Commentary on Zechariah · §30

The Seven Eyes and the Cherubim

It shall say. The days of the intelligible realm possess greatness and abundance near the sun of righteousness, and this is due to the difference between those being illuminated and the light itself. For when the Lord says concerning the righteous one who 'dwells in the help of the Most High' (Ps 90:14): 'I will fill him with length of days,' we do not say that a long life is promised to the righteous one who desires to 'depart so that he may be with Christ' (2 Cor 5:8), as he says: 'Woe, that my sojourn has been lengthened' (Ps 118:77).

Indeed, history also struggles against such a view, since those honoring parents are not becoming long-lived in every way, it having been said to each: 'Honor your father and your mother, so that it may go well with you and you may be long of years upon the earth which the Lord your God gives you' (Ex 20:12). For one finds those keeping this commandment becoming short-lived and outside of life in a short time.

Therefore, since the spoken word is shown not to have the meaning as many suppose, that which is said in the Psalms concerning length of days, and as elsewhere in the God-breathed Scripture is like: 'He sought life and you gave him length of days unto the age and unto the age of the age' (Ps 35:9), and that in Proverbs: 'The righteous shall make many years in wealth' (Prov 10:6).

But that the increasing illumination and length of days is the prophet of the divine laws, Moses, saying to the God-lover: 'This is your life and the length of your days: to love the Lord your God with all your soul and with all your heart' (Deut 6:5). For since love that is attentive to God is luminous, it prepares long and great days, so that those participating in it find themselves having many-dayed and long-lasting existence.

Compared to these days, the introductory gleams are found to be small days, which he who is not undervaluing will easily be tempted by, following the bright progresses. In whichs the one born will rejoice in 'joy inexpressible and glorified' (1 Pet 1:8), existing in 'fruit of the Holy Spirit' (Gal 5:22).

And what follows him who rejoices thus, or to see the tinny stone in hand, that is, in practice, of Zerubbabel, from whom the one from Abraham and David and finally from Mary, Jesus, is genealogically descended, who works through all things to be luminous and discerning.

Regarding those approaching him. He said there are seven eyes, observing and looking upon all the earth, especially when those dwelling on the earth learned to do righteousness, walking without blemish and working righteousness. That these look upon things by the Lord is learned from the Psalmist saying: 'The eyes of the Lord are upon the righteous, and his ears to their prayer' (Psalm 34:15).

The whole has seven divine eyes, being inherently perceptive; in this way also the most holy Cherubim, at whom God attends, according to the vision of Ezekiel, are eyed all over, it having been said they are full of eyes, just as they have eyes on their sides and on their faces for the inspection of superabundant and great wonders. The Cherubim are interpreted as a multitude of knowledge; from which it appears that they see what they know and what they look upon and impose.

See then that: 'Who has made it into small days?' (Zechariah 4:11) does not indicate a sparingly seen thing, but someone called by some specifically, and by others an individual, similarly to the apostolic word having thus: 'Every house is built by someone' (Hebrews 3:4).

And I answered and said to him: 'What are these two olive trees which are by the right side of the lampstand and by the two olive branches?' (Zechariah 4:12). And I inquired a second time and said to him: 'What are the two olive branches which are in the hands of the two golden pipes that pour out and bring up the golden oil-streams?' (Zechariah 4:13). And he said to me: 'Do you not know what these are?' And I said: 'No, Lord.' And he said: 'These are the two sons of stability who stand beside the Lord of all the earth' (Zechariah 4:14).

When the angel speaking in the prophet asked: 'What do you see?' he answered and said inquiringly: 'What are these two olive trees which are on the right and by the olive branches of the lampstand?' An answer not being given to him, he inquires a second time about the two olive branches which are in the hands of the two pipes that pour out and bring up the golden oil-streams. To whom the angel said: 'Do you not know what these are?' 'No, Lord,' saying the prophet, the angel said: 'These are the two sons of stability who stand beside the Lord of all the earth.'

For one having the beginning of initiation, it is not possible at all to know what are those on the right and by the olive branches.

Greek

λέξει. 1.325 Τῶν νοητῶν ἡμερῶν πρὸς τοῦ ἡλίου τῆς δικαιοσύνης ἐχουσῶν μέγεθος καὶ πλῆθος, καὶ τ̣ο··τ·ον ἐκ τῆς διαφορᾶς τῶν φωτιζομένων καὶ οὐ τοῦ τ̣·····τος αὐτὰς θείου φωτός. Ὅταν γὰρ περὶ τοῦ δικαίου τ̣οῦ «κατοικοῦντος ἐν βοηθείᾳ τοῦ ὑψίστου» ὁ Κύριος λέγῃ· «Μακρότητι ἡμερῶν ἐμπλήσω αὐτόν», οὐ πολυχρονιότητα ἐπαγγέλλεσθαι τῷ δικαίῳ φαμὲν ποθοῦντι «ἀναλῦσαι ἵνα σὺν Χριστῷ γένηται», ὡς λέγειν αὐτόν· «Οἴμοι ὅτι ἡ παροικία μου ἐμακρύνθη.» 1.326 Ἀμέλει γοῦν καὶ ἡ ἱστορία μάχεται τῇ τοιαύτῃ νοήσει, οὐ πολυημέρων γινομένων ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου τῶν τιμώντων γονέας, εἰρημένου πρὸς ἕκαστον· «Τίμα τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα, ἵνα εὖ σοι γένηται καὶ ἔσῃ πολυχρόνιος ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἧς Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου δίδωσίν σοι.» Ἔστιν γὰρ εὑρεῖν τηροῦντας τὴν ἐντολὴν ταύτην ὠκυμόρους ἐν ὀλίγῳ χρόνῳ ἔξω τῆς ἐπικήρου ζωῆς γινομένους. 1.327 Ἐπεὶ οὖν ἐλέγχεται τὸ ῥητὸν οὐκ ἔχον ὡς οἱ πολλοὶ νομίζουσιν, τὸ ἐν Ψαλμοῖς λεγόμενον περὶ μακρότητος ἡμερῶν καὶ εἴ που ἀλλαχοῦ τῆς θεοπνεύστου γραφῆς οἷόν ἐστιν τό· «Ζωὴν ᾐτήσατο καὶ ἔδωκας αὐτῷ μακρότητα ἡμερῶν εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα καὶ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος», καὶ τὸ ἐν Παροιμίαις· «∆ίκαιοι ποιήσουσιν ἐν πλούτῳ ἔτη πολλά.» 1.328 Ὅτι δὲ ὁ παρεκτείνων φωτισμὸς καὶ μακρότης ἡμερῶν ἐστιν ὁ ἱεροφάντης τῶν θείων νόμων Μωϋσῆς πρὸς τὸν φιλόθεόν φησιν· «Αὕτη ἡ ζωή σου καὶ ἡ μακρότης τῶν ἡμερῶν σου· ἀγαπᾶν Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου ἐξ ὅλης ψυχῆς σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης καρδίας σου.» Ἐπεὶ γὰρ φωτεινή ἐστιν ἡ σύντονος πρὸς Θεὸν α᾿̣γ̣άπη, μακρὰς καὶ μεγάλας ἡμέρας παρασκευάζει, ὥστε μετέχοντα αὐτῆς πολυήμερον καὶ μακροήμερον τυγχάνειν. 1.329 Ταύταις ταῖς ἡμέραις συγκρινόμεναι αἱ εἰσαγω̣γ̣ι̣καὶ ἐκλάμψεις τυγχάνουσιν ἡμέραι μικραί· ἃς ὁ οὐκ̣ ε᾿̣ξ̣ουθενῶν ῥᾷστα πειραθήσεται τῶν μετὰ τὰς εἰσαγωγὰς λαμπρῶν προκοπῶν. Ἐν αἷς ὁ γενάμενος χαρήσεται «χαρᾷ ἀνεκλαλήτῳ καὶ δεδοξασμένῃ», ὑπαρχούσῃ «καρπῷ τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος». 1.330 Τί δὲ ἀκολουθεῖ τῷ οὕτω χαρέντι ἢ τὸ ὄψεσθαι τὸν κασσιτέρινον λίθον ἐν χειρί, τοῦτ' ἔστιν ἐν πράξει, τοῦ Ζοροβάβελ, τῷ ἐξ αὐτοῦ γενεαλογεῖσθαι τὸν ἐξ Ἀβραὰμ καὶ ∆αυὶδ καὶ τέλος ἐκ τῆς Μαρίας Ἰησοῦν, τὸν διὰ τὸ δι' ὅλων φωτεινὸν εἶναι καὶ διορατικοὺς ἀπεργαζόμενον τοὺς πλησιάζοντας αὐτῷ. 1.331 Εἶναι ἑπτὰ ὀφθαλμοὺς εἶπεν, ἐφορῶντας καὶ ἐπιβλέποντας πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν, τότε μάλιστα ὅτε ἔμαθον ποιεῖν δικαιοσύνην οἱ οἰκοῦντες ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, πορευόμενοι ἄμωμοι καὶ ἐργαζόμενοι δικαιοσύνην. Ὅτι δ' οὗτοι ἐπιβλέπονται ὑπὸ Κυρίου, ἀπὸ τοῦ ψαλμῳδοῦ μαθεῖν ἔστιν λέγοντος· «Ὀφθαλμοὶ Κυρίου ἐπὶ δικαίους, καὶ ὦτα αὐτοῦ εἰς δέησιν αὐτῶν.» 1.332 Ἑπτὰ θείους ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχει ὁ ὅλος ἐξ ὅλων διορατικὸς ὑπάρχων· ταύτῃ γοῦν καὶ τὰ πανάγια Χερουβεὶν οἷς ἐποχεῖται Θεός, κατὰ τὴν ὅρασιν τοῦ Ἰεζεκιήλ, δι' ὅλων εἰσὶν ὀμματώμενα, πλήρης εἶναι εἰρημένα ὀφθαλμῶν, ὡς καὶ τὰ νῶτα καὶ τὰ πρόσω αὐτῶν ἔχειν ὀφθαλμοὺς ἐποπτικοὺς τῶν ὑπερφυῶν καὶ μεγάλων θεαμάτων. Πληθυσμὸς δὲ γνώσεως ἑρμηνεύεται τὰ Χερουβείν· ἐξ οὗ παρίσταται ὅτι ὁρῶσιν ἃ 33 ἐπίστανται καὶ οἷς ἐπιβάλλουσι βλέπουσι. 1.333 Ὅρα εἰ τό· «Τίς ἐξουδένωσεν εἰς ἡμέρας μικράς;» οὐ τὸν σπάνιον θεατὴν δηλοῖ, ἀλλά τινα τὸν παρά τισιν καλούμενον ἰδίως ποιόν, παρ' ἄλλοις δ' ἄτομον, παραπλησίως τῷ ἀποστολικῷ ῥητῷ ἔχοντι οὕτως· «Πᾶς οἶκος κατασκευάζεται ὑπό τινος.» 1.334 Zach. IV, 11®14: Καὶ ἀπεκρίθην καὶ εἶπα πρὸς αὐτόν· Τί αἱ δύο ἐλαῖαι αὗτ̣αι αἱ ἐκ δεξιῶν τῆς λυχνίας καὶ ἐξ εὐωνύμων; Καὶ ἐπηρ̣ω´̣τ̣ησα ἐκ δευτέρου καὶ εἶπα πρὸς αὐτόν· Τί οἱ δύο κλάδοι τῶν ἐλαιῶν οἱ ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν τῶν δύο μυξωτήρων τῶν χρυσῶν τῶν ἐπιχεόντων καὶ ἐπαναγόντων τὰς ἐπαρυστρίδας τὰς χρυσάς; Καὶ εἶπεν πρός με· Οὐκ οἶδας τί ἐστιν ταῦτα; Καὶ εἶπα· Οὐχί, Κύριε. Καὶ εἶπεν· Οὗτοι οἱ δύο υἱοὶ τῆς πιότητος παρεστήκασιν τῷ Κυρίῳ πάσης τῆς γῆς. 1.335 Ἐπηρωτήσαντος τοῦ ἀγγέλου τοῦ λαλοῦντος ἐν τῷ προφήτῃ· «Τί βλέπεις σύ;» ἀπεκρίθη καὶ εἶπεν πευστικῶς· «Τίνες αἱ δύο ἐλαῖαι αἱ ἐκ δεξιῶν καὶ ἐξ εὐωνύμων τῆς λυχνίας;» Ἀποκρίσεως αὐτῷ μὴ δοθείσης, ἐκ δευτέρου ἐπερωτᾷ περὶ δύο κλάδων τῶν ἐλαιῶν οἱ ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν τῶν δύο μυξωτήρων τῶν ἐπιχεόντων καὶ ἐπαναγόντων τὰς ἐπαρυστρίδας τὰς χρυσᾶς. Πρὸς ὃν ὁ ἄγγελος· «Οὐ γινώσκεις τί ἐστιν ταῦτα;» Οὐχί, Κύριε, εἰπόντος τοῦ προφήτου, ὁ ἄγγελος ἔφη· «Οὗτοι οἱ δύο υἱοὶ τῆς πιότητος παρεστήκασιν τῷ Κυρίῳ πάσης τῆς γῆς.» 1.336 Τῷ ἀρχὴν ἔχοντι μυσταγωγίας οὐ δυνατόν πω γνῶναι τίνες ἐκ δεξιῶν καὶ ἐξ εὐωνύμων

About this text

Didymus the Blind on Zechariah.

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