Commentary on Zechariah · §31

The Vision of the Flying Sickle

The oil of the lamp; therefore, he asks a second time concerning two branches of the olive trees. It has been made clear in the previous discourses that the divine study is called olive, because of their fruit increasing and nourishing the light. Since it is not possible to perceive through all the trunks and the shoots of the plants in question the one 'knowing and prophesying in part' (1 Cor 13:9), he approaches a second inquiry concerning two branches of olives;nly through these is it possible to have a knowledge that imposes the truth 'through a mirror and an enigma' (1 Cor 13:12), so that, having been benefited from the partial, he might at last be able to know what the olives actually are. 1.338 And since one interpretation of what those who explained the text took as the two olives was the discourse concerning the Son and the Holy Spirit, see if the branches of these olives would grasp what is attainable to the one knowing in part. For while there is the olive of Christ, the becoming of the Word into flesh would be a branch; and of the Holy Spirit, his introductory contemplation, which is called his 'earnest money' (2 Cor 1:22). 1.339 Having asked a second time about these, the one receiving God heard from the angel who initiates into the mysteries: 'Do you not know what these are?' To which the one hearing replied: 'No, Lord.' 'These,' he says, 'are the two sons of fatness; they shall present to the Lord all the earth' (Ps 65:16). 1.340 For just as, by way of the discourse concerning the Father, which is the lamp above the lamp, as has been interpreted a little earlier, so the discourse concerning the Son and the Holy Spirit is being matched to the contemplation of the Father's fatness, being its sons, as it is possible for one still in the body to know. 1.341 According to another interpretation, the mystical understanding of the God-breathed Scriptures is the fatness of the house of God, according to that which is said in the thirty-fifth Psalm to the Lord God: 'They shall be intoxicated from the fatness of your house' (Ps 65:5); and it is clear that 'those who hope in the wings of God' (Ps 91:4) are sons of men, being two sons: the one having come by circumcision, and the other according to the Gospel of Christ. 1.342 Understand, if you are able, to take two sons of fatness having been presented to the Lord, those seen in glory with Jesus on the mountain, Moses and Elijah (Matt 17:2-3), making manifest the Law and the Prophets. For just as the spiritual law becomes a son of the

Just as there is a certain quality of firmness, so too is the word of the prophet who has been opened. He read in a secret book that Enoch and Elijah are the two sons of firmness, as it is fitting because they resemble others. For Enoch was translated so as not to see death, and Elijah was taken up, being carried by a chariot of fire and a horse 'as into heaven' (2 Kings 2:11). Considering these things as being by power like our own, though brief, we set forth the following of the prophet, desiring also to understand them, if the one who enlightens the prophet through revelations should 'give a word by the opening of our mouths' (Zechariah 10:2).

And I turned and lifted up my eyes; and I saw, and behold, a flying sickle. And he said to me, 'What do you see?' And I said, 'I see a flying sickle, twenty cubits in length and ten cubits in width.' And he said to me, 'This is the curse going out over the face of the whole earth; because every thief from this shall be judged until death, and every one who swears falsely by this shall be judged until death. And I will execute it,' says the Lord of all (Zechariah 5:4), 'and it shall enter the house of the thief and the house of the one swearing falsely by my name, and it shall destroy in the midst of his house, and it shall consume him and his wood and his stones.'

Turning from the passing vision, I lifted up my eyes of the mind. And I see a flying sickle, having a length of twenty cubits and a width of ten cubits. This is the sickle which, he says, shows the vision concerning it: this is the curse, that is to say, the punishment, being brought upon all the earth, to cut and consume the thief and the perjurer. And behold the greatness of the instruction occurring through revelation, making manifest from the visible things the things not visible, and from the sensible things the things understood.

For when the just Judge is examining the righteous and the impious upon the ballot, giving to each according to his practice and his works, the things brought against the unrighteous and impious men for punishment, where he names a sword and arrows, and elsewhere an axe and a sickle. When, therefore, 'the wicked and sorcerous men' and with them the predatory demons, being hostile and seditious because of the violence they possess, happen to be...

