Synodal Letter to the Bishops of Africa · §3 · Athanasius of Alexandria

Ariminum's deposed leaders versus Nicaea's sound faith

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Athanasius is comparing the Council of Ariminum with the Council of Nicaea, arguing that Ariminum's leaders were deposed and that Nicaea's terms express Scripture's teaching about the Son.

So if some people appeal to Ariminum, let them first show the deposition of the men named above, and what the bishops wrote when they said they sought nothing more than what the Fathers had confessed at Nicaea and recognized no other council besides that one. But they hide these things and put forward what was done by force in Thrace. By this they show themselves to be hypocrites of the Arian heresy and strangers to the sound faith. And if someone wanted to compare that great council with theirs side by side, he would find piety in the one and unreason in the other. Those who gathered at Nicaea did not gather as deposed men; rather, they confessed that the Son is of the substance of the Father. But these men, deposed once, twice, and a third time at Ariminum itself, dared to write that one should not say that God has substance or actual being. From this you can see, brothers, that the men at Nicaea breathe the Scriptures, since God himself says in Exodus, "I am who I am" (Exodus 3:14), and through Jeremiah, "Who has stood in his actual being and seen his word?" (Jeremiah 23:18), and a little later, "If they had stood in my actual being, they would have heard my words" (Jeremiah 23:22). Now actual being is substance, and it signifies nothing other than that which is. Jeremiah calls this existence when he says, "They did not hear the voice of existence" (Jeremiah 9:10). For actual being and substance are existence: it is and it exists. Paul understood this and wrote to the Hebrews, "He is the radiance of his glory and the imprint of his actual being" (Hebrews 1:3). But these men who think they know the Scriptures and call themselves wise refuse to speak of actual being in God—for this is what they wrote at Ariminum and in their other councils. How were they not justly deposed, when they themselves say, like the fool in his heart, "There is no God" (Psalm 14:1)? Again, the Fathers taught at Nicaea that the Son, the Word, is not a creature or a thing made, since they read, "All things came into being through him" (John 1:3), and, "In him all things were created and hold together" (Colossians 1:16-17). But these men, who are Arians rather than Christians, have dared in their other councils to call him a creature and one of the things made—things of which the Word himself is the maker and creator. For if all things came into being through him, and he himself is a creature, then he would be creating himself. How can what is created create? Or how can the creator be created? But they are not ashamed even when they say such things, for which they are hated by everyone. They simply name Ariminum, but they are shown to have been deposed even there. And as for what was written at Nicaea, that the Son is consubstantial with the Father—this is the very thing for which they pretend to fight against the council, and they buzz around the word everywhere like gnats. Either they do not understand it and stumble over it, like those who stumble over the stone of stumbling placed in Zion (Isaiah 8:14), or they do understand it, and that is why they fight and constantly grumble: because it is truly the precise condemnation of their heresy.

Greek

Εἴπερ οὖν τινες τὴν Ἀρίμηνον ὀνομάζουσι, δεικνύτωσαν πρῶτον τὴν καθαίρεσιν τῶν προειρημένων, καὶ ἅπερ ἔγραψαν οἱ ἐπίσκοποι, λέγοντες μηδὲν πλέον ζητεῖν τῶν ἐν Νικαίᾳ παρὰ τῶν Πατέρων ὁμολογη θέντων, μηδὲ ὀνομάζειν ἄλλην σύνοδον παρ' ἐκείνην. Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν κρύπτουσι, τὰ δὲ ἐν τῇ Θρᾴκῃ κατὰ βίαν πραχθέντα προβάλλονται· ἐξ ὧν δείκνυνται, τῆς μὲν Ἀρειανῆς αἱρέσεως ὄντες ὑποκριταὶ, ἀλλότριοι δὲ τῆς ὑγιαινούσης πίστεως. Καὶ αὐτὴν δὲ τὴν με γάλην σύνοδον, καὶ τὰς παρ' ἐκείνων ἄν τις ἐξετάζειν ἐκ παραλλήλου θέλοι, εὕροι ἂν τῶν μὲν τὴν θεοσέβειαν, τῶν δὲ τὴν ἀλογίαν. Οἱ ἐν Νικαίᾳ συνελθόν τες οὐ καθαιρεθέντες συνῆλθον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὡμολόγη σαν τῆς οὐσίας τοῦ Πατρὸς εἶναι τὸν Υἱόν· οὗτοι δὲ καὶ ἅπαξ καὶ δεύτερον καθαιρεθέντες, καὶ τρίτον ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ Ἀριμήνῳ, γράφειν ἐτόλμησαν, μὴ χρῆναι λέγειν οὐσίαν ἢ ὑπόστασιν ἔχειν τὸν Θεόν. Ἐκ δὴ τούτων σκοπεῖν ἔξεστιν, ἀδελφοὶ, ὡς οἱ μὲν ἐν Νικαίᾳ τῶν Γραφῶν πνέουσι, λέγοντος αὐτοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν μὲν τῇ Ἐξόδῳ· Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ὤν· διὰ δὲ τοῦ Ἱερεμίου· Τίς ἐστιν ἐν ὑποστήματι αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἶδε τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ; καὶ μετ' ὀλίγον· Καὶ εἰ ἔστησαν ἐν τῇ ὑποστάσει μου, καὶ ἤκουσαν τῶν λόγων μου. Ἡ δὲ ὑπόστασις οὐσία ἐστὶ, καὶ οὐδὲν ἄλλο σημαινόμενον ἔχει ἢ αὐτὸ τὸ ὄν· ὅπερ Ἱερεμίας ὕπαρξιν ὀνομάζει λέγων· Καὶ οὐκ ἤκουσαν φωνὴν ὑπάρξεως. Ἡ γὰρ ὑπόστασις καὶ ἡ οὐσία ὕπαρξίς ἐστιν. Ἔστι γὰρ καὶ ὑπάρχει. Τοῦτο νοῶν καὶ ὁ Παῦλος, ἔγραψεν Ἑβραίοις· Ὃς ὢν ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης, καὶ χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ. Οὗ τοι δὲ οἱ δοκοῦντες εἰδέναι τὰς Γραφὰς, καὶ ὀνομάζοντες ἑαυτοὺς εἶναι σοφοὺς, μὴ θέλοντες ὑπόστασιν λέγειν ἐπὶ Θεοῦ (τοῦτο γὰρ ἔγραψαν ἐν τῇ Ἀριμήνῳ καὶ ἐν ἄλλαις ἑαυτῶν συνόδοις), πῶς οὐ δικαίως καθῃρέθησαν, λέγοντες καὶ αὐτοὶ, ὡς ἄφρων ἐν καρδίᾳ, Οὐκ ἔστι Θεός; Πάλιν τε οἱ Πατέρες ἐδίδαξαν ἐν τῇ Νικαίᾳ μὴ εἶναι κτίσμα ἢ ποίημα τὸν Υἱὸν Λόγον, ἀναγνόντες· Πάντα δι' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο· καὶ, Ἐν αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα ἐκτίσθη καὶ συνέστηκεν. Οὗτοι δὲ οἱ μᾶλλον Ἀρειανοὶ ἢ Χριστιανοὶ ὄντες, ἐν ταῖς ἄλλαις ἑαυτῶν συνόδοις κτίσμα τετολμήκασιν εἰπεῖν αὐτὸν, καὶ ἕνα τῶν ποιημάτων, ὧν αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ Λόγος δημιουργὸς καὶ ποιητής. Εἰ γὰρ δι' αὐτοῦ τὰ πάντα γέγονε, κτίσμα δέ ἐστι καὶ αὐτός· εἴη ἂν καὶ ἑαυτὸν κτίζων. Καὶ πῶς δύναται τὸ κτιζόμενον, κτίζειν; ἢ πῶς ὁ κτίζων κτίζεται; Ἀλλ' οὐδὲ οὕτως αἰσχύνονται, τοιαῦτα λέγοντες, ἐφ' οἷς μισητοὶ καὶ παρὰ πᾶσίν εἰσιν, ὀνομάζοντες μὲν ἁπλῶς Ἀρίμηνον, δεικνύμενοι δὲ καὶ ἐν αὐτῇ καθαιρεθέντες. Καὶ αὐτὸ δὲ τὸ ἐν Νικαίᾳ γεγραμμένον, ὁμοούσιον εἶναι τὸν Υἱὸν τῷ Πατρὶ, οὗ χάριν προσποιοῦνται μάχεσθαι πρὸς τὴν σύνοδον, καὶ περιβομβοῦσιν, ὡς κώνωπες, πανταχοῦ περὶ τῆς λέξεως, ἢ ὡς ἀγνοοῦντες προσκόπτουσιν εἰς αὐτὸ, ὡς οἱ προσκόπτοντες εἰς τὸν τεθέντα λίθον ἐν Σιὼν προσκόμματος· ἢ γινώσκουσι μὲν, διὰ τοῦτο δὲ μάχονται καὶ συνεχῶς γογγύζουσιν, ὅτι κατὰ τῆς αἱρέσεώς ἐστιν αὐτῶν ἀληθῶς αὕτη καὶ ἀκριβὴς ἀπόφασις.