει τὸν μοναχόν. 37 Πότερον ἡ ἔννοια τὰ πάθη κινεῖ, ἢ τὰ πάθη τὴν ἔννοιαν προσεκτέον· τισὶ μὲν γὰρ ἔδοξε τὸ πρότερον, τισὶ δὲ τὸ δεύτερον. 38 Ὑπὸ τῶν αἰσθήσεων πέφυκε κινεῖσθαι τὰ πάθη· καὶ παρούσης μὲν ἀγάπης καὶ ἐγκρατείας οὐ κινηθήσεται, ἀπούσης δὲ κινηθήσεται· πλειόνων δὲ παρὰ τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν ὁ θυμὸς δεῖται φαρμάκων, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο μεγάλη λέγεται ἡ ἀγάπη ὅτι χαλινός ἐστι τοῦ θυμοῦ· ταύτην καὶ Μωσῆς ἐκεῖνος ὁ ἅγιος ἐν τοῖς φυσικοῖς συμβολικῶς ὀφιομάχην ὠνόμασεν. 39 Πρὸς τὴν ἐπικρατοῦσαν δυσωδίαν ἐν τοῖς δαίμοσιν εἴωθεν ἀνάπτεσθαι πρὸς λογισμοὺς ἡ ψυχή, ὅταν αὐτῶν ἐγγιζόντων ἀντιλαμβάνηται, τῷ τοῦ παρενοχλοῦντος πάθει πεποιωμένη. t40- 53 Ὑποθῆκαι 40 Οὐκ ἐν παντὶ καιρῷ δυνατὸν ἐκτελεῖν τὸν συνήθη κανόνα, προσέχειν δὲ δεῖ τῷ καιρῷ καὶ τὰς ἐνδεχομένας ἐντολὰς ὡς ἕνι μάλιστα πειρᾶσθαι ποιεῖν· τοὺς γὰρ καιροὺς καὶ αὐτοὶ τοὺς τοιούτους οὐκ ἀγνοοῦσιν οἱ δαίμονες. Ὅθεν κινούμενοι καθ' ἡμῶν, τὰ μὲν δυνατὰ γενέσθαι κωλύουσι, τὰ δὲ μὴ δυνατὰ γενέσθαι πράττειν ἡμᾶς καταναγκάζουσι· καὶ γὰρ τοὺς ἀσθενοῦντας εὐχαριστεῖν μὲν ἐπὶ ταῖς ἀλγηδόσι καὶ μακροθυμεῖν ἐπὶ τοῖς ὑπηρετοῦσιν ἀποκωλύουσιν· ἀτονοῦντας δὲ πάλιν ἐγκρατεύεσθαι καὶ βεβαρημένους ἑστῶτας ψάλλειν προτρέπονται. 41 Ὅταν ἐν πόλεσιν ἢ ἐν κώμαις ἐπ' ὀλίγον ἀναγκαζώμεθα διατρίβειν, τότε μάλιστα σφοδρότερον τῆς ἐγκρατείας ἐχόμενοι τοῖς κοσμικοῖς συνεσόμεθα, μήποτε παχυνθεὶς ἡμῶν ὁ νοῦς καὶ τῆς συνήθους ἐπιμελείας διὰ τὸν παρόντα καιρὸν στερηθεὶς πράξῃ τι τῶν ἀβουλήτων καὶ γένηται φυγάς, ὑπὸ τῶν δαιμόνων βαλλόμενος. 42 Οὐ πρότερον προσεύξῃ πειραζόμενος, πρὶν εἰπεῖν τινα ῥήματα μετ' ὀργῆς πρὸς τὸν θλίβοντα· τῆς γὰρ ψυχῆς σου πεποιωμένης τοῖς λογισμοῖς, συμβαίνει μηδὲ καθαρὰν γενέσθαι τὴν προσευχήν· ἐὰν δὲ μετ' ὀργῆς εἴπῃς τι πρὸς αὐτούς, συγχεῖς τε καὶ ἐξαφανίζεις τῶν ἀντικειμένων τὰ νοήματα. Τοῦτο γὰρ ἡ ὀργὴ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν κρειττόνων νοημάτων ἐργάζεσθαι πέφυκεν. 43 ∆εῖ δὲ καὶ τὰς διαφορὰς τῶν δαιμόνων ἐπιγινώσκειν, καὶ τοὺς καιροὺς αὐτῶν σημειοῦσθαι· εἰσόμεθα δὲ ἐκ τῶν λογισμῶν, τοὺς δὲ λογισμοὺς ἐκ τῶν πραγμάτων, τίνες τῶν δαιμόνων σπάνιοι καὶ βαρύτεροι, καὶ ποῖοι συνεχεῖς καὶ κουφότεροι, καὶ τίνες οἱ ἀθρόως εἰσπηδῶντες καὶ πρὸς βλασφημίαν τὸν νοῦν ἁρπάζοντες. Ταῦτα δὲ ἀναγκαῖον εἰδέναι, ἵν' ὅταν ἄρξωνται οἱ λογισμοὶ τὰς ἰδίας ὕλας κινεῖν, πρὶν ἢ πολὺ τῆς οἰκείας ἐκβαλώμεθα καταστάσεως, φθεγγώμεθά τι πρὸς αὐτοὺς καὶ τὸν παρόντα σημαίνωμεν· οὕτω γὰρ ἂν αὐτοί τε ῥᾳδίως σὺν Θεῷ 6 προκόπτωμεν, κἀκείνους θαυμάζοντας ἡμᾶς καὶ ὀδυνωμένους ἀποπτῆναι ποιήσωμεν. 44 Ὅταν ἀγωνιζόμενοι πρὸς τοὺς μοναχοὺς ἀδυνατῶσιν οἱ δαίμονες, τότε μικρὸν ὑποχωρήσαντες ἐπιτηροῦσι ποία τῶν ἀρετῶν ἐν τῷ μεταξὺ παρημέληται,
Demons, Passions, and Dreams§6
6Having entered there suddenly, they seize the struggling soul. The evil demons bring their even more evil demons to their aid; and while opposing one another according to their dispositions, they agree only upon the destruction of the soul.
But let us not be troubled by the demon who snatches away the mind toward blasphemy against God and toward those unmentionable fantasies which I have not dared to hand over even by writing, nor let him cut off our readiness; for the Lord is a searcher of hearts and knows that, even while being in the world, we never learned such a madness. The aim of this demon is to make us cease from prayer, so that we may not stand against the Lord our God, nor dare to stretch out our hands after which such things have been thought.
For the passions in the soul are signaled either by some word brought forward beforehand, or by a movement of the body occurring, through which the enemies perceive whether we have their thoughts within us and are in pain, or whether, having rejected them, we are anxious for our salvation. For the God who made us alone knows the mind, and He does not need signals to know the things hidden in the heart.
For those in the world, the demons struggle more through external things, but for the monks, more so through thoughts; for through external things they are lacking because of the desert. And as it is easier to sin by thought than by action, so much more difficult is the war by thought than that composed of external things; for the mind is a movable thing and is difficult to settle against lawless fantasies.
