The Spirit shares the divine works of guiding, calling, and speaking
Marcellus continues his argument that the Holy Spirit is uncreated and equal to the Father and the Son by showing that Scripture attributes the same divine works—guiding Israel, calling apostles, and speaking through prophets—to all three persons.
But the Scripture does not decline to call the Holy Spirit good, as David says: “Your good Spirit will guide me on level ground” (Psalm 143:10). And again, when the Lord says of himself, “I am the living bread that came down from heaven” (John 6:51), elsewhere Scripture calls the Holy Spirit heavenly bread, saying, “Our daily bread give us today” (Matthew 6:11). For in the prayer he taught us to ask in this present age for the daily bread—that is, the bread of the age to come—of which we have the firstfruits in this present life by partaking of the flesh of the Lord, as he himself said: “The bread that I will give is my flesh, for the life of the world” (John 6:51). For the flesh of the Lord is life-giving spirit, because it was conceived from the life-giving Spirit. For what is born of the Spirit is spirit (John 3:6).
And when Jeremiah says about God that he guided Israel in the wilderness—“And you did not say, Where is the Lord who brought us up from the land of Egypt, who led us in the wilderness?” (Jeremiah 2:6)—Isaiah says that the Holy Spirit guided Israel in the wilderness. You can hear him say: “He led them through the deep as a horse through the wilderness, and they did not grow weary, and like cattle through the plain. And the Spirit came down from the Lord and guided them” (Isaiah 63:13-14). But to the Corinthians the apostle writes that Christ was the one guiding: “For they drank from the spiritual rock that followed, and the rock was Christ” (1 Corinthians 10:4).
And when Paul says that he was called by God—“God,” he says, “who set me apart from my mother's womb and called me by his grace, was pleased to reveal his Son in me, so that I might preach him among the Gentiles” (Galatians 1:15-16)—he says that the Romans were called by Christ, writing to them: “Among whom you also are called of Jesus Christ” (Romans 1:6). But the Holy Spirit, it says, called Paul and Barnabas to preach Christ to the Gentiles. And what is remarkable: Jesus said to Paul in the temple, “Go, for I am sending you far away to the Gentiles” (Acts 22:21), and Paul writes to the Galatians, “Paul, an apostle not from men nor through man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised him from the dead” (Galatians 1:1), and a little later, “I make known to you, brothers, this gospel, that it is not according to man; for I did not receive it from man, nor was I taught it, but through a revelation of Jesus Christ” (Galatians 1:11-12). Yet the Holy Spirit is the one who appears sending Paul and Barnabas to preach Christ to the Gentiles.
And sometimes the prophets speak from the person of the Father, as when God says in the Psalms: “Once I swore in my holy one, I will not lie to David: his seed will remain forever, and his throne as the sun before me” (Psalm 89:35-36); and again: “From the fruit of your body I will set one on your throne” (Psalm 132:11). And as Peter said: “Therefore David, being a prophet and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him that from the fruit of his body he would seat the Christ on his throne according to the flesh” (Acts 2:30). But sometimes they speak from the person of the Son, as when Isaiah says: “Thus says the Lord: Because of you my name is continually blasphemed among the Gentiles” (Isaiah 52:5).
Greek
Τὸ δὲ ἅγιον Πνεῦμα οὐ παραιτεῖται ἡ Γραφὴ καλεῖν ἀγαθὸν, κατὰ τὸν Δαβὶδ τὸν λέγοντα· Τὸ Πνεῦμά σου τὸ ἀγαθὸν ὁδηγήσει με ἐν γῇ εὐθείᾳ. Καὶ ὅτε πάλιν ὁ Κύριος λέγει περὶ ἑαυτοῦ· Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ζῶν, ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς. Ἀλλαχοῦ τὸ ἅγιον Πνεῦμα καλεῖ ἄρτον οὐράνιον λέγων· Τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον. Ἐδίδαξε γὰρ ἡμᾶς ἐν τῇ εὐχῇ ἐν τῷ νῦν αἰῶνι αἰτεῖν τὸν ἐπιούσιον ἄρτον, τουτέστι τὸν μέλλοντα, οὗ ἀπαρχὴν ἔχομεν ἐν τῇ νῦν ζωῇ, τῆς σαρκὸς τοῦ Κυρίου μεταλαμβάνοντες, καθὼς αὐτὸς εἶπεν· Ὁ ἄρτος δὲ, ὃν ἐγὼ δώσω, ἡ σάρξ μου ἐστὶν ὑπὲρ τῆς τοῦ κόσμου ζωῆς. Πνεῦμα γὰρ ζωοποιοῦν ἡ σάρξ ἐστι τοῦ Κυρίου, διότι ἐκ Πνεύματος τοῦ ζωοποιοῦ συνελήφθη. Τὸ γὰρ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τοῦ Πνεύματος Πνεῦμά ἐστι. Καὶ ὅτε λέγει ὁ Ἱερεμίας περὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅτι αὐτὸς ὡδήγησε τὸν Ἰσραὴλ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ· Καὶ οὐκ εἴπατε, φησὶ, Ποῦ ἐστιν ὁ Κύριος, ὁ ἀναγαγὼν ἡμᾶς ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου, ὁ καθοδηγήσας ἡμᾶς ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ; Ὁ Ἡσαΐας τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον εἶπεν ὡδηγηκέναι τὸν Ἰσραὴλ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ· ἔστι γοῦν ἀκοῦσαι αὐτοῦ λέγοντος· Ἤγαγεν αὐτοὺς διὰ τῆς 1013 ἀβύσσου ὡς ἵππον διὰ τῆς ἐρήμου· καὶ οὐκ ἐκοπίασαν, καὶ ὡς κτήνη διὰ τοῦ πεδίου. Καὶ κατέβη Πνεῦμα παρὰ Κυρίου, καὶ ὡδήγησεν αὐτούς. Πρὸς δὲ Κορινθίους γράφει ὁ Ἀπόστολος, ὅτι Χριστὸς ἦν ὁ ὁδηγῶν· Ἔπινον γὰρ ἐκ πνευματικῆς ἀκολουθούσης πέτρας· ἡ δὲ πέτρα ἦν ὁ Χριστός. Καὶ ὅτε λέγει ὁ Παῦλος ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ κεκλῆσθαι αὐτόν· Ὁ Θεὸς, φησὶν, ὁ ἀφορίσας με ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός μου, καὶ καλέσας διὰ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ, ἀποκαλύψαι τὸν Υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐμοὶ, ἵνα εὐαγγελίζωμαι αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι. Ῥωμαίους δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ Χριστοῦ κεκλῆσθαι λέγει γράφων πρὸς αὐτούς· Ἐν οἷς ἐστε καὶ ὑμεῖς κλητοὶ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Τὸ δὲ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον τὸν Παῦλον καὶ τὸν Βαρνάβαν κεκληκέναι εἴρηκεν εἰς τὸ τοῖς ἔθνεσιν εὐαγγελίσασθαι τὸν Χριστόν. Καὶ τό γε θαυμαστὸν, τοῦ Ἰησοῦ εἰπόντος Παύλῳ ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ· Πορεύου, ὅτι εἰς ἔθνη μακρὰν ἐξαποστέλλω σε· καὶ τοῦ Παύλου Γαλάταις γράφοντος, Παῦλος ἀπόστολος οὐκ ἀπ' ἀνθρώπων, οὐδὲ δι' ἀνθρώπου, ἀλλὰ διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς τοῦ ἐγείραντος αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν· καὶ μετ' ὀλίγον· Γνωρίζω δὲ ὑμῖν, ἀδελφοὶ, τὸ Εὐαγγέλιον τοῦτο, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστι κατὰ ἄνθρωπον· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐγὼ παρὰ ἀνθρώπου παρέλαβον αὐτὸ, οὐδὲ ἐδιδάχθην, ἀλλὰ δι' ἀποκαλύψεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ· τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ἀποστεῖλαν τόν τε Παῦλον καὶ τὸν Βαρνάβαν φαίνεται, κηρῦξαι τοῖς ἔθνεσι τὸν Χριστόν. Καὶ ὁτὲ μὲν ἐκ προσώπου τοῦ Πατρὸς λαλοῦσιν οἱ προφῆται, ὡς ὅταν ἐν Ψαλμοῖς λέγῃ ὁ Θεός· Ἅπαξ ὤμοσα ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ μου, Εἰ τῷ Δαβὶδ ψεύσομαι, τὸ σπέρμα αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα μενεῖ, καὶ ὁ θρόνος αὐτοῦ ὡς ὁ ἥλιος ἐναντίον μου· καὶ πάλιν· Ἐκ καρποῦ τῆς ὀσφύος σου θήσομαι ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου σου· καὶ καθὼς ὁ Πέτρος εἴρηκε· Προφήτης οὖν ὑπάρχων ὁ Δαβὶδ, καὶ εἰδὼς, ὅτι ὅρκῳ ὤμοσεν αὐτῷ ὁ Θεὸς, ἐκ καρποῦ τῆς ὀσφύος αὐτοῦ καθίσαι τὸν Χριστὸν κατὰ σάρκα ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου αὐτοῦ· ὁτὲ δὲ ἐκ προσώπου τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ὡς ὅταν λέγῃ ὁ Ἡσαΐας· Τάδε λέγει Κύριος· Δι' ὑμᾶς διαπαντὸς τὸ ὄνομά μου βλασφημεῖται ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι.