Why the census serves the plan of salvation
Chrysostom is answering an objector who asks what the census has to do with God's plan of salvation, and he now explains that the census forced Joseph and Mary to travel from Nazareth to Bethlehem so that Christ would be born where the prophets said he must be born.
And what does this contribute to the plan of salvation, someone says? It is not small, nor a matter of chance, beloved, but very great, and one of the necessary and urgent things. What is it then? Galilee is a region in Palestine, and Nazareth is a city of Galilee. Again, Judea is a region, so called by the inhabitants, and Bethlehem is a city of Judea. All the prophets foretold that Christ would come not from Nazareth, but from Bethlehem, and would be born there. For it is written: “And you, Bethlehem, land of Judah, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah; for out of you shall come a ruler who will shepherd my people Israel” (Micah 5:2). And the Jews of that time, when asked by Herod where Christ was to be born, gave him this testimony. For this reason, when Nathanael said to Philip—because Philip had said, “We have found Jesus of Nazareth”—“Can anything good come from Nazareth?” Christ says of him: “Behold, truly an Israelite in whom there is no deceit” (John 1:45-47). And why did he praise him? Because he was not carried away by Philip’s announcement, but knew clearly and precisely that Christ was not to be born in Nazareth or in Galilee, but in Judea and in Bethlehem—which is indeed what happened. Since Philip was ignorant of this, but Nathanael, being learned in the law, answered according to what had been said in the ancient prophecy, knowing that Christ would not come from Nazareth, for this reason Christ says: “Behold, truly an Israelite in whom there is no deceit.” For this reason some of the Jews said to Nicodemus: “Search and see that no prophet has been raised from Galilee” (John 7:52). And again elsewhere: “Does not Christ come from Bethlehem, the village where David was?” (John 7:42). And it was the common vote of all that he must certainly come from there, not from Galilee. Since Joseph and Mary were citizens of Bethlehem, but leaving that city they had established their life in Nazareth and were staying there—as indeed often happens with many people, who leave the cities where they were born and spend their time in other cities where they were not originally from—and since Christ had to be born in Bethlehem, the decree went out, pushing them even unwillingly into that city, God arranging the plan of salvation in this way. For the law commanding each person to register in his own fatherland forced them to rise from there—I mean from Nazareth—and come to Bethlehem to register. The Evangelist, hinting at this very thing, said: “And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and lineage of David, to register with Mary, his betrothed wife, who was with child. And while they were there, the days were fulfilled for her to give birth, and she gave birth to her firstborn son” (Luke 2:4-7).
Greek
Καὶ τί τοῦτο συντελεῖ πρὸς τὴν οἰκονομίαν ταύτην, φησίν; Οὐ μικρὸν, οὐδὲ τὸ τυχὸν, ἀγαπητὲ, ἀλλὰ καὶ σφόδρα μέγα, καὶ τῶν ἀναγκαίων καὶ σπουδαζομένων ἕν. Ποῖον δὴ τοῦτο; Ἡ Γαλιλαία χώρα τίς ἐστιν ἐν Παλαιστίνῃ, ἡ δὲ Ναζαρὲθ πόλις τῆς Γαλιλαίας. Πάλιν ἡ Ἰουδαία χώρα τίς ἐστι, παρὰ τῶν ἐγχωρίων οὕτω καλουμένη, ἡ δὲ Βηθλεὲμ πόλις τῆς Ἰουδαίας. Τὸν δὲ Χριστὸν οἱ προφῆται προὔλεγον ἅπαντες, οὐκ ἀπὸ τῆς Ναζαρὲθ, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῆς Βηθλεὲμ ἥξειν, καὶ ἐκεῖ τεχθήσεσθαι. Οὕτω γὰρ γέγραπται· Καὶ σὺ Βηθλεὲμ, γῆ Ἰούδα, οὐδαμῶς ἐλαχίστη εἶ ἐν τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν Ἰούδα· ἐκ σοῦ γὰρ ἐξελεύσεται ἡγούμενος, ὅστις ποιμανεῖ τὸν λαόν μου τὸν Ἰσραήλ. Καὶ οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι οἱ τότε παρὰ τοῦ Ἡρώδου ἐρωτώμενοι, ποῦ ὁ Χριστὸς γεννᾶται, ταύτην εἶπον αὐτῷ τὴν μαρτυρίαν. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τοῦ Ναθαναὴλ εἰπόντος πρὸς τὸν Φίλιππον, ἐπειδὴ ἐκεῖνος ἔλεγεν, Ἰησοῦν τὸν ἀπὸ Ναζαρὲθ εὑρήκαμεν, Ἐκ Ναζαρὲθ δύναταί τι ἀγαθὸν εἶναι; ὁ Χριστὸς περὶ αὐτοῦ φησιν· Ἴδε ἀληθῶς Ἰσραηλίτης ἐν ᾧ δόλος οὐκ ἔστι. Καὶ τίνος, φησὶν, ἕνεκεν αὐτὸν ἐπῄνεσεν; Ἐπειδὴ οὐ συνηρπάγη τῇ ἀπαγγελίᾳ τοῦ Φιλίππου, ἀλλ' ᾔδει σαφῶς καὶ ἀκριβῶς, ὅτι οὐκ ἐν Ναζαρὲθ, οὔτε ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ ἔδει τὸν Χριστὸν τεχθῆναι, ἀλλ' ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ καὶ ἐν τῇ Βηθλεέμ· ὅπερ οὖν καὶ ἐγένετο. Ἐπεὶ οὖν ὁ μὲν Φίλιππος τοῦτο ἠγνόησεν, ὁ δὲ Ναθαναὴλ, ἅτε νομομαθὴς ὢν, ἀπεκρίνατο τὰ κατὰ τὴν ἄνωθεν προφητείαν εἰρημένα, εἰδὼς, ὅτι οὐκ ἐκ Ναζαρὲθ ἥξει ὁ Χριστός· διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς, Ἴδε ἀληθῶς Ἰσραηλίτης, φησὶν, ἐν ᾧ δόλος οὐκ ἔστι. Διὰ τοῦτο καί τινες τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἔλεγον πρὸς τὸν Νικόδημον· Ἐρεύνησον, καὶ ἴδε, ὅτι προφήτης ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας οὐκ ἐγήγερται. Καὶ πάλιν ἀλλαχοῦ· Οὐκ ἀπὸ Βηθλεὲμ τῆς κώμης, ὅπου ἦν Δαυῒδ, ὁ Χριστὸς ἔρχεται. Καὶ κοινὴ πάντων ψῆφος ἦν, ὅτι πάντως ἐκεῖθεν αὐτὸν δεῖ παραγενέσθαι, οὐκ ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας. Ἐπεὶ οὖν ὁ Ἰωσὴφ καὶ ἡ Μαρία τῆς Βηθλεὲμ ὄν49.354 τες πολῖται, ἐκείνην ἀφέντες, ἐν τῇ Ναζαρὲθ τὸν βίον αὐτῶν κατεστήσαντο, κἀκεῖ διέτριβον (οἷα δὴ πολλὰ συμβαίνειν εἰκὸς ἐπὶ πολλῶν ἀνθρώπων, τὰς μὲν πόλεις, ὅθεν ἐγένοντο, καταλιμπανόντων, ἐν ἄλλαις δὲ, ἐν αἷς οὐκ ἐφύησαν παρὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν, διατριβόντων), ἔδει δὲ τὸν Χριστὸν ἐν Βηθλεὲμ τεχθῆναι· ἐξῆλθε τὸ δόγμα, καὶ ἄκοντας αὐτοὺς συνωθοῦν εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἐκείνην, τοῦ Θεοῦ οὕτως οἰκονομοῦντος. Ὁ γὰρ νόμος ὁ κελεύων ἕκαστον εἰς τὴν ἰδίαν ἀπογράψασθαι πατρίδα, ἠνάγκαζεν ἐκεῖθεν αὐτοὺς ἀνίστασθαι, ἀπὸ τῆς Ναζαρὲθ λέγω, καὶ ἔρχεσθαι εἰς τὴν Βηθλεὲμ, ὥστε ἀπογράφεσθαι. Τοῦτο γοῦν αὐτὸ αἰνιττόμενος καὶ ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, ἔλεγεν· Ἀνέβη δὲ καὶ ὁ Ἰωσὴφ ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας, ἐκ πόλεως Ναζαρὲθ, εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν, εἰς πόλιν Δαυῒδ, ἥτις καλεῖται Βηθλεὲμ, διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν ἐξ οἴκου καὶ πατριᾶς Δαυῒδ, ἀπογράφεσθαι σὺν Μαριὰμ τῇ μεμνηστευμένῃ αὐτῷ γυναικὶ οὔσῃ ἐγκύῳ. Καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἐκεῖ, ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ τεκεῖν αὐτὴν, καὶ ἔτεκε τὸν υἱὸν αὑτῆς τὸν πρωτότοκον.