We have not been commanded to work through all things and to keep watch and to fast, but to pray to us unceasingly has been legislated; because while that which heals the passive part of the soul also binds our body to the work, which through its own weakness is not sufficient for the labors, prayer strengthens the mind and prepares it pure for the struggle, being in its nature to pray, and through this, both the body and all the powers of the soul fight against the demons. If any monk would wish to be tested by demons and to learn their craft, let him guard his thoughts, and let him take note of these signs, and the...
Seek the words concerning these things from Christ: the movements, the transmigrations, the times, which of the demons are doing these things, and which demon a person follows, and who follows whom. For those who practice the practical life more knowingly are greatly troubled, desiring to shoot at those who are straight of heart in the darkness.
You will find two very sharp demons almost running ahead of the movement of our mind: the demon of fornication and the one seizing us toward blasphemy against God; but the latter is short-lived, while the former, unless it moves the thoughts through suffering, will not hinder us from the knowledge of God.
The Fathers name the separation of soul from body, or soul from body and from that which clings to virtue, as the practice of death and flight from the body.
Those who nourish the flesh badly and turn the care of it into lusts should not let themselves be filled by this; for those who have acquired the soul's impassibility through this body and are applying it to the contemplation of beings know the grace of the Creator.
Regarding what happens in dreams: When the demons fight in the dream-phantasies in the desiring part, they themselves show us things—such as the gatherings of acquaintances, banquets of relatives, women's dances, and such other things that produce pleasure—and in this part we are sick and the passion is strong. When they again disturb the spirited part, forcing us to walk on precipitous paths, bringing armed men and biting and flesh-eating beasts, while we are terrified by the paths and flee being pursued by the beasts and men, let us make care for the spirited part, and calling upon Christ in vigils, let us use the aforementioned remedies.
The dreamless natural movements of the body indicate how the soul is healthy; but the grasping of idols is a sign of sickness; and the indefinite faces are considered a sign of the old passion, while the defined ones are a symbol of the fresh wound.
The proofs of impassibility are, by day, through the thoughts, and by night...
Greek · §6
κἀκείνῃ αἰφνιδίως ἐπεισελθόντες, τὴν ἀθλίαν ψυχὴν διαρπάζουσιν. 45 Οἱ πονηροὶ δαίμονες τοὺς πονηροτέρους αὐτῶν δαίμονας εἰς βοήθειαν ἐπισπῶνται· καὶ κατὰ τὰς διαθέσεις ἀλλήλοις ἐναντιούμενοι, συμφωνοῦσιν ἐπ' ἀπωλείᾳ μόνον ψυχῆς. 46 Μὴ ταραττέτω δὲ ἡμᾶς ὁ δαίμων ὁ συναρπάζων τὸν νοῦν πρὸς βλασφημίαν Θεοῦ καὶ πρὸς τὰς ἀπειρημένας φαντασίας ἐκείνας ἃς ἔγωγε οὐδὲ γραφῇ παραδοῦναι τετόλμηκα, μηδὲ τὴν προθυμίαν ἡμῶν ἐκκοπτέτω· καρδιογνώστης γάρ ἐστιν ὁ Κύριος καὶ οἶδεν ὅτι οὐδὲ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ὄντες ποτὲ τοιαύτην μανίαν ἐμάνημεν. Σκοπὸς δὲ τούτῳ τῷ δαίμονι παῦσαι ἡμᾶς τῆς προσευχῆς, ἵνα μὴ στῶμεν ἐναντίον Κυρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν, μηδὲ τὰς χεῖρας ἐκτεῖναι τολμήσωμεν καθ' οὗ τοιαῦτα διενοήθημεν. 47 Τῶν ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ παθημάτων σύμβολον γίνεται ἢ λόγος τις προενεχθείς, ἢ κίνησις τοῦ σώματος γενομένη, δι' οὗ ἐπαισθάνονται οἱ ἐχθροὶ πότερον ἔνδον ἔχομεν τοὺς λογισμοὺς αὐτῶν καὶ ὠδίνομεν, ἢ ἀπορρίψαντες αὐτοὺς μεριμνῶμεν περὶ τῆς σωτηρίας ἡμῶν. Τὸν γὰρ νοῦν μόνος ἐπίσταται ὁ ποιήσας ἡμᾶς Θεός, καὶ οὐ δεῖται συμβόλων αὐτὸς πρὸς τὸ γινώσκειν τὰ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ κρυπτόμενα. 48 Τοῖς μὲν κοσμικοῖς οἱ δαίμονες διὰ τῶν πραγμάτων μᾶλλον παλαίουσι, τοῖς δὲ μοναχοῖς ὡς ἐπὶ πλεῖστον διὰ τῶν λογισμῶν· πραγμάτων γὰρ διὰ τὴν ἐρημίαν ἐστέρηνται· καὶ ὅσον εὐκολώτερον τὸ κατὰ διάνοιαν ἁμαρτάνειν τοῦ κατ' ἐνέργειαν, τοσοῦτον χαλεπώτερος καὶ ὁ κατὰ διάνοιαν πόλεμος τοῦ διὰ τῶν πραγμάτων συνισταμένου· εὐκίνητον γάρ τι πρᾶγμα ὁ νοῦς καὶ πρὸς τὰς ἀνόμους φαντασίας δυσκάθεκτον. 49 Ἐργάζεσθαι μὲν διὰ παντὸς καὶ ἀγρυπνεῖν καὶ νηστεύειν οὐ προστετάγμεθα, προσεύχεσθαι δὲ ἡμῖν ἀδιαλείπτως νενομοθέτηται· διότι ἐκεῖνα μὲν τὸ παθητικὸν μέρος τῆς ψυχῆς θεραπεύοντα καὶ τοῦ σώματος ἡμῶν εἰς τὴν ἐργασίαν προσδεῖται, ὅπερ δι' οἰκείαν ἀσθένειαν πρὸς τοὺς πόνους οὐκ ἐπαρκεῖ· ἡ δὲ προσευχὴ τὸν νοῦν ἐρρωμένον καὶ καθαρὸν πρὸς τὴν πάλην παρασκευάζει, πεφυκότα προσεύχεσθαι καὶ δίχα τούτου τοῦ σώματος καὶ ὑπὲρ πασῶν τῶν τῆς ψυχῆς δυνάμεων τοῖς δαίμοσι μάχεσθαι. 50 Εἴ τις βούλοιτο τῶν μοναχῶν ἀγρίων πειραθῆναι δαιμόνων καὶ τῆς αὐτῶν τέχνης ἔξιν λαβεῖν, τηρείτω τοὺς λογισμούς, καὶ τὰς ἐπιτάσεις σημειούσθω τούτων, καὶ τὰς ἀνέσεις, καὶ τὰς μετεμπλοκάς, καὶ τοὺς χρόνους, καὶ τίνες τῶν δαιμόνων οἱ τοῦτο ποιοῦντες, καὶ ποῖος ποίῳ δαίμονι ἀκολουθεῖ, καὶ τίς τίνι οὐχ ἕπεται· καὶ ζητείτω παρὰ Χριστοῦ τούτων τοὺς λόγους. Πάνυ γὰρ χαλεπαίνουσιν ἐπὶ τοῖς γνωστικώτερον τὴν πρακτικὴν μετιοῦσι, βουλόμενοι κατατοξεύειν ἐν σκοτομήνῃ τοὺς εὐθεῖς τῇ καρδίᾳ. 51 ∆ύο τῶν δαιμόνων ὀξυτάτους παρατηρήσας εὑρήσεις, καὶ σχεδὸν τὴν κίνησιν τοῦ νοὸς ἡμῶν παρατρέχοντας· τὸν δαίμονα τῆς πορνείας καὶ τὸν συναρπάζοντα ἡμᾶς πρὸς βλασφημίαν Θεοῦ· ἀλλ' ὁ μὲν δεύτερός ἐστιν ὀλιγοχρόνιος, ὁ δὲ πρότερος, εἰ μὴ μετὰ πάθους κινοίη τοὺς λογισμούς, οὐκ ἐμποδίσει ἡμῖν πρὸς τὴν γνῶσιν τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ. 