Christians in the world as the soul in the body
The author is explaining to Diognetus how Christians relate to the world, using the soul's relation to the body as an extended analogy.
To put it simply, Christians are to the world what the soul is to the body.
The soul is scattered through all the members of the body, and Christians are scattered through the cities of the world.
The soul dwells in the body, but it is not of the body; and Christians dwell in the world, but they are not of the world.
The invisible soul is guarded within the visible body; and Christians are known to be in the world, yet their piety remains invisible.
The flesh hates the soul and makes war on it, though it has suffered no wrong, because the soul keeps it from enjoying its pleasures; and the world hates Christians, though it has suffered no wrong, because they oppose its pleasures.
The soul loves the flesh that hates it, and its members; and Christians love those who hate them.
The soul is shut up in the body, yet it holds the body together; and Christians are held in the world as in a garrison, yet they hold the world together.
The immortal soul dwells in a mortal tent; and Christians live as resident aliens among corruptible things, awaiting the incorruption that is in heaven.
When the soul is mistreated with food and drink, it improves; and when Christians are punished daily, they increase all the more.
God has placed them in so great a rank, which it is not lawful for them to refuse.
Greek
Ἁπλῶς δ’ εἰπεῖν, ὅπερ ἐστὶν σώματι ψυχή, τοῦτ̓ εἰσὶν ἐν κόσμῳ Χριστιανοί.
ἔσπαρται κατὰ πάντων τῶν τοῦ σώματος μελῶν ἡ ψυχή, καὶ Χριστιανοὶ κατὰ τὰς τοῦ κόσμου πόλεις.
οἰκεῖ μὲν ἐν τῷ σώματι ψυχή, οὐκ ἔστι δὲ ἐκ τοῦ σώματος: καὶ Χριστιανοὶ ἐν κόσμῳ οἰκοῦσιν, οὐκ εἰσὶ δὲ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου.
ἀόρατος ἡ ψυχὴ ἐν ὁρατῷ φρουρεῖται τῷ σώματι: καὶ Χριστιανοὶ γινώσκονται μὲν ὄντες ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ, ἀόρατος δὲ αὐτῶν ἡ θεοσέβεια μένει.
μισεῖ τὴν ψυχὴν ἡ σὰρξ καὶ πολεμεῖ μηδὲν ἀδικουμένη, διότι ταῖς ἡδοναῖς κωλύεται χρῆσθαι: μισεῖ καὶ Χριστιανοὺς ὁ κόσμος μηδὲν ἀδικούμενος, ὅτι ταῖς ἡδοναῖς ἀντιτάσσονται.
ἡ ψυχὴ τὴν μισοῦσαν ἀγαπᾷ σάρκα καὶ τὰ μέλη: καὶ Χριστιανοὶ τοὺς μισοῦντας ἀγαπῶσιν.
ἐγκέκλεισται μὲν ἡ ψυχὴ τῷ σώματι, συνέχει δὲ αὐτὴ τὸ σῶμα: καὶ Χριστιανοὶ κατέχονται μὲν ὡς ἐν φρουρᾷ τῷ κόσμῳ, αὐτοὶ δὲ συνέχουσι τὸν κόσμον.
ἀθάνατος ἡ ψυχὴ ἐν θνητῷ σκηνώματι κατοικεῖ: καὶ Χριστιανοὶ παροικοῦσιν ἐν φθαρτοῖς, τὴν ἐν οὐρανοῖς ἀφθαρσίαν προσδεχόμενοι.
κακουργουμένη σιτίοις καὶ ποτοῖς ἡ ψυχὴ βελτιοῦται: καὶ Χριστιανοὶ κολαζόμενοι καθ̓ ἡμέραν πλεονάζουσι μᾶλλον.
εἰς τοσαύτην αὐτοὺς τάξιν ἔθετο ὁ θεός, ἣν οὐ θεμιτὸν αὐτοῖς παραιτήσασθαι.