The tomb of Zeus in Crete
After this he says of us that we “laugh at those who worship Zeus, because his tomb is shown in Crete, and none the less revere the one from the tomb, not knowing how and in what sense the Cretans do such a thing.” Notice, then, that in these words he makes a defence for the Cretans, for Zeus and for his tomb, hinting at figurative meanings according to which the myth about Zeus is said to have been fashioned; but he accuses us, who admit that our Jesus was buried but declare that he was also raised from the tomb, which is something the Cretans do not go on to relate about Zeus.
Since he seems to plead for the tomb of Zeus in Crete when he says, “not knowing how and in what sense the Cretans do this,” we shall answer that even Callimachus of Cyrene, who read a vast number of poems and gathered up almost the whole of Greek history, knows of no figurative interpretation in the stories about Zeus and his tomb. That is why he reproaches the Cretans in the hymn he wrote to Zeus, saying: “Cretans are always liars; for the Cretans even built a tomb, O lord, for you; but you did not die, for you are for ever” (Callimachus, Hymn to Zeus 8–9).
Yet the man who said, “you did not die, for you are for ever,” while denying that Zeus was buried in Crete, records that the beginning of death came about for Zeus; for the beginning of death is birth upon earth. He speaks thus: “Among the Parrhasians Rhea lay down and bore you” (Callimachus, Hymn to Zeus 10). Since he denied the birth of Zeus in Crete because of his tomb, he ought to have seen that from his birth in Arcadia it followed that the one who had been born should also die. Callimachus also says this about these matters: “Zeus, some say you were born on the mountains of Ida; Zeus, others say in Arcadia. Which of them, father, have lied? Cretans are always liars” (Callimachus, Hymn to Zeus 6–8), and so on.
Celsus has led us into these matters by his unfairness about Jesus. He agrees with what is written, that he died and was buried, but he regards it as a fiction that he also rose from the dead, and this although countless prophets foretold this too, and there are many signs of his appearing after death.
Greek
Μετὰ ταῦτα λέγει περὶ ἡμῶν ὅτι καταγελῶμεν τῶν προσκυνούντων τὸν Δία, ἐπεὶ τάφος αὐτοῦ ἐν Κρήτῃ δείκνυται, καὶ οὐδὲν ἧττον σέβομεν τὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ τάφου. οὐκ εἰδότες, πῶς καὶ καθὸ Κρῆτες τὸ τοιοῦτον ποιοῦσιν. ὅρα οὖν ὅτι ἐν τούτοις ἀπολογεῖται μὲν περὶ Κρητῶν καὶ τοῦ Διὸς καὶ τοῦ τάφου αὐτοῦ. αἰνιττόμενος τροπικὰς ὑπονοίας, καθ᾿ ἃς πεπλάσθαι λέγεται ὁ περὶ τοῦ Διὸς μῦθος· ἡμῶν δὲ κατηγορεῖ, ὁμολογούντων μὲν τετάφθαι τὸν ἡμέτερον Ἰησοῦν φασκόντων δὲ καὶ ἐγηγέρθαι αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ τάφου, ὅπερ Κρῆτες οὐκέτι περὶ τοῦ Διὸς ἱστοροῦσιν. ἐπεὶ δὲ δοκεῖ συναγορεύειν τῷ ἐν Κρήτῃ τάφῳ τοῦ Διὸς λέγων· ὅπως μὲν καὶ καθότι Κρῆτες τοῦτο ποιοῦσιν, οὐκ εἰδότες, φήσομεν ὅτι καὶ ὁ Κυρηναῖος Καλλίμαχος, πλεῖστα ὅσα ἀναγνοὺς ποιήματα καὶ ἱστορίαν σχεδὸν πᾶσαν ἀναλεξάμενος Ἑλληνικὴν, οὐδεμίαν οἶδε τροπολογίαν ἐν τοῖς περὶ Διὸς καὶ τοῦ τάφου αὐτοῦ. διὸ καὶ ἐγκαλεῖ τοῖς Κρησὶν ἐν τῷ εἰς τὸν Δία γραφέντι αὐτῷ ὕμνῳ λέγων· Κρῆτες ἀεὶ ψεῦσται· καὶ γὰρ τάφον, ὦ ἄνα. σεῖο Κρῆτες ἐτεκτήναντο· σὺ δ᾿ οὐ θάνες. ἐσσὶ γὰρ αἰεί. καὶ ὁ εἰπὼν „σὺ δ᾿ οὐ θάνες, ἐσσὶ γὰρ αἰεὶ.“ ἀρνησάμενος τὴν ἐν Κρήτῃ ταφὴν τοῦ Διὸς, τὴν ἀρχὴν τοῦ θανάτου ἱστορεῖ γεγονέναι περὶ τὸν Δία. ἀρχὴ δὲ θανάτου ἡ ἐπὶ γῆς γένεσις· λέγει δὲ οὕτως· ἐν δέ σε Παῤῥασίοις Ῥείη τέκεν εὐνηθεῖσα. ἐχρῆν δ᾿ αὐτὸν, ὡς ἠρνήσατο τὴν ἐν Κρήτῃ γένεσιν τοῦ Διὸς διὰ τὸν τάφον αὐτοῦ, ὁρᾶν ὅτι ἠκολούθει τῇ ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ γενέσει αὐτοῦ τὸ καὶ ἀποθανεῖν τὸν γεγεννημένον. τοιαῦτα δὲ καὶ περὶ τούτων λέγει ὁ Καλλίμαχος· Ζεῦ. σὲ μὲν Ἰδαίοισιν ἐν οὔρεσί φασι γενέσθαι, Ζεῦ, σὲ δ᾿ ἐν Ἀρκαδίῃ· πότεροι, πάτερ, ἐψεύσαντο; Κρῆτες ἀεὶ ψεῦσται· καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς. εἰς ταῦτα δ᾿ ἡμᾶς ἤγαγεν ὁ Κέλσος. ἀγνωμονῶν περὶ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ καὶ συγκατατιθέμενος μὲν τοῖς γεγραμμένοις, ὅτι ἀπέθανε καὶ ἐτάφη, πλάσμα δ᾿ ἡγούμενος εἶναι ὅτι καὶ ἀνέστη ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν, καὶ ταῦτα μυρίων προφητῶν καὶ τοῦτο προειρηκότων καὶ πολλῶν ὄντων σημείων τῆς μετὰ θάνατον ἐπιφανείας αὐτοῦ.