Who Is the Rich Man That Shall Be Saved? · §37 · Clement of Alexandria

The Mysteries of Love and the Debt of Souls

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Clement is explaining that God himself is love, revealed through the incarnate Son, and that Christians owe one another their very souls in imitation of Christ's self-giving.

What more is needed? Gaze upon the mysteries of love, and then you will gaze upon the bosom of the Father, which the only-begotten God alone has revealed (John 1:18). God himself is love (1 John 4:8), and through love he was seen by us. His inexpressible aspect is Father; his compassion toward us became Mother. The Father loved, and was made feminine. And a great sign of this is the one he begot from himself; and the fruit born from love is love. For this reason he himself came down. For this reason he clothed himself in humanity. For this reason he willingly suffered the things of human beings, so that, measured against our weakness, he might measure us whom he loved against his own power. And when he was about to be poured out as a libation and to give himself as a ransom, he leaves us a new covenant: "I give you my love." What is this love, and how great is it? For each one of us he laid down his soul, the soul worth the whole of all things. This he demands back from us for one another. If we owe our souls to our brothers and sisters, and we have made such an agreement with the Savior, shall we still shut up the things of the world—poor, alien, flowing-away things—by storing them away? Shall we lock away from one another what the fire will soon possess? Divinely and with the Spirit's breath John says, "The one who does not love his brother is a murderer" (1 John 3:15), a seed of Cain, a nursling of the devil. He has no compassion of God; he has no hope of better things. He is unsown; he is barren. He is not a branch of the ever-living vine above the heavens; he is cut off, and awaits the gathered fire.

Greek

Τί γὰρ ἔτι δεῖ; θεῶ τὰ τῆς ἀγάπης μυστήρια, καὶ τότε ἐποπτεύσεις τὸν κόλπον τοῦ πατρός, ὃν ὁ μονογενὴς θεὸς μόνος ἐξηγήσατο. ἐστι δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ θεὸς ἀγάπη καὶ δι᾿ ἀγάπην ἡμῖν ἐθεάθη. καὶ τὸ μὲν ἄρρητον αὐτοῦ πατήρ. τὸ δὲ εἰς ἡμᾶς συμπαθὲς γέγονε μήτηρ. ἀγαπήσας ὁ πατὴρ ἐθηλύνθη. καὶ τούτου μέγα σημεῖον ὃν αὐτὸς ἐγέννησεν ἐξ αὑτοῦ· καὶ ὁ τεχθεὶς ἐξ ἀγάπης καρπὸς ἀγάπη. διὰ τοῦτο καὶ αὐτὸς κατῆλθε. διὰ τοῦτο ἄνθρωπον ἐνέδυ. διὰ τοῦτο τὰ ἀνθρώπων ἑκὼν ἔπαθεν. ἵνα πρὸς τὴν ἡμετέραν ἀσθένειαν οὓς ἠγάπησε μετρηθεὶς ἡμᾶς πρὸς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ δύναμιν ἀντιμετρήσῃ. καὶ μέλλων σπένδεσθαι καὶ λύτρον ἑαυτὸν ἐπιδιδοὺς καινὴν ἡμῖν διαθήκην καταλιμπάνει· »ἀγάπην ὑμῖν δίδωμι τὴν ἐμήν.« τίς δέ ἐστιν αὕτη καὶ πόση; ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἑκάστου κατέθηκε τὴν ψυχὴν τὴν ἀνταξίαν τῶν ὅλων· ταύτην ἡμᾶς ὑπὲρ ἀλλήλων ἀνταπαιτεῖ. εἰ δὲ τὰς ψυχὰς ὀφείλομεν τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς. καὶ τοιαύτην τὴν συνθήκην πρὸς τὸν σωτῆρα ἀνθωμολογήμεθα. ἔτι τὰ τοῦ κόσμου. τὰ πτωχὰ καὶ ἀλλότρια καὶ παραρρέοντα. καθείρξομεν ταμιευόμενοι; ἀλλήλων ἀποκλείσομεν, ἃ μετὰ μικρὸν ἕξει τὸ πῦρ; θείως γε καὶ ἐπιπνόως ὁ Ἰωάννης »ὁ μὴ φιλῶν« φησὶ »τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀνθρωποκτόνος ἐστί«, σπέρμα τοῦ Κάιν, θρέμμα τοῦ διαβόλου. θεοῦ σπλάγχνον οὐκ ἔχει, ἐλπίδα κρειττόνων οὐκ ἔχει. ἄσπορός ἐστιν, ἄγονός ἐστιν. οὐκ ἔστι κλῆμα τῆς ἀεὶ ζώσης ὑπερουρανίας ἀμπέλου, ἐκκόπτεται, τὸ πῦρ ἄθρουν ἀναμένει.

About this text

Clement explains Jesus' saying about the camel and the needle's eye, and shows how a rich person may be saved.

This homily was written by Clement of Alexandria (c. 150–c. 215), a Greek Christian teacher who led the Catechetical School of Alexandria. He addressed it to fellow Christians who were troubled by Jesus' saying about the camel and the needle's eye, and who either despaired of rich believers being saved or flattered the wealthy. Clement wrote to remove that false despair and to show how a rich person may be saved.

The occasion is a controversy over the moral danger of wealth and the question of who can be saved. Clement argues that Jesus' command to sell one's possessions is not a command to become outwardly poor, but to renounce the passions and attachments of the soul that wealth can excite. The rich man in the Gospel is not condemned for having wealth, but for loving it more than eternal life. Salvation depends on the soul's disposition, not on external possessions, and wealth can be used rightly for love of neighbor.

A reader will meet Jesus, whose words from the Gospels are quoted and interpreted throughout, along with Peter, Martha, Mary, Zacchaeus, Levi, Matthew, and Paul. Clement also cites the pagan philosophers Anaxagoras, Democritus, and Crates as examples of people who gave up wealth for the wrong reasons. The work closes with the story of the apostle John and a young robber, offered as proof that no sinner is beyond hope. To follow the argument, know that Clement uses 'passions' for the disordered attachments of the soul, 'freedom from passions' for the state required for salvation, and 'worldly wealth' for what the Gospels call mammon of unrighteousness. Bible books follow the Septuagint names and Psalm numbering, so Gospel passages correspond to Mark 10:17-31, Matthew 19:16-30, and Luke 18:18-30 in modern Bibles.

New English from the Greek base text; no published English used as wording.

Printed text used

Translated from Clement of Alexandria Otto Stählin Stromata, Buch VII-VIII. Excerpta ex Theodoto. Eclogae prophetica. Hinrichs Leipzig 1909 Clemens Alexandrinus 3 (Greek)

This work has passed this project's source check. This is an AI-assisted study translation. Source fidelity and completeness have not been independently certified. Open Greek on each section for the source text. This is not a complete critical edition.