Greek

τῆς λυχνίας ἐλαῖαι· διὸ ἐκ δευτέρου ἐπερωτᾷ περὶ κλάδων δύο τῶν ἐλαιῶν. Σεσαφήνισται ἐν τοῖς πρότερον λόγους εἶναι μελέτης θείας, ἐλαίας ὀνομαζομένους διὰ τὸ τὸν καρπὸν αὐτῶν αὔξειν καὶ τρέφειν τὸ φῶς. 1.337 Ἐπεὶ οὖν οὐ δυνατὸν τὸν «ἐκ μέρους γινώσκοντα καὶ προφητεύοντα» θεωρῆσαι ἐξ ὅλων τὰ στελέχη καὶ τὰ ἔρνη τῶν ἐκ̣κειμένων φυτῶν, ἐκ δευτέρου ἐπερώτησιν προσάγει περὶ δύο κλάδων ἐλαιῶν, τούτων γὰρ μόγις γνῶσιν ἔχει̣ν δυνατὸν τὸν «δι' ἐσόπτρου καὶ αἰνίγματος» ἐπιβάλλοντα τ̣ῇ ἀληθείᾳ, ἵν' ἐκ τῶν μερικῶν ὠφεληθεὶς δυνηθῇ π̣ο̣τε γνῶναι τίνες αἱ ἐλαῖαι τυγχάνουσιν. 1.338 Καὶ ἐπεὶ μία ἀποδόσεων κατά τινα τῶν ἐξηγησαμένων τὸ ῥητὸν ὃς τὰς δύο ἐλαίας εἰς τὸν περὶ Υἱοῦ καὶ ἁγίου Πνεύματος λόγον ἐξέλαβεν, ὅρα εἰ οἱ κλάδοι τῶν ἐλαιῶν τούτων ἐκλαμβάνοιντο τὰ ἐφικτὰ τῷ ἐκ μέρους γινώσκοντι. Καὶ Χριστοῦ μὲν ἐλαίας ὄντος, κλάδος εἴη τὸ σάρκα γεγονέναι τὸν Λόγον· τοῦ δ' ἁγίου Πνεύματος, ἡ εἰσαγωγικὴ θεωρία αὐτοῦ, ὀνομαζομένη «ἀρραβὼν» αὐτοῦ. 1.339 Περὶ τούτων ἐκ δευτέρου ἐπερωτήσας, ὁ θεολημπτούμενος ἤκουσεν πρὸς τοῦ μυσταγωγοῦντος ἀγγέλου· «Οὐ γινώσκεις τί ἐστιν ταῦτα;» Τοῦ δὲ φήσαντος· «Οὐχί, Κύριε», «Οὗτοι, φησίν, εἰσὶν οἱ δύο υἱοὶ τῆς πιότητος· παρεστήκασιν τῷ Κυρίῳ πάσης τῆς γῆς». 1.340 Ὅνπερ γὰρ τρόπον ἐκ δεξιῶν τοῦ περὶ Πατρὸς λόγου, οὗτος δ' ἐστὶν τὸ λαμπάδιον τὸ ἐπάνω τῆς λυχνίας, ὡς ἡρμήνευται μικρῷ πρότερον, οὕτω τῆς περὶ Πατρὸς θεωρίας πιότητος προσαγορευομένης, υἱοὶ αὐτῆς τυγχάνουσιν ὁ περὶ Υἱοῦ καὶ ἁγίου Πνεύματος λόγος, ὡς ἐνδέχεται γνῶναι τὸν ἔτι ἐν σώματι ὄντα. 1.341 Κατὰ ἀπόδοσιν ἄλλην, ἡ τῶν θεοπνεύστων γραφῶν μυστικὴ νόησις πιότης ἐστὶ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Θεοῦ κατὰ τὸ λεχθὲν ἐν πέμπτῳ καὶ τριακοστῷ Ψαλμῷ πρὸς τὸν Κύριον Θεόν· «Μεθυσθήσονται ἀπὸ πιότητος οἴκου σου», δῆλον δ' ὅτι «οἱ ἐλπίζοντες ἐν ταῖς πτέρυξιν τοῦ Θεοῦ» ἀνθρώπων υἱοί, δύο υἱοὶ ὄντες τῷ τὸν μὲν ἐκ περιτομῆς γεγενῆσθαι, τὸν δὲ κατὰ τὸ Χριστοῦ εὐαγγέλιον. 1.342 Ἐπίστησον εἰ δύνασαι πιότητος υἱοὺς δύο ἐκλαβεῖν παρεστηκότας τῷ Κυρίῳ πάσης τῆς γῆς, τοὺς ὀφθέντας ἐν δόξῃ μετὰ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ ὄρει Μωϋσέα καὶ Ἠλίαν, τὸν νομικὸν καὶ προφητικὸν δηλονότι λόγον. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ πνευματικὸς νόμος υἱὸς τυγχάνει τῆς ἀποδοθείσης πιότητος, οὕτω καὶ ὁ ἀνηγμένος προφήτου λόγος. Ἀνέγνων ἐν ἀποκρύφῳ βιβλίῳ τὸν Ἐνὼχ καὶ τὸν Ἠλίαν τοὺς δύο υἱοὺς τῆς πιότητος εἶναι, ὡς εἰκὸς διὰ τὸ προσόνασθαι παρὰ τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους. «Ὁ μὲν γὰρ Ἐνὼχ 34 μετετε´̣θη τοῦ μὴ ἰδεῖν θάνατον», «ὁ δὲ Ἠλίας ἀνελήμφθη» πυρίνου ἅρματος καὶ ἵππου ἀναγαγόντων αὐτὸν «ὡς εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν». 1.343 Ταῦτα κατὰ δύναμιν τὴν ἡμετέραν, βραχεῖαν οὖσαν, θεωρήσαντες, ἐκθώμεθα τὰ ἑξῆς τοῦ προφήτου, νοῆσαι καὶ αὐτὰ ποθοῦντες, ἐὰν ἄρα «δώῃ λόγον ἐν ἀνοίξει τοῦ στόματος ἡμῶν» ὁ φωτίζων δι' ἀποκαλύψεων τὸν προφήτην. 1.344 Zach. V, 1®4: Καὶ ἐπέστρεψα καὶ ἦρα τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς μου· καὶ εἶδον, καὶ ἰδοὺ δρέπανον πετόμενον. Καὶ εἶπεν πρός με· Τί σὺ βλέπεις; Καὶ εἶπα· Ἐγὼ ὁρῶ δρέπανον πετόμενον, μῆκος πήχεων εἴκοσι, καὶ πλάτος πήχεων δέκα. Καὶ εἶπεν πρός με· Αὕτη ἡ ἀρὰ ἡ ἐκπορευομένη ἐπὶ προσώπου πάσης τῆς γῆς· διότι πᾶς κλέπτης ἐκ τούτου ἕως θανάτου ἐκδικηθήσεται, καὶ πᾶς ὁ ἐπίορκος ἐκ τούτου ἕως θανάτου ἐκδικηθήσεται. Καὶ ἐξοίσω αὐτό, λέγει Κύριος παντοκράτωρ, καὶ εἰσελεύσεται εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ κλέπτου καὶ εἰς οἶκον τοῦ ὀμνύοντος τῷ ὀνόματί μου ἐπὶ ψεύδει, καὶ καταλύσει ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ οἴκου αὐτοῦ, καὶ συντελέσει αὐτὸν καὶ τὰ ξύλα αὐτοῦ καὶ τοὺς λίθους αὐτοῦ. 1.345 Ἐπιστρέψας ἀπὸ τῆς φθασάσης ὀπτασίας, ἦρα τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς μου τοὺς τῆς διανοίας. Καὶ ὁρῶ δρέπανον πετάμενον, μῆκος ἔχον πήχεων εἴκοσι, καὶ πλάτος πήχεων δέκα. Ὅπερ δρέπανον, ὁ δεικνὺς τὴν περὶ αὐτοῦ θέαν φησίν· Αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ ἀρά, τοῦτ' ἔστιν ἡ κόλασις, ἡ ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν ἐπαγομένη, ἐπὶ τῷ κόψαι καὶ συντελέσαι τὸν κλέπτην καὶ ἐπίορκον. Καὶ ὅρα γε τὸ μέγεθος τῆς δι' ἀποκαλύψεως γινομένης παιδεύσεως, φανερούσης ἐκ τῶν φανερῶν τὰ μὴ φαινόμενα, ἐκ τῶν αἰσθητῶν τὰ ν̣οούμενα. 1.346 Ἐπὶ γὰρ ψήφου τοῦ δικαίου κριτοῦ ἐξετάζοντος τὸν δίκαιον καὶ τὸν ἀσεβῆ, ἀποδιδόντος τε ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὴν πρᾶξιν καὶ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ, τὰς ἐπιφερομένας κατὰ τῶν ἀδίκ̣ων καὶ ἀσεβῶν ἀνθρώπων τιμωρίας, ὅπου μὲν μάχαιραν καὶ βέλη, ὅπου δὲ ἀξίνην καὶ δρέπανον ὀνομάζει. 1.347 Ὅταν γὰρ «οἱ πονηροὶ καὶ γόητες ἄνθρωποι» καὶ σὺν τούτοις οἱ ἀλιτήριοι δαίμονες πολέμιοι καὶ στασιώδεις δι' ἣν ἔχουσιν ὠμότητα τυγχάνωσιν, τὰ

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Didymus the Blind on Zechariah.

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