Three proofs that this is the time of Christ's birth
Chrysostom is addressing the congregation on the feast day, and now begins to offer proofs that the present day is truly the time when Christ was born.
Come then, let us set this discussion in motion. For if a day that is disputed enjoys such goodwill from you, it is clear that if it became better known, it would enjoy far greater zeal, since clarity in teaching produces in you a deeper devotion to it. I can offer three proofs by which we will know with certainty that this is the season in which our Lord Jesus Christ, God the Word, was born. Of these three, one proof is this: the feast has been announced everywhere so quickly, has risen to such heights, and has blossomed. And what Gamaliel said about the preaching—that if it is from men, it will be destroyed, but if it is from God, you cannot destroy it, lest you be found fighting against God (Acts 5:38-39)—this I too would say with confidence about this day: since God the Word is from God, for this reason it has not only not been destroyed, but it advances year by year and becomes more splendid. For the preaching also overtook the whole world in a few years, even though vagrants, fishermen, unlettered men, and ordinary men carried it everywhere. But the lowliness of those who served did no harm, because the power of the One being proclaimed took hold of everything in advance, removed every obstacle, and displayed its own strength.
But if some contentious person will not accept what has been said, I can offer a second proof. What is it? The one from the census recorded in the Gospels. For the Evangelist says: In those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be registered. This was the first census, when Quirinius was governor of Syria. And all went to be registered, each to his own city. And Joseph also went up from Galilee, from the city of Nazareth, to Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and lineage of David, to be registered with Mary, his betrothed, who was with child. And while they were there, the days were fulfilled for her to give birth. And she gave birth to her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling cloths, and laid him in the manger, because there was no place for them in the inn (Luke 2:1-7). From this it is clear that He was born at the time of the first census. And anyone who wishes can consult the ancient public records in Rome, learn the time of the census, and know it precisely. But what does this have to do with us, someone says, since we were not there and did not attend? Listen, and do not disbelieve: we have received the day from those who know these things precisely and who dwell in that city. For those who live there, celebrating it from the beginning and from ancient tradition, have now sent us the knowledge of it. The Evangelist did not mark this time without purpose, but to make the day clear and known to us, and to reveal God's plan of salvation. For Augustus did not issue that decree on his own or from himself, but God moved his soul, so that even unwillingly he might serve the coming of the Only-Begotten.
Greek
Φέρε οὖν, τὸν περὶ τούτων κινήσωμεν λόγον. Εἰ γὰρ ἀμφισβητουμένη τοσαύτης ἀπολαύει παρ' ὑμῶν εὐνοίας, εἰ γένοιτο γνωριμωτέρα, εὔδηλον ὅτι πολλῷ πλείονος σπουδῆς ἀπολαύσεται, τῆς κατὰ τὴν διδασκαλίαν σαφηνείας πλείονα τὴν περὶ αὐτὴν διάθεσιν ἐργαζομένης ὑμῖν. Ἔχω τοίνυν τρεῖς ἀποδείξεις εἰπεῖν, δι' ὧν εἰσόμεθα πάντως, ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ καιρὸς, καθ' ὃν ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς ὁ Θεὸς Λόγος ἐτέχθη. Καὶ τῶν τριῶν τούτων μία μὲν ἔστιν ἀπόδειξις, τὸ ταχέως οὕτω πανταχοῦ περιαγγελθῆναι, καὶ πρὸς ὕψος ἐπιδοῦναι τοσοῦτον, καὶ ἀνθῆσαι τὴν ἑορτήν· καὶ ὅπερ ὁ Γαμαλιὴλ ἔλεγε περὶ τοῦ κηρύγματος, ὅτι Εἰ ἔστιν ἐξ ἀνθρώπων, καταλυθήσεται, εἰ δὲ ἐκ Θεοῦ ἐστιν, οὐ δύνασθε καταλῦσαι αὐτὸ, μήποτε καὶ θεομάχοι εὑρεθῆτε· τοῦτο κἀγὼ περὶ τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης εἴποιμι ἂν θαῤῥῶν, ὅτι, ἐπειδὴ ἐκ Θεοῦ Θεὸς Λόγος ἐστὶ, διὰ τοῦτο οὐ μόνον οὐ κατελύθη, ἀλλὰ καὶ καθ' ἕκαστον ἔτος ἐπιδίδωσι, καὶ λαμπροτέρα γίνεται· ἐπεὶ καὶ τὸ κήρυγμα ἐν ὀλίγοις ἔτεσι τὴν πᾶσαν κατέλαβεν οἰκουμένην, καίτοι σκηνοποιῶν, ἁλιέων, ἀγραμμάτων, ἰδιωτῶν πανταχοῦ διακομιζόντων αὐτό· ἀλλ' οὐδὲν ἔβλαπτεν ἡ τῶν διακονούντων εὐτέλεια, τῆς τοῦ κηρυττομένου δυνάμεως πάντα προκαταλαμβανούσης, καὶ τὰ κωλύματα ἀναιρούσης, καὶ τὴν οἰκείαν ἐπιδεικνυμένης ἰσχύν. βʹ. Εἰ δέ τις τῶν φιλονείκων οὐκ ἀνέχοιτο τῶν εἰρημένων, ἔστι καὶ δευτέραν εἰπεῖν. Ποίαν δὴ ταύτην; Τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀπογραφῆς τῆς ἐν τοῖς Εὐαγγελίοις κειμένης. Ἐγένετο γὰρ, φησὶν ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις, ἐξῆλθε δόγμα παρὰ Καίσαρος Αὐγούστου, ἀπογράφεσθαι πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκουμένην. Αὕτη ἡ ἀπογραφὴ πρώτη ἐγένετο ἡγεμονεύοντος τῆς Συρίας Κυρηνίου. Καὶ ἐπορεύοντο πάντες ἀπογράφεσθαι, ἕκαστος εἰς τὴν ἰδίαν πόλιν. Ἀνέβη δὲ καὶ Ἰωσὴφ ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας, ἐκ πόλεως Ναζαρὲθ, εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν, εἰς πόλιν Δαυῒδ, ἥτις καλεῖται Βηθλεὲμ, διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν ἐξ οἴκου καὶ πατριᾶς Δαυῒδ, ἀπογράφεσθαι σὺν Μαριὰμ τῇ μεμνηστευμένῃ αὐτῷ γυναικὶ οὔσῃ ἐγ κύῳ. Ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν τῷ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἐκεῖ, ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ τεκεῖν αὐτήν· καὶ ἔτεκε τὸν υἱὸν αὑτῆς τὸν πρωτότοκον, καὶ ἐσπαργάνωσεν αὐτὸν, καὶ ἀνέκλινεν αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ φάτνῃ, διότι οὐκ ἦν αὐτοῖς τόπος ἐν τῷ καταλύματι. Ὅθεν δῆλον, ὅτι κατὰ τὴν πρώτην ἀπογραφὴν ἐτέχθη. Καὶ τοῖς ἀρχαίοις τοῖς δημοσίᾳ κειμένοις κώδιξιν ἐπὶ τῆς Ῥώμης ἔξεστιν ἐντυχόντα καὶ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς ἀπογραφῆς μαθόντα, ἀκριβῶς εἰδέναι τὸν βουλόμενον. Τί οὖν πρὸς ἡμᾶς, φησὶ, τοῦτο τοὺς οὐκ ὄντας ἐκεῖ οὔτε παραγενομένους; Ἀλλ' ἄκουε, καὶ μὴ ἀπίστει, ὅτι παρὰ τῶν ἀκριβῶς ταῦτα εἰδότων, καὶ τὴν πόλιν ἐκείνην οἰκούντων παρειλήφαμεν τὴν ἡμέραν. Οἱ γὰρ ἐκεῖ διατρίβοντες, ἄνωθεν καὶ ἐκ παλαιᾶς παραδόσεως αὐτὴν ἐπιτελοῦντες, αὐτοὶ νῦν αὐτῆς ἡμῖν τὴν γνῶσιν διεπέμψαντο. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς ἁπλῶς τὸν καιρὸν ἐπεσημήνατο τοῦτον, ἀλλ' ὥστε καὶ τὴν ἡμέραν ἡμῖν δήλην ποιῆσαι καὶ γνώριμον, καὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν οἰκονομίαν ἐνδείξασθαι. Οὐ γὰρ οἴκοθεν, οὐδὲ παρ' ἑαυτοῦ τότε ὁ Αὔγουστος τὸ δόγμα τοῦτο ἐξέπεμψεν, ἀλλὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ κινοῦντος αὐτοῦ τὴν ψυχὴν, ἵνα καὶ ἄκων ὑπηρετήσηται τῇ τοῦ Μονογενοῦς παρουσίᾳ.