52 Σῶμα μὲν χωρίσαι ψυχῆς, μόνου ἐστὶ τοῦ συνδήσαντος· ψυχὴν δὲ ἀπὸ σώματος, καὶ τοῦ ἐφιεμένου τῆς ἀρετῆς. Τὴν γὰρ ἀναχώρησιν μελέτην θανάτου καὶ φυγὴν τοῦ σώματος οἱ Πατέρες ἡμῶν ὀνομάζουσιν. 7 53 Οἱ τὴν σάρκα κακῶς διατρέφοντες καὶ πρόνοιαν αὐτῆς εἰς ἐπιθυμίας ποιούμενοι, ἑαυτοὺς μὴ ταύτην καταμεμφέσθωσαν· ἴσασι γὰρ τὴν χάριν τοῦ ∆ημιουργοῦ οἱ τὴν τῆς ψυχῆς ἀπάθειαν διὰ τοῦ σώματος τούτου κτησάμενοι καὶ τῇ τῶν ὄντων θεωρίᾳ ποσῶς ἐπιβάλλοντες. t5456 Περὶ τῶν ἐν τοῖς ὕπνοις συμβαινόντων 54 Ὅταν ἐν ταῖς καθ' ὕπνον φαντασίαις τῷ ἐπιθυμητικῷ μέρει πολεμοῦντες οἱ δαίμονες αὐτοὶ μὲν δεικνύωσιν, ἡμεῖς δὲ προστρέχωμεν, συντυχίας γνωρίμων καὶ συμπόσια συγγενῶν καὶ χοροὺς γυναικῶν καὶ ὅσα ἄλλα τοιαῦτα ἡδονῶν ἀποτελεστικά, ἐν τούτῳ τῷ μέρει νοσοῦμεν καὶ τὸ πάθος ἰσχύει. Ὅταν δὲ πάλιν τὸ θυμικὸν ἐκταράσσωσιν, ὁδοὺς κρημνώδεις ὁδεύειν καταναγκάζοντες, καὶ ἐνόπλους ἄνδρας ἐπάγοντες καὶ ἰοβόλα καὶ σαρκοβόρα θηρία, ἡμεῖς δὲ πρὸς μὲν τὰς ὁδοὺς ἐκδειματούμεθα, ὑπὸ δὲ τῶν θηρίων καὶ τῶν ἀνδρῶν διωκόμενοι φεύγωμεν, τοῦ θυμικοῦ μέρους ποιησώμεθα πρόνοιαν, καὶ τὸν Χριστὸν ἐν ἀγρυπνίαις ἐπικαλούμενοι, τοῖς προειρημένοις φαρμάκοις χρησώμεθα. 55 Αἱ ἀνείδωλοι ἐν τοῖς ὕπνοις τοῦ σώματος φυσικαὶ κινήσεις ὑγιαίνειν ποσῶς μηνύουσι τὴν ψυχήν· πῆξις δὲ εἰδώλων ἀρρωστίας γνώρισμα· καὶ τὰ μὲν ἀόριστα πρόσωπα τοῦ παλαιοῦ πάθους, τὰ δὲ ὡρισμένα τῆς παραυτίκα πληγῆς σύμβολον νόμιζε. 56 Τὰ τῆς ἀπαθείας τεκμήρια, μεθ' ἡμέραν μὲν διὰ τῶν λογισμῶν, νύκτωρ δὲ
Signs of Apatheia and Practical Insights§7
7Through dreams we come to know things. And we say that apatheia is a health for the soul, and knowledge is its nourishment, which alone is accustomed to join us to the holy powers, if indeed the union with the incorporeal things is destined to come from a similar disposition.
There are two peaceful states of the soul: one is produced from the natural seeds, the other is acquired from the withdrawal of the demons. To the former, humility with compunction follows, and a tear and an infinite longing toward the Divine, and an immeasurable zeal for the work; to the latter, vainglory with pride, drawing the monk down through the destruction of the other demons. Therefore, he who keeps the boundaries of the former state will more keenly recognize the attacks of the demons.
The demon of vainglory opposes the demon of fornication, and for a soul that is not able to withstand them both at once, one is promised honor while the other brings dishonor. Whichever of these, having approached, presses you, you have perhaps formed the thoughts of the opposing demon within yourself; even if you are able to expel the proverbial 'leek from the soil,' know that you are near the boundaries of apatheia; for your mind is strong enough to annihilate the thoughts of demons with human thoughts. But to repel the thought of vainglory through humility, or the thought of fornication through sobriety, would be the deepest evidence of apatheia. And try to do this against all the adversaries through various demons; for you will also know more clearly which passion you have overcome. Furthermore, ask from God whatever power is needed to defend against the enemies in the second way.
As much as the soul advances, so much greater adversaries it receives; for I am not persuaded that the same demons always remain with it; and this is known most by those who impose themselves more keenly upon the temptations, and see the apatheia approaching them being snatched away by those who have received it. Perfect apatheia in the soul approaches through the victory over all the adversaries in the practical struggle against the demons; but imperfect apatheia is called that which is toward the power of the total overcoming of the former demon.
Even if the mind were to depart on that beautiful journey, and become among the incorporeal ones in the land, it would not succeed without correcting its inner things; for the disturbance of the inner things tends to turn it back toward those from which it had departed.
Both virtues and vices work the mind blind: the former so that it may not see vices; the latter so that it may not see virtues again.
Regarding the signs of apatheia: When the mind begins to perform the prayers without distraction, then a war is established regarding the thymic part of the soul, both at night and with the day.
A sign of apatheia is when the mind, having begun to see the inner light, remains quiet and smooth in observing things, even toward the phantasms of sleep.
The mind is strengthened when it imagines nothing of this world except during the time of prayer.
Having achieved practical living with God and having approached the knowledge, the mind is seized by knowledge as a lever, separating it from the sensible things, grasping a little or even not at all of the rational part of the soul.
A soul has apatheia, not one that does not suffer regarding things, but one that remains undisturbed even regarding their memories.
The perfect one is not held in check, and the apatheic one does not endure, if endurance belongs to the one suffering, and self-control to the one being tossed about.
Great indeed is to pray without distraction, but greater is to also sing without distraction.
He who has established the virtues within himself, and having been fully strengthened by these, no longer remembers law or commandments or punishment, but says and does whatever the best state dictates.
Practical insights: The demonic songs move our desire, and cast shameful phantasies into the soul; but the psalms and hymns and the spiritual songs always call the mind to the memory of virtue, surrounding our heart, refreshing it, and parching the desires.
If the ancients are in a state of being pressed and counter-pressing, and the demons press us, then they themselves, pressing us, are counter-pressed by us. For I shall press them out, he says, and they will not be able to stand. And again: those pressing me and my enemies themselves grew weak and fell.
Rest is joined with wisdom, and toil with prudence; for there is not...
Greek · §7
διὰ τῶν ἐνυπνίων ἐπιγνωσόμεθα· καὶ τὴν μὲν ἀπάθειαν ὑγείαν ἐροῦμεν εἶναι ψυχῆς, τροφὴν δὲ τὴν γνῶσιν, ἥτις μόνη συνάπτειν ἡμᾶς ταῖς ἁγίαις δυνάμεσιν εἴωθεν· εἴπερ ἡ τῶν ἀσωμάτων συνάφεια ἐκ τῆς ὁμοίας διαθέσεως γίνεσθαι πέφυκεν. t5762 Περὶ καταστάσεως ἐγγιζούσης τῇ ἀπαθείᾳ 57 ∆ύο τῆς ψυχῆς εἰρηνικαὶ καταστάσεις εἰσί, μία μὲν ἡ ἀπὸ τῶν φυσικῶν σπερμάτων ἀναδιδομένη, ἑτέρα δὲ ἡ ἐξ ὑποχωρήσεως τῶν δαιμόνων ἐπιγινομένη· καὶ τῇ μὲν προτέρᾳ ἀκολουθεῖ ταπεινοφροσύνη μετὰ κατανύξεως, καὶ δάκρυον καὶ πόθος πρὸς τὸ θεῖον ἄπειρος, καὶ σπουδὴ περὶ τὸ ἔργον ἀμέτρητος· τῇ δὲ δευτέρᾳ κενοδοξία μετὰ ὑπερηφανίας ἐν ἀναιρέσει τῶν λοιπῶν δαιμόνων τὸν μοναχὸν ὑποσύρουσα. Ὁ τοίνυν τηρῶν τὰ ὅρια τῆς προτέρας καταστάσεως, τὰς ἐπιδρομὰς τῶν δαιμόνων ὀξύτερον ἐπιγνώσεται. 58 Ὁ τῆς κενοδοξίας δαίμων ἀντίκειται τῷ δαίμονι τῆς πορνείας, καὶ τούτους ἅμα προσβαλεῖν ψυχῇ τῶν οὐκ ἐνδεχομένων ἐστίν· εἴπερ ὁ μὲν τιμὰς ἐπαγγέλλεται, ὁ δὲ ἀτιμίας πρόξενος γίνεται· ὁπότερος τοίνυν τούτων ἐὰν προσεγγίσας πιέζῃ σε, τοὺς τοῦ ἀντικειμένου δαίμονος πλάττε δῆθεν ἐν σεαυτῷ λογισμούς· κἂν δυνηθῇς τὸ δὴ λεγόμενον ἥλῳ τὸν ἧλον ἐκκρούειν, γίνωσκε σεαυτὸν πλησίον ὄντα τῶν ὅρων τῆς ἀπαθείας· ἴσχυσε γάρ σου ὁ νοῦς λογισμοῖς ἀνθρωπίνοις λογισμοὺς ἀφανίσαι δαιμόνων. Τὸ δὲ διὰ ταπεινοφροσύνης ἀπώσασθαι τὸν τῆς κενοδοξίας λογισμόν, ἢ διὰ σωφροσύνης τὸν τῆς πορνείας, βαθυτάτης ἂν εἴη τεκμήριον ἀπαθείας. Καὶ τοῦτο ἐπὶ πάντων τῶν ἀντικειμένων ἀλλήλοις δαιμόνων πράττειν πειράθητι· ἅμα γὰρ καὶ γνώσῃ ποίῳ πάθει μᾶλλον πεποίωσαι. Πλὴν ὅση δύναμις αἴτει παρὰ Θεοῦ τῷ δευτέρῳ τρόπῳ τοὺς πολεμίους ἀμύνασθαι. 59 Ὅσῳ προκόπτει ψυχή, τοσούτῳ μείζονες αὐτὴν ἀνταγωνισταὶ διαδέχονται· τοὺς γὰρ αὐτοὺς ἀεὶ δαίμονας αὐτῇ παραμένειν οὐ πείθομαι· καὶ τοῦτο ἴσασι μάλιστα οἱ ὀξύτερον τοῖς πειρασμοῖς ἐπιβάλλοντες, καὶ τὴν προσοῦσαν αὐτοῖς ἀπάθειαν ἐκμοχλευομένην ὑπὸ τῶν διαδεξαμένων ὁρῶντες. 60 Ἡ μὲν τελεία τῇ ψυχῇ ἀπάθεια μετὰ τὴν νίκην τὴν κατὰ πάντων τῶν ἀντικειμένων τῇ πρακτικῇ δαιμόνων ἐγγίνεται· ἡ δὲ ἀτελὴς ἀπάθεια ὡς πρὸς τὴν δύναμιν τέως τοῦ παλαίοντος αὐτῇ λέγεται δαίμονος. 8 61 Οὐκ ἂν προέλθοι ὁ νοῦς, οὐδὲ ἀποδημήσει τὴν καλὴν ἐκείνην ἀποδημίαν, καὶ ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ γένοιτο τῶν ἀσωμάτων, μὴ τὰ ἔνδον διορθωσάμενος· ἡ γὰρ ταραχὴ τῶν οἰκείων ἐπιστρέφειν αὐτὸν εἴωθε πρὸς τὰ ἀφ' ὧν ἐξελήλυθεν. 62 Τὸν νοῦν καὶ αἱ ἀρεταὶ καὶ αἱ κακίαι τυφλὸν ἀπεργάζονται· αἱ μέν, ἵνα μὴ βλέπῃ τὰς κακίας· αἱ δέ, ἵνα μὴ πάλιν ἴδῃ τὰς ἀρετάς. t63-70 Περὶ τῶν τῆς ἀπαθείας συμβόλων 63 Ὅταν ὁ νοῦς ἀπερισπάστως ἄρξηται ποιεῖσθαι τὰς προσευχάς, τότε περὶ τὸ θυμικὸν μέρος τῆς ψυχῆς νύκτωρ καὶ μεθ' ἡμέραν ὁ πᾶς συνίσταται πόλεμος. 64 Ἀπαθείας τεκμήριον, νοῦς ἀρξάμενος τὸ οἰκεῖον φέγγος ὁρᾶν, καὶ πρὸς τὰ καθ' ὕπνον φάσματα διαμένων ἥσυχος, καὶ λεῖος βλέπων τὰ πράγματα. 65 Ἔρρωται νοῦς μηδὲν τῶν τοῦ κόσμου τούτου παρὰ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς προσευχῆς φανταζόμενος. 66 Νοῦς σὺν Θεῷ πρακτικὴν κατορθώσας καὶ προσπελάσας τῇ γνώσει ὀλίγον ἢ οὐδ' ὅλως τοῦ ἀλόγου μέρους τῆς ψυχῆς ἐπαισθάνεται, τῆς γνώσεως αὐτὸν ἁρπαζούσης μετάρσιον καὶ χωριζούσης τῶν αἰσθητῶν. 67 Ἀπάθειαν ἔχει ψυχή, οὐχ ἡ μὴ πάσχουσα πρὸς τὰ πράγματα, ἀλλ' ἡ καὶ πρὸς τὰς μνήμας αὐτῶν ἀτάραχος διαμένουσα. 68 Ὁ τέλειος οὐκ ἐγκρατεύεται, καὶ ὁ ἀπαθὴς οὐχ ὑπομένει, εἴπερ τοῦ πάσχοντος ἡ ὑπομονή, καὶ τοῦ ὀχλουμένου ἡ ἐγκράτεια. 69 Μέγα μὲν τὸ ἀπερισπάστως προσεύχεσθαι, μεῖζον δὲ τὸ καὶ ψάλλειν ἀπερισπάστως. 70 Ὁ τὰς ἀρετὰς ἐν ἑαυτῷ καθιδρύσας, καὶ ταύταις ὅλος ἀνακραθείς, οὐκ ἔτι μέμνηται νόμου ἢ ἐντολῶν ἢ κολάσεως, ἀλλὰ ταῦτα λέγει καὶ πράττει ὁπόσα ἡ ἀρίστη ἕξις ὑπαγορεύει. t70–90 Θεωρήματα πρακτικά 71 οαʹ Αἱ μὲν δαιμονιώδεις ᾠδαὶ τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν ἡμῶν κινοῦσι, καὶ εἰς αἰσχρὰς τὴν ψυχὴν φαντασίας ἐμβάλλουσιν· οἱ δὲ ψαλμοὶ καὶ ὕμνοι καὶ αἱ πνευματικαὶ ᾠδαὶ εἰς μνήμην ἀεὶ τῆς ἀρετῆς τὸν νοῦν προκαλοῦνται, περιζέοντα τὸν θυμὸν ἡμῶν καταψύχοντες καὶ τὰς ἐπιθυμίας μαραίνοντες. 72 Εἰ οἱ παλαίοντες ἐν τῷ θλίβεσθαι καὶ ἀντιθλίβειν εἰσί, παλαίουσι δὲ ἡμῖν οἱ δαίμονες, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἄρα θλίβοντες ἡμᾶς ὑφ' ἡμῶν ἀντιθλίβονται. Ἐκθλίψω γὰρ αὐτούς, φησί, καὶ οὐ μὴ δύνωνται στῆναι. Καὶ πάλιν· οἱ θλίβοντές με καὶ οἱ ἐχθροί μου αὐτοὶ ἠσθένησαν καὶ ἔπεσον. 73 Ἀνάπαυσις μὲν τῇ σοφίᾳ, κόπος δὲ τῇ φρονήσει συνέζευκται· οὐκ ἔστι γὰρ
The Tripartite Soul and its Virtues§8
8To acquire wisdom without war is impossible, and one cannot win the war without prudence; for this prudence is believed to stand against the passion of the demons, forcing the powers of the soul to act according to nature and making the way of wisdom easy. 74 A temptation is merely a thought ascending through the passive part of the soul and darkening the mind. 75 Sin is merely the assent of the thought toward a forbidden pleasure. 76 Angels rejoice when evil is diminished, but demons when virtue is; for the former are servants of mercy and love, while the latter are obedient to anger and hatred; and the former, approaching us through spiritual contemplation, fill us, while the latter, approaching, cast shameful fantasies into the soul. 77 Virtues do not stop the impulses of the demons, but they preserve us innocent. 78 Practical method is a spiritual method that cleanses the passive part of the soul. 79 The working of the commandments is not sufficient to perfectly heal the powers of the soul, unless the mind also receives contemplations suitable to them. 80 It is not possible for us to resist all the thoughts cast at us by angels, but it is possible to overthrow all the thoughts from demons; for a peaceful state follows the former thoughts, but a disturbed one follows the latter. 81 Love is the offspring of apatheia; and apatheia is the flower of practice; and practice is established by the keeping of the commandments; and the guardian of these is the fear of God, which is the offspring of right faith; and faith is a ready good, which is in its nature to exist even in those who do not yet believe in God. 82 Just as the soul acting through the body is affected by weak members, so the mind, acting, recognizes its own proper energy and its own powers, and discovers through that which obstructs it its own therapeutic commandment. 83 The mind, fighting the passionate war, will not perceive the reasons of the war; for it is like one fighting in the night; but having acquired apatheia, it will easily recognize the methods of the enemies. 84 The end of practice is love; the end of knowledge is theology; the beginnings of both are faith and natural contemplation; and as many as
The text ends abruptly with 'and as many as' (καὶ ὅσοι).
On the one hand, demons touch the passive part of the soul, and these are said to oppose practice; but those who wander again in the rational part are named enemies of all truth and contrary to contemplation. The bodies of those being purified do not join with those who are purified; but the virtues both purify the soul and remain with the purified.
By nature, the rational soul acts when its desiring part yields to virtue, its spirited part struggles on its behalf, and its rational part applies itself to the contemplation of realities. He who progresses in practice diminishes the passions, while he in contemplation diminishes ignorance; for of the passions there shall one day be a total destruction, but of ignorance, some say there is an end, while others say there is none.
Virtues and vices become creative through their use beyond mere utility; the use of these for other ends belongs to prudence. Since the rational soul is threefold according to our wise teacher, when virtue arises in the rational part, it is called prudence, understanding, and wisdom; when in the desiring part, temperance, love, and self-control; and when in the spirited part, courage and endurance; but in the whole soul, justice. And the work of prudence is to strategize against the opposing powers, to defend the virtues, to array oneself against the vices, and to manage the intermediate things according to the seasons; of understanding, to harmoniously manage all things contributing to us toward the goal; of wisdom, to contemplate the reasons of bodily and incorporeal things; of temperance, the work is to look apathetically at the things that move irrational imaginations within us; of love, to make oneself such an image of God in every respect that it is almost the prototype, even if demons attempt to defile them; of self-control, to abstain from all pleasure of the throat with joy; of endurance and courage, to not fear enemies and to bravely withstand the terrible; of justice, to produce a certain concord and harmony of the parts of the soul.
Seeds produce drops of moisture, but virtues produce knowledge; and just as tears follow the seeds, so joy follows the drops.
Greek · §8
σοφίαν κτήσασθαι ἄνευ πολέμου, καὶ οὐκ ἔστι κατορθῶσαι τὸν πόλεμον χωρὶς φρονήσεως· αὕτη γὰρ ἀνθίστασθαι τῷ θυμῷ τῶν δαιμόνων πεπίστευται, τὰς τῆς ψυχῆς δυνάμεις κατὰ φύσιν ἐνεργεῖν ἀναγκάζουσα, καὶ τὴν ὁδὸν τῆς σοφίας προευτρεπίζουσα. 74 Πειρασμός ἐστι μοναχοῦ λογισμὸς διὰ τοῦ παθητικοῦ μέρους τῆς ψυχῆς ἀναβὰς καὶ σκοτίζων τὸν νοῦν. 75 Ἁμαρτία ἐστὶ μοναχοῦ ἡ πρὸς τὴν ἀπηγορευμένην ἡδονὴν τοῦ λογισμοῦ συγκατάθεσις. 9 76 Ἄγγελοι μὲν χαίρουσι μειουμένης κακίας, δαίμονες δὲ τῆς ἀρετῆς· οἱ μὲν γάρ εἰσιν ἐλέους καὶ ἀγάπης θεράποντες, οἱ δὲ ὀργῆς καὶ μίσους ὑπήκοοι· καὶ οἱ μὲν πρότεροι πλησιάζοντες πνευματικῆς θεωρίας ἡμᾶς πληροῦσιν, οἱ δὲ δεύτεροι προσεγγίζοντες εἰς αἰσχρὰς τὴν ψυχὴν φαντασίας ἐμβάλλουσιν. 77 Αἱ ἀρεταὶ οὐ τὰς τῶν δαιμόνων ὁρμὰς ἀνακόπτουσιν, ἀλλ' ἡμᾶς ἀθῴους διαφυλάττουσιν. 78 Πρακτική ἐστι μέθοδος πνευματικὴ τὸ παθητικὸν μέρος τῆς ψυχῆς ἐκκαθαίρουσα. 79 Οὐκ ἀρκοῦσιν αἱ ἐνέργειαι τῶν ἐντολῶν πρὸς τὸ τελείως ἰάσασθαι τὰς δυνάμεις τῆς ψυχῆς, ἐὰν μὴ καὶ κατάλληλοι ταύταις διαδέξωνται τὸν νοῦν θεωρίαι. 80 Οὐ πᾶσι μὲν τοῖς ὑπ' ἀγγέλων λογισμοῖς ἡμῖν ἐμβαλλομένοις δυνατὸν ἀντιστῆναι, πάντας δὲ τοὺς ὑπὸ δαιμόνων λογισμοὺς δυνατὸν ἀνατρέψαι· ἕπεται δὲ τοῖς μὲν προτέροις λογισμοῖς εἰρηνικὴ κατάστασις, τοῖς δὲ δευτέροις τεταραγμένη. 81 Ἀπαθείας ἔγγονον ἀγάπη· ἀπάθεια δέ ἐστιν ἄνθος τῆς πρακτικῆς· πρακτικὴν δὲ συνίστησιν ἡ τήρησις τῶν ἐντολῶν· τούτων δὲ φύλαξ ὁ φόβος τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅστις γέννημα τῆς ὀρθῆς ἐστι πίστεως· πίστις δέ ἐστιν ἐνδιάθετον ἀγαθόν, ἥτις ἐνυπάρχειν πέφυκε καὶ τοῖς μηδέπω πεπιστευκόσι Θεῷ. 82 Ὥσπερ ἐνεργοῦσα διὰ τοῦ σώματος ἡ ψυχὴ τῶν ἀσθενούντων μελῶν ἐπαισθάνεται· οὕτως ἐνεργῶν καὶ ὁ νοῦς τὴν οἰκείαν ἐνέργειαν τάς τε δυνάμεις ἐπιγινώσκει τὰς ἑαυτοῦ καὶ διὰ τῆς ἐμποδιζούσης αὐτῷ τὴν θεραπευτικὴν αὐτῆς ἐντολὴν ἐφευρίσκει. 83 Ὁ νοῦς τὸν ἐμπαθῆ πόλεμον πολεμῶν οὐ θεωρήσει τοὺς λόγους τοῦ πολέμου· τῷ γὰρ ἐν νυκτὶ μαχομένῳ ἔοικεν· ἀπάθειαν δὲ κτησάμενος, ῥᾳδίως ἐπιγνώσεται τὰς μεθοδείας τῶν πολεμίων. 84 Πέρας μὲν πρακτικῆς ἀγάπη· γνώσεως δὲ θεολογία· ἀρχαὶ δὲ ἑκατέρων πίστις καὶ φυσικὴ θεωρία· καὶ ὅσοι μὲν τῶν δαιμόνων τοῦ παθητικοῦ μέρους ἐφάπτονται τῆς ψυχῆς, οὗτοι λέγονται ἀντικεῖσθαι τῇ πρακτικῇ· ὅσοι δ' αὖ πάλιν τῷ λογιστικῷ διοχλοῦσιν, ἐχθροὶ πάσης ἀληθείας ὀνομάζονται καὶ ἐναντίοι τῇ θεωρίᾳ. 85 Οὐδὲν τῶν καθαιρόντων τὰ σώματα σύνεστι μετὰ τοῦτο τοῖς καθαρθεῖσιν· αἱ δὲ ἀρεταὶ ὁμοῦ τε καθαίρουσι τὴν ψυχὴν καὶ καθαρθείσῃ συμπαραμένουσιν. 86 Κατὰ φύσιν ἐνεργεῖ ψυχὴ λογικὴ ὅταν τὸ μὲν ἐπιθυμητικὸν αὐτῆς μέρος τῆς ἀρετῆς ἐφίεται, τὸ δὲ θυμικὸν ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς ἀγωνίζεται, τὸ δὲ λογιστικὸν ἐπιβάλλει τῇ θεωρίᾳ τῶν γεγονότων. 87 Ὁ μὲν προκόπτων ἐν πρακτικῇ τὰ πάθη μειοῖ, ὁ δὲ ἐν θεωρίᾳ τὴν ἀγνωσίαν· καὶ τῶν μὲν παθῶν ἔσται ποτὲ καὶ φθορὰ παντελής, τῆς δὲ ἀγνωσίας τῆς μὲν εἶναι πέρας, τῆς δὲ μὴ εἶναί φασι. 88 Τὰ παρὰ τὴν χρῆσιν ἀγαθὰ καὶ κακὰ τῶν ἀρετῶν καὶ τῶν κακιῶν γίνεται ποιητικά· φρονήσεως δέ ἐστι λοιπὸν τὸ χρήσασθαι τούτοις πρὸς θάτερα. 89 Τριμεροῦς δὲ τῆς λογικῆς ψυχῆς οὔσης κατὰ τὸν σοφὸν ἡμῶν διδάσκαλον, ὅταν μὲν ἐν τῷ λογιστικῷ μέρει γένηται ἡ ἀρετή, καλεῖται φρόνησις καὶ σύνεσις καὶ σοφία· ὅταν δὲ ἐν τῷ ἐπιθυμητικῷ, σωφροσύνη καὶ ἀγάπη καὶ ἐγκράτεια· ὅταν δὲ ἐν τῷ θυμικῷ, ἀνδρεία καὶ ὑπομονή· ἐν ὅλῃ δὲ τῇ ψυχῇ, δικαιοσύνη. Καὶ φρονήσεως μὲν ἔργον τὸ στρατηγεῖν πρὸς τὰς ἀντικειμένας δυνάμεις, καὶ τῶν μὲν ἀρετῶν ὑπερασπίζειν, πρὸς δὲ τὰς κακίας παρατάττεσθαι, τὰ δὲ μέσα πρὸς τοὺς καιροὺς διοικεῖν· συνέσεως δὲ τὸ πάντα τὰ συντελοῦντα ἡμῖν πρὸς τὸν σκοπὸν ἁρμοδίως οἰκονομεῖν· σοφίας δὲ τὸ θεωρεῖν λόγους σωμάτων καὶ ἀσωμάτων· σωφροσύνης δὲ ἔργον τὸ βλέπειν ἀπαθῶς τὰ πράγματα τὰ κινοῦντα ἐν ἡμῖν φαντασίας ἀλόγους· ἀγάπης δὲ τὸ πάσῃ εἰκόνι τοῦ Θεοῦ τοιαύτην ἑαυτὴν ἐμπαρέχειν οἵαν καὶ τῷ πρωτοτύπῳ σχεδόν, κἂν μιαίνειν αὐτὰς ἐπιχειρῶσιν οἱ δαίμονες· ἐγκρατείας δὲ τὸ 10 πᾶσαν ἡδονὴν τοῦ φάρυγγος μετὰ χαρᾶς ἀποσείεσθαι· μὴ δεδιέναι δὲ τοὺς πολεμίους καὶ προθύμως ἐγκαρτερεῖν τοῖς δεινοῖς, τῆς ὑπομονῆς καὶ τῆς ἀνδρείας ἐστί· δικαιοσύνης δὲ τὸ συμφωνίαν τινὰ καὶ ἁρμονίαν τῶν τῆς ψυχῆς μερῶν κατεργάζεσθαι. 90 Καρπὸς μὲν σπερμάτων τὰ δράγματα, ἀρετῶν δὲ ἡ γνῶσις· καὶ ὡς ἕπεται τοῖς σπέρμασι δάκρυα, οὕτω τοῖς δράγμασιν ἡ χαρά.
Words of Holy Monks§9
9It is necessary to inquire about the paths of those who have progressed rightly and to follow them, for many things have been found said and done well by them. In these things, one of them says that a drier and not irregular lifestyle, joined with love, introduces the monk into the harbor of apatheia.
And the same, when being somewhat disturbed at night, was relieved by the brothers of the phantasms, having been commanded to serve those who are weak with fasting; for to no one, he said, when asked, are such passions quenched as by mercy.
One of the wise of that time approached the righteous Antony and asked how you endure, saying, 'O father, are you deprived of the consolation of the books?' And he says: 'My book, philosopher, is the nature of things happening, and it is possible whenever I wish to read the words of God.'
The Egyptian elder Macarius, a vessel of election, asked me: 'Why is it that, while being resentful toward men, we destroy the memory-power of the soul, but while being resentful toward demons, we remain unharmed?' And here, after having been perplexed by the answer and entreating to learn the reason, he said that the former is contrary to nature, but the latter is according to the nature of the mind.
Greek · §9
t91100 Ῥήσεις μοναχῶν ἁγίων 91 Ἀναγκαῖον δὲ καὶ τὰς ὁδοὺς τῶν προοδευσάντων ὀρθῶς διερωτᾶν μοναχῶν καὶ πρὸς αὐτὰς κατορθοῦσθαι· πολλὰ γὰρ ἔστιν εὑρεῖν ὑπ' αὐτῶν ῥηθέντα τε καὶ πραχθέντα καλῶς· ἐν οἷς καὶ τοῦτό φησί τις αὐτῶν, τὴν ξηροτέραν καὶ μὴ ἀνώμαλον δίαιταν ἀγάπῃ συζευχθεῖσαν θᾶττον εἰσάγειν τὸν μοναχὸν εἰς τὸν τῆς ἀπαθείας λιμένα. Ὁ δ' αὐτὸς ταρασσόμενόν τινα νύκτωρ τῶν ἀδελφῶν τῶν φασμάτων ἀπήλλαξεν, ἀσθενοῦσι μετὰ νηστείας ὑπηρετῆσαι προστάξας· οὐδενὶ γὰρ οὕτως, ἐρωτηθεὶς ἔφη, ὡς ἐλέῳ τὰ τοιαῦτα κατασβέννυται πάθη. 92 Τῷ δικαίῳ Ἀντωνίῳ προσῆλθέ τις τῶν τότε σοφῶν καὶ πῶς διακαρτερεῖς, εἶπεν, ὦ πάτερ, τῆς ἐκ τῶν βιβλίων παραμυθίας ἐστερημένος; Ὁ δέ φησι· τὸ ἐμὸν βιβλίον, φιλόσοφε, ἡ φύσις τῶν γεγονότων ἐστί, καὶ πάρεστιν ὅτε βούλομαι τοὺς λόγους ἀναγινώσκειν τοὺς τοῦ Θεοῦ. 93 Ἠρώτησέ με τὸ σκεῦος τῆς ἐκλογῆς ὁ Αἰγύπτιος γέρων Μακάριος· τί δήποτε μνησικακοῦντες μὲν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τὴν μνημονευτικὴν δύναμιν τῆς ψυχῆς ἀφανίζομεν, δαίμοσι δὲ μνησικακοῦντες ἀβλαβεῖς διαμένομεν; Κἀμοῦ πρὸς τὴν ἀπόκρισιν ἀπορήσαντος καὶ παρακαλοῦντος τὸν λόγον μαθεῖν, διότι, φησὶν ἐκεῖνος, τὸ μὲν πρότερον παρὰ φύσιν, τὸ δὲ δεύτερον κατὰ φύσιν ἐστὶ τοῦ θυμοῦ. 94
Anecdotes of Discipline and Faith§10
10At the exact midday, passing by the holy father Macarius while burning with thirst, they asked for water to drink; but he says: be satisfied with the shade; for many now traveling or sailing are lacking this.
Then, while I was speaking words to him concerning training in self-control: take courage, he says, child, in all my actions I have received neither a portion of bread, nor of water, nor of sleep; for I ate my bread by weight, I drank water by measure, and leaning myself against the walls, I snatched away a small part of sleep.
Death of the father was announced to one of the monks; but to the one who announced it, he says, stop blaspheming; for my father is immortal.
One of the brothers desired that one of the elders, having passed by the house, would command the mother and sisters to eat him; but he, with a woman, said, you shall not eat.
One of the brothers had only the gospel, and having sold this, he gave it for food to those who were hungry, declaring a word worthy of remembrance: for I, he says, have sold the very word that says to me: sell your possessions and give to the poor (Luke 12:33).
Greek · §10
Παρέβαλον κατ' αὐτὴν τὴν σταθερὰν μεσημβρίαν τῷ ἁγίῳ πατρὶ Μακαρίῳ καὶ λίαν ὑπὸ τῆς δίψης φλεγόμενος ᾔτουν ὕδωρ πιεῖν· ὁ δέ φησιν· ἀρκέσθητι τῇ σκιᾷ· πολλοὶ γὰρ νῦν ὁδοιποροῦντες ἢ πλέοντες καὶ ταύτης ἐστέρηνται. Εἶτα λόγους μου πρὸς αὐτὸν περὶ ἐγκρατείας γυμνάζοντος· θάρσει, φησίν, ὦ τέκνον, ἐν ὅλοις ἔτεσιν εἴκοσι οὔτε ἄρτου, οὔτε ὕδατος, οὔτε ὕπνου κόρον εἴληφα· τὸν μὲν γὰρ ἄρτον μου ἤσθιον σταθμῷ, τὸ δὲ ὕδωρ ἔπινον μέτρῳ, τοῖς τοίχοις δὲ ἐμαυτὸν παρακλίνων μικρόν τι τοῦ ὕπνου μέρος ἀφήρπαζον. 95 Ἐμηνύθη τινὶ τῶν μοναχῶν θάνατος τοῦ πατρός· ὁ δὲ πρὸς τὸν ἀπαγγείλαντα, παῦσαι, φησί, βλασφημῶν· ὁ γὰρ ἐμὸς πατὴρ ἀθάνατός ἐστιν. 96 Ἐπύθετό τις τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἑνὸς τῶν γερόντων εἰ κελεύοι τῇ μητρὶ καὶ ταῖς ἀδελφαῖς συμφαγεῖν αὐτὸν παραβαλόντα τῷ οἴκῳ· ὁ δέ, μετὰ γυναικός, εἶπεν, οὐ βρώσῃ. 97 Ἐκέκτητό τις τῶν ἀδελφῶν εὐαγγέλιον μόνον, καὶ τοῦτο πωλήσας ἔδωκεν εἰς τροφὴν τοῖς πεινῶσιν, ἄξιον μνήμης ἐπιφθεγξάμενος ῥῆμα· αὐτὸν γάρ, φησί, τὸν λόγον πεπώληκα τὸν λέγοντά μοι· πώλησόν σου τὰ ὑπάρχοντα καὶ δὸς πτωχοῖς.
The Five Causes of Monastic Action§11
11There is an island near Alexandria, situated on the northern part of the lake called Maria, where the most proven one of the Gnostic community lives alone; he determined that all things performed by the monks are performed for five reasons: through God, through nature, through habit, through necessity, and through the works of the hands.
He also said again that virtue is one by nature, but is manifested in the powers of the soul; for the solar light is formless, he says, but it has a habit of being shaped by the doors through which it enters.
Another of the monks said, 'For this reason I cut away pleasures, so that I might trim the opportunities of the passion'; for I know him always fighting for the sake of pleasures and driving away my mind and my knowledge by disturbing them. And one of the elders said that love does not know how to keep the boundaries of filth or of material things. He himself says, 'I do not know, being deceived twice by the same thing by demons.' All...
Greek · §11
98 Ἔστι δέ τις παρὰ τὴν Ἀλεξάνδρειαν νῆσος κατ' αὐτὸ τὸ βόρειον μέρος τῆς λίμνης κειμένη τῆς καλουμένης Μαρίας, προσοικεῖ δὲ αὐτῇ μοναχὸς τῆς παρεμβολῆς τῶν γνωστικῶν ὁ δοκιμώτατος· ὅστις ἀπεφήνατο πάντα τὰ πραττόμενα ὑπὸ τῶν μοναχῶν πράττεσθαι δι' αἰτίας πέντε· διὰ Θεόν, διὰ φύσιν, διὰ ἔθος, διὰ ἀνάγκην, διὰ τὰ ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν. Ὁ δ' αὐτὸς ἔλεγε πάλιν μίαν μὲν εἶναι τῇ φύσει τὴν ἀρετήν, εἰδοποιεῖσθαι δὲ αὐτὴν ἐν ταῖς δυνάμεσι τῆς ψυχῆς· καὶ γὰρ τὸ φῶς τὸ ἡλιακὸν 11 ἀσχημάτιστον μέν ἐστι, φησί, ταῖς δὲ δι' ὧν εἰσβάλλει θυρίσι συσχηματίζεσθαι πέφυκεν. 99 Ἄλλος δὲ πάλιν τῶν μοναχῶν· διὰ τοῦτο περιαιρῶ τὰς ἡδονάς, εἶπεν, ἵνα τὰς τοῦ θυμοῦ περικόψω προφάσεις· οἶδα γὰρ αὐτὸν ἀεὶ μαχόμενον ὑπὲρ τῶν ἡδονῶν καὶ ἐκταράσσοντά μου τὸν νοῦν καὶ τὴν γνῶσιν ἀποδιώκοντα. Ἔλεγε δέ τις τῶν γερόντων ὅτι ἡ ἀγάπη παραθήκας βρωμάτων ἢ χρημάτων τηρεῖν οὐκ ἐπίσταται. Ὁ δ' αὐτός· οὐκ οἶδα, φησίν, εἰς τὸ αὐτὸ δὶς ὑπὸ δαιμόνων ἀπατηθείς. 100 Πάντας
Practical Instructions and Final Blessing§12
12On one hand, it is not possible to love brothers equally, but it is possible to encounter them apathetically while being prone to grudges and free from hatred. One must love priests along with the Lord, those cleansing us through the holy mysteries and praying for us; and one must honor our elders as if they were angels, for they are the ones anointing us for the struggles and healing the wounds of wild beasts.
But now, let these things be said to you regarding practice, most desiring brother Anatolius, as many things as we have found by conversing while the grace of the Holy Spirit is occasionally falling upon the vine as we scatter the seed. And if the sun shall strike us steadily and the grape becomes experienced, then we shall also drink its wine which gladdens the heart of man (Ps 104:15), through the prayers and intercessions of the righteous Gregory who planted me and of the now-holy Fathers who water me, and by the power of Christ Jesus our Lord who grows me, to whom be glory and dominion for the ages of ages (Rev 1:6). Amen.
Greek · §12
μὲν ἐπ' ἴσης οὐ δυνατὸν τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ἀγαπᾶν πᾶσι δὲ δυνατὸν ἀπαθῶς συντυγχάνειν μνησικακίας ὄντα καὶ μίσους ἐλεύθερον· τοὺς ἱερεῖς ἀγαπητέον μετὰ τὸν Κύριον τοὺς διὰ τῶν ἁγίων μυστηρίων καθαρίζοντας ἡμᾶς καὶ προσευχομένους ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν· τοὺς δὲ γέροντας ἡμῶν τιμητέον ὡς τοὺς ἀγγέλους· αὐτοὶ γάρ εἰσιν οἱ πρὸς τοὺς ἀγῶνας ἡμᾶς ἀλείφοντες καὶ τὰ τῶν ἀγρίων θηρίων δήγματα θεραπεύοντες. epi Ἀλλὰ νῦν μέν μοι τοσαῦτα λελέχθω πρὸς σὲ περὶ πρακτικῆς, ποθεινότατε ἀδελφὲ Ἀνατόλιε, ὅσα χάριτι τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος ἐν τῷ σπόρῳ περκαζούσης ἡμῶν τῆς σταφυλῆς ἐπιρωγολογούμενοι εὑρήκαμεν· εἰ δὲ σταθερὸς ἡμῖν ἐπιλάμψει τῆς δικαιοσύνης ὁ ἥλιος καὶ ὁ βότρυς πέπειρος γένηται, τότε καὶ τὸν οἶνον πιόμεθα αὐτοῦ τὸν εὐφραίνοντα καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου, εὐχαῖς καὶ πρεσβείαις τοῦ δικαίου Γρηγορίου τοῦ φυτεύσαντός με καὶ τῶν νῦν ὁσίων Πατέρων τῶν ποτιζόντων με, καὶ δυνάμει τῇ τοῦ αὐξάνοντός με Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν. 12