Commentary on Zechariah · §14

The Mission of the Descending Lord

An apostleship occurring to men follows the glory of the one called God, being Almighty; for he was not sent as Almighty, but in the manner of 'emptying himself' and 'taking the form of a servant' by descent. What is being pre-announced to those still at their peak while being plundered by nations? 'He who touches, he says, of you, touches the apple of his eye' (Exodus 4:6), harming himself rather than striking the righteous or those he intends to harm, similarly to the one striking the apple of his own eye. This theory gathers from many places of Scripture: Cain, wishing to harm, exposed himself before he intended to murder (Genesis 4:8). The same happened to Saul pursuing David in order to kill (1 Samuel 24:1-22), and to Absalom attacking his father tyrannically (2 Samuel 15:1-14).

In the present prophetic text it signifies harming through touching, and especially through those whom God himself says to those attacking murderously against his own people: 'Touch not my anointed ones, and do evil to my prophets' (Psalm 105:15). To touch lightly lies in: 'It is good for a man not to touch a woman' (1 Corinthians 7:9), signifying approaching shamefully and licentiously. From this verb it is also shown that to touch well is to join through contact, as in that said by Jesus: 'Someone touched me' (Mark 5:27), when the woman with the issue of blood, desiring to be healed, touched by grasping the hem of Jesus' garment. Having fallen so many interpretations upon the present voice of 'touching,' the now present prophetic word signifies harming through maltreatment. But he who intends evil against those guarded by God touches the apple of the eye of the inner man. And it is manifest how he who touches the servants of God touches the apple of his own eye, because of the saying: 'I will lay my hand upon them' (Ezekiel 28:26), making manifest the disciplinary power, so that they become plunder to those they formerly plundered, leading them into captivity, so that they serve those against whom they formerly ruled tyrannically. Which event leads to 'you shall know that I am the Lord Almighty' (Ezekiel 20:23), having been sent by the Lord Almighty, is the completion of the things pre-announced. The God Word is being sent Almighty from the Almighty, coming to men by the good pleasure of the Father.

pan-king

Greek

ἀνθρώποις γινομένη ἀποστολή ἐστιν ὀπίσω τῆς τοῦ θεολογουμένου δόξης παντοκράτορος ὄντος· οὐ γὰρ ᾗ παντοκράτωρ ἀπεστάλη, ἀλλ' ᾗ «κενώσας ἑαυτὸν» τρόπῳ συγκαταβάσεως «μορφὴν ἔλαβε δούλου». 1.146 Τί δὲ προαναφωνεῖ τοῖς ἀκμὴν ἔτι τυγχάνουσιν ὑπὸ τὰ σκυλεύοντα αὐτοὺς ἔθνη; «Ὁ ἁπτόμενος, φησίν, ὑμῶν, ἅπτεται τῆς κόρης τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ αὐτοῦ», βλάπτοντος ἑαυτὸν μᾶλλον τοῦ πλήττοντος τοὺς δικαίους ἢ οὓς κακῶσαι βούλεται, παραπλησίως τῷ πλήττοντι τὴν τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ αὐτοῦ κόρην. Ἔστι συναγορεύειν τῇ θεωρίᾳ ταύτῃ ἐκ πολλῶν τόπων τῆς γραφῆς· βλάψαι θέλων τὸν Ἀβὲλ ὁ Κάϊν, προ̣απέκτεινεν ἑαυτὸν οὗ προτίθεται δολοφονῆσαι. Τοῦτ' αὐτὸ συνέβη καὶ τῷ Σαοὺλ διώκοντι τὸν ∆αυὶδ ἕνεκα τοῦ ἀποκτεῖναι, καὶ τῷ Ἀβεσσαλὼμ ἐπιθεμένῳ κατὰ τοῦ πατρὸς τυραννικῶς. 1.147 Σημαίνει ἐν τῷ προκειμένῳ προφητικῷ τὸ βλάψαι διὰ τοῦ ἅψασθαι, καὶ μάλιστα δι' ὧν ὁ Θεὸς αὐτὸς λέγει τοῖς φονικῶς ἐπιτιθεμένοις κατὰ τῶν αὐτοῦ ἀνθρώπων· «Μὴ ἅπτεσθε τῶν χριστῶν μου, καὶ ἐν τοῖς προφήταις μου μὴ πονηρεύεσθε.» 1.148 Ψεκτῶς θιγεῖν τὸ ἅψασθαι κεῖται ἐν τῷ· «Καλὸν ἀνθρώπῳ γυναικὸς μὴ ἅπτεσθαι», σημαῖνον τὸ πλησίασαι αἰσχρῶς καὶ ἀκολάστως. 1.149 ∆ηλοῦται ἐκ τούτου τοῦ ῥήματος καὶ τὸ θιγεῖν καλῶς προσψαῦσαι δι' ἁφῆς, ὡς ἐν τῷ ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ λεγομένῳ· «Ἥψατό μού τις», ὅτε ἡ αἱμορροοῦσα γυνὴ πόθῳ ἰαθ̣ήσεσθαι ἥψατο δραξαμένη τοῦ κρασπέδου τοῦ ἱματίου Ἰησοῦ. 1.150 Τοσούτων ὑποπεσόντων ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος ἐκ τῆς ἅπτεσθαι φωνῆς, ἡ νῦν προκειμένη προφητικὴ λέξις τὸ βλάψαι διὰ κακώσεως δηλοῖ. Ἅπτεται δὲ τῆς κόρης τοῦ ὄμματος τοῦ ἔσω ἀνθρώπου ὁ προτιθέμενος κακοῦν τοὺς ὑπὸ Θεοῦ φρουρουμένους. Φανεροῖ δὲ πῶς ἅπτεται τῆς κόρης τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ αὐτοῦ ὁ ἁπτόμενος τῶν Θεοῦ δούλων διὰ τὸ εἰπεῖν· «Ἐπιφέρω τὴν χεῖρά μου ἐπ' αὐτούς», τὴν παιδευτικὴν δύναμιν δηλονότι, ὥστε σκῦλα γενέσθαι οἷς πρότερον αὐτοὶ ἐσκύλευον, εἰς αἰχμαλωσίαν αὐτοὺς ἄγοντες, ὥστε δουλεύειν τοῖς καθ' ὧν αὐτοὶ τυραννικῶς ἐκράτουν. 1.151 Οὗπερ συμβάντος «γνώσεσθε ὅτι ἐγὼ Κύριος παντοκράτωρ εἰμί, ἀποσταλεὶς ὑπὸ Κυρίου παντοκράτορος» ἐπὶ τελειώσει τῶν προαναφωνηθέντων. Παντοκράτωρ παρὰ παντοκράτορος ἀποστελλόμενος ὁ Θεὸς Λόγος ἐστίν, ἐρχόμενος εἰς ἀνθρώπους «εὐδοκίᾳ Πατρός»· ᾧ γὰρ λόγῳ πάντων κρατεῖ βασιλικῶς ὁ Πατὴρ ὧν ἐποίησεν διὰ τοῦ Λόγου αὐτοῦ, τούτῳ καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς πάντων κρατεῖ καὶ βασιλεύει τῶν ἐν αὐτῷ συστάντων προϋπάρχων αὐτῶν. 1.152 Ἧι 15 φησιν ὁ Ἀπόστολος «ἐν Χριστῷ ἐκτίσθαι τὰ ὁρατὰ καὶ ἀόρατα», πρὸ αὐτῶν ὄντι καὶ συνεστηκότων πάντων ἐν αὐτῷ· «Αὐτὸς γάρ ἐστι πρὸ πάντων καὶ τὰ πάντα ἐν αὐτῷ συνέστηκεν.» 1.153 Καὶ παράδοξον οὐδὲν εἰ παντοκράτωρ ἐκ παντοκράτορός ἐστιν· καὶ γὰρ Θεὸς ἐκ Θεοῦ καὶ φῶς ἐκ φωτός ἐστιν. Ὁμοούσιος γὰρ ὢν τῷ γεννήσαντι καὶ ἓν ὢν πρὸς τὸν γεννήσαντα κατὰ τό· «Ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἕν ἐσμεν», πάντα ὅσ̣α ἔχει ὁ Πατὴρ τοῦ Υἱοῦ ἐστιν. Ἔχει δ' ὁ Πατὴρ τὸ Θεός, τὸ φῶς, τὸ ἅγιος, τὸ παντοκράτωρ εἶναι. Τοῦ Υἱοῦ δ' ἐστὶν ταῦτα. Παντοκράτωρ ἄρα ἐκ παντοκράτορος ὁ Υἱός, παμβασιλεὺς ἐκ τοῦ πάντων βασιλεύοντος ὑπάρχων. Ἀναντιρρήτως ἐν Ἰωάννου Ἀποκαλύψει παντοκράτωρ ὁ Σωτὴρ ὁμολογεῖται, αὐτοῦ περὶ ἑαυτοῦ οὕτω λέγοντος· «Τάδε λέγει ὁ μάρτυς ὁ πιστός, ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς κτίσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος, Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς ὁ παντοκράτωρ.» 1.154 Παντοκράτωρ ὢν ὁ ταῦτα λέγων οὐ κτίσμα τυγχάνει, ἵνα μὴ καὶ ἑαυτοῦ κρατῇ. Παράλογον γὰρ τοῦτο, τὸν αὐτὸν εἶναι κτίζοντα καὶ κτιζόμενον ὑφ' ἑαυτοῦ, καὶ βασιλεύοντα καὶ κρατούμενον· εἰ καὶ λέγεται δὲ ἐν τῇ παραλημφθείσῃ φωνῇ «ἀρχὴ τῆς κτίσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ» ὁ θεολογούμενος, ὡς βασιλικῶς ἄρχων καὶ αὐτὸ τοῦτο παντοκράτωρ ὤν