Who Is the Rich Man That Shall Be Saved? · §19 · Clement of Alexandria

True and counterfeit wealth and poverty

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Clement is explaining that the rich man's command to sell his possessions refers to the soul's inner possessions, not outward goods.

So the truly and rightly rich person is the one rich in virtues, able to use every circumstance in a holy and faithful way. The false rich person is the one rich according to the flesh, who has transferred his life to outward possessions that pass away and decay, that belong now to one person and now to another, and in the end to no one at all. In the same way again, there is a genuine poor person and another poor person who is bastard and falsely named. The one is poor according to the spirit, which is his own; the other is poor according to the world, which is alien to him. He says to the one who is not poor according to the world but rich in the passions, and to the one who is not poor according to the spirit but rich according to God: “Stand away from the alien possessions that dwell in your soul, so that, becoming pure in heart, you may see God”—which is the same thing, in another phrase, as entering the kingdom of heaven. And how will you stand away from them? By selling them. What then? Will you take money in exchange for possessions, making an exchange of wealth for wealth, having turned your visible substance into silver? Not at all. Instead, in place of the things that formerly dwelt in the soul you long to save, you bring in another wealth that makes divine and supplies eternal life: the dispositions that follow the commandment of God. In return for these you will have a reward and honor: unceasing salvation and eternal incorruption. In this way you sell your possessions well—the many and superfluous ones that shut off the heavens to you—exchanging them in return for the things that are able to save.

Greek

Ὁ μὲν ἄρα ἀληθῶς καὶ καλῶς πλούσιός ἐστιν ὁ τῶν ἀρετῶν πλούσιος καὶ πάσῃ τύχῃ χρῆσθαι ὁσίως καὶ πιστῶς δυνάμενος, ὁ δὲ νόθος πλούσιος ὁ κατὰ σάρκα πλουτῶν καὶ τὴν ζωὴν εἰς τὴν ἔξω κτῆσιν μετενηνοχὼς τὴν παρερχομένην καὶ φθειρομένην καὶ ἄλλοτε ἄλλου γινομένην καὶ ἐν τῷ τέλει μηδενὸς μηδαμῇ. πάλιν αὖ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον καὶ γνήσιος πτωχὸς καὶ νόθος ἄλλος πτωχὸς καὶ ψευδώνυμος. ὃ μὲν κατὰ πνεῦμα πτωχός. τὸ ἴδιον, ὃ δὲ κατὰ κόσμον. τὸ ἀλλότριον. τῷ δὴ κατὰ κόσμον οὐ πτωχῷ καὶ πλουσίῳ κατὰ τὰ πάθη ὁ κατὰ πνεῦμα οὐ πτωχὸς καὶ κατὰ θεὸν πλούσιος ›ἀπόστηθι‹ φησί ›τῶν ὑπαρχόντων ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ σου κτημάτων ἀλλοτρίων. ἵνα καθαρὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ γενόμενος ἴδῃς τὸν θεόν, ὅπερ καὶ δι᾿ ἑτέρας φωνῆς ἐστιν εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν. καὶ πῶς αὐτῶν ἀποστῇς; πωλήσας. τί οὖν; χρήματα ἀντὶ κτημάτων λάβῃς; ἀντίδοσιν πλούτου πρὸς πλοῦτον ποιησάμενος. ἐξαργυρίσας τὴν φανερὰν οὐσίαν; οὐδαμῶς· ἀλλὰ ἀντὶ τῶν πρότερον ἐνυπαρχόντων τῇ ψυχῇ, ἣν σῶσαι ποθεῖς, ἀντεισαγόμενος ἕτερον πλοῦτον θεοποιὸν καὶ ζωῆς χορηγὸν αἰωνίου, τὰς κατὰ τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ θεοῦ διαθέσεις. ἀνθ᾿ ὧν σοι περιέσται μισθὸς καὶ τιμή. διηνεκὴς σωτηρία καὶ αἰώνιος ἀφθαρσία. οὕτως καλῶς πωλεῖς τὰ ὑπάρχοντα, τὰ πολλὰ καὶ περισσὰ καὶ ἀποκλείοντά σοι τοὺς οὐρανούς. ἀντικαταλλασσόμενος αὐτῶν τὰ σῶσαι δυνάμενα.

About this text

Clement explains Jesus' saying about the camel and the needle's eye, and shows how a rich person may be saved.

This homily was written by Clement of Alexandria (c. 150–c. 215), a Greek Christian teacher who led the Catechetical School of Alexandria. He addressed it to fellow Christians who were troubled by Jesus' saying about the camel and the needle's eye, and who either despaired of rich believers being saved or flattered the wealthy. Clement wrote to remove that false despair and to show how a rich person may be saved.

The occasion is a controversy over the moral danger of wealth and the question of who can be saved. Clement argues that Jesus' command to sell one's possessions is not a command to become outwardly poor, but to renounce the passions and attachments of the soul that wealth can excite. The rich man in the Gospel is not condemned for having wealth, but for loving it more than eternal life. Salvation depends on the soul's disposition, not on external possessions, and wealth can be used rightly for love of neighbor.

A reader will meet Jesus, whose words from the Gospels are quoted and interpreted throughout, along with Peter, Martha, Mary, Zacchaeus, Levi, Matthew, and Paul. Clement also cites the pagan philosophers Anaxagoras, Democritus, and Crates as examples of people who gave up wealth for the wrong reasons. The work closes with the story of the apostle John and a young robber, offered as proof that no sinner is beyond hope. To follow the argument, know that Clement uses 'passions' for the disordered attachments of the soul, 'freedom from passions' for the state required for salvation, and 'worldly wealth' for what the Gospels call mammon of unrighteousness. Bible books follow the Septuagint names and Psalm numbering, so Gospel passages correspond to Mark 10:17-31, Matthew 19:16-30, and Luke 18:18-30 in modern Bibles.

New English from the Greek base text; no published English used as wording.

Printed text used

Translated from Clement of Alexandria Otto Stählin Stromata, Buch VII-VIII. Excerpta ex Theodoto. Eclogae prophetica. Hinrichs Leipzig 1909 Clemens Alexandrinus 3 (Greek)

This work has passed this project's source check. This is an AI-assisted study translation. Source fidelity and completeness have not been independently certified. Open Greek on each section for the source text. This is not a complete critical edition.