The Son's fleshly sonship and the Spirit's divinity
Marcellus continues his argument that the Son's human sonship is by the plan of salvation while his divine sonship is by nature, and he now turns to the divinity of the Holy Spirit.
So the Son of God also tastes death because of his fleshly father, so that the sons of man might share in the life of God because of their Father according to the Spirit, God. He is therefore Son of God by nature, but we are sons by grace. And again, he became a son of Adam by the plan of salvation and for our sake, while we are sons of Adam by nature. Therefore he says, “I am going to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God” (John 20:17). For God is his Father, as I said before, by nature, but ours by grace; and God became his God by the plan of salvation, because he is man, but for us he is by nature Master and God. And for this reason the Word and Son of the Father, united to flesh, became flesh, a complete man, so that human beings, united to the Spirit, might become one Spirit. He therefore is God bearing flesh, and we are human beings bearing Spirit. For he took firstfruits from the substance of human beings, that is, from the seed of Adam—which is the form of a servant—and having come in the likeness of a human being, he gave us from the substance of the Father a firstfruits of the Holy Spirit, so that we might all become sons of God in the likeness of the Son of God. He therefore, the true and natural Son of God, bears all of us, so that all of us might carry the one God. It is therefore impious to call the Spirit of God a creature or something made, when all Scripture, both Old and New, numbers and glorifies it together with the Father and the Son, because it is of the same divinity and the same authority. As the Lord himself says, “Whoever believes in me, rivers of living water will flow from his belly” (John 7:38). He said this about the Spirit, which those who believed in him were about to receive (John 7:39). As he also says in Joel, in the person of the Father, “I will pour out from my Spirit on all flesh, and your sons and your daughters will prophesy” (Joel 2:28). And for this reason he breathes it into the face of the apostles, saying, “Receive the Holy Spirit” (John 20:22), so that we might learn that the Spirit given to the disciples is from the fullness of deity. For in Christ, he says—that is, in his flesh—all the fullness of deity dwells bodily (Colossians 2:9). As John the Baptist also says, “We have all received from his fullness” (John 1:16). For the Holy Spirit appeared in bodily form, that is, as a dove, descending and remaining on him. In us dwells a firstfruits and guarantee of deity, but in Christ all the fullness of deity. And let no one suppose that he received it though he did not have it; for he himself sent it from above, as God, and he himself received it below, as man. From himself, therefore, it descended into himself—from his divinity into his humanity. And Isaiah cries out in the person of the Father, saying, “Thus says the Lord your God, who made you and formed you from the womb: Do not fear, my servant Jacob, and beloved Israel, whom I have chosen; for I will give water in thirst to those who walk in a waterless land; I will put my Spirit upon your seed, and my blessings upon your children” (Isaiah 44:2-3).
Greek
Ὅθεν καὶ θανάτου γεύεται ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ διὰ τὸν σαρκικὸν αὐτοῦ πατέρα, ἵνα οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ μεταλάβωσι, διὰ τὸν κατὰ Πνεῦμα αὐτῶν Πατέρα Θεόν· Αὐτὸς οὖν κατὰ φύσιν Υἱός ἐστι τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἡμεῖς δὲ κατὰ χάριν. Καὶ πάλιν αὐτὸς κατ' οἰκονομίαν καὶ χάριν ἡμετέραν υἱὸς γέγονε τοῦ Ἀδὰμ, ἡμεῖς δὲ κατὰ φύσιν ἐσμὲν υἱοὶ τοῦ Ἀδάμ. Ὅθεν λέγει, Ἀπέρχομαι πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα μου καὶ Πατέρα ὑμῶν, καὶ Θεόν μου, καὶ Θεὸν ὑμῶν. Πατὴρ γὰρ αὐτοῦ ἐστιν ὁ Θεὸς, ὡς προεῖπον, κατὰ φύσιν, ἡμῶν δὲ κατὰ χάριν· καὶ Θεὸς αὐτοῦ γέγονε κατ' οἰκονομίαν, διότι ἄνθρωπος, ἡμῶν δὲ κατὰ φύσιν Δεσπότης ἐστὶ καὶ Θεός. Καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ὁ Λόγος καὶ Υἱὸς τοῦ Πατρὸς ἑνωθεὶς σαρκὶ, γέγονε σὰρξ, ἄνθρωπος τέλειος, ἵνα οἱ ἄνθρωποι ἑνωθέντες Πνεύματι, γένωνται ἓν Πνεῦμα. Αὐτὸς οὖν ἐστι Θεὸς σαρκοφόρος, καὶ ἡμεῖς ἄνθρωποι πνευματοφόροι. Ἀπαρχὴν γὰρ λαβὼν ἐκ τῆς οὐσίας τῶν ἀνθρώπων, τουτέστιν ἐκ τοῦ σπέρματος Ἀδὰμ (ἥτις ἐστὶ μορφὴ δούλου), 997 καὶ ἐν ὁμοιώματι ἀνθρώπου γεγονὼς, ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν ἐκ τῆς οὐσίας τοῦ Πατρὸς, ἀπαρχὴν ἁγίου Πνεύματος· ἵνα γενώμεθα οἱ πάντες εἰς υἱοὺς Θεοῦ, ἐν ὁμοιώματι τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ. Αὐτὸς οὖν ὁ ἀληθινὸς καὶ φύσει Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ τοὺς πάντας ἡμᾶς φορεῖ, ἵνα οἱ πάντες τὸν ἕνα φορέσωμεν Θεόν. Ἀσεβὲς οὖν ἐστι κτιστὸν ἢ ποιητὸν λέγειν τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ Θεοῦ· ὁπότε πᾶσα Γραφὴ Παλαιά τε καὶ Καινὴ, μετὰ Πατρὸς καὶ Υἱοῦ αὐτὸ συναριθμεῖ καὶ δοξάζει· διότι τῆς αὐτῆς θεότητός ἐστι, καὶ τῆς αὐτῆς ἐξουσίας· καθὼς αὐτὸς ὁ Κύριος λέγει· Ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ, ποταμοὶ ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας αὐτοῦ ῥεύσουσιν ὕδατος ζῶντος. Τοῦτο δὲ εἶπε περὶ τοῦ Πνεύματος, οὗ ἔμελλον λαμβάνειν οἱ πιστεύοντες εἰς αὐτόν· ὡς καὶ ἐν τῷ Ἰωὴλ ἐκ προσώπου τοῦ Πατρὸς λέγει· Ἐκχεῶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Πνεύματός μου ἐπὶ πᾶσαν σάρκα, καὶ προφητεύσουσιν οἱ υἱοὶ ὑμῶν καὶ αἱ θυγατέρες ὑμῶν. Καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐμφυσᾷ αὐτὸ εἰς τὸ πρόσωπον τῶν ἀποστόλων λέγων· Λάβετε Πνεῦμα ἅγιον· ἵνα μάθωμεν, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ πληρώματος τῆς θεότητός ἐστι τὸ διδόμενον Πνεῦμα τοῖς μαθηταῖς. Ἐν Χριστῷ γὰρ, φησὶ, κατοικεῖ, τουτέστιν ἐν τῇ σαρκὶ αὐτοῦ, πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα τῆς θεότητος σωματικῶς· καθὼς καὶ ὁ Βαπτιστὴς Ἰωάννης λέγει· Ἡμεῖς πάντες ἐκ τοῦ πληρώματος αὐτοῦ ἐλάβομεν. Σωματικῷ γὰρ εἴδει, τουτέστιν ὡς περιστερὰ, ὤφθη τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον, καταβαῖνον καὶ μένον ἐπ' αὐτόν. Ἐν ἡμῖν μὲν γὰρ ἀπαρχὴ καὶ ἀῤῥαβὼν θεότητος κατοικεῖ, ἐν Χριστῷ δὲ πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα τῆς θεότητος. Καὶ μή τις νομίσῃ, ὅτι μὴ ἔχων αὐτὸ ἐλάμβανεν· αὐτὸς γὰρ αὐτὸ ἄνωθεν ἔπεμπεν, ὡς Θεός· καὶ αὐτὸς αὐτὸ κάτω ὑπεδέχετο, ὡς ἄνθρωπος. Ἐξ αὐτοῦ οὖν εἰς αὐτὸν κατῄει, ἐκ τῆς θεότητος αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν ἀνθρωπότητα αὐτοῦ. Καὶ ὁ μὲν Ἡσαΐας ἐκ προσώπου τοῦ Πατρὸς βοᾷ λέγων· Οὕτω λέγει Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου, ὁ ποιήσας σε καὶ πλάσας σε ἐκ κοιλίας· Μὴ φοβοῦ, ὁ παῖς μου Ἰακὼβ, καὶ ὁ ἠγαπημένος Ἰσραὴλ, ὃν ἐξελεξάμην· ὅτι ἐγὼ δώσω ὕδωρ ἐν δίψει τοῖς πορευομένοις ἐν ἀνύδρῳ· ἐπιθήσω τὸ Πνεῦμά μου ἐπὶ τὸ σπέρμα σου, καὶ τὰς εὐλογίας μου ἐπὶ τὰ τέκνα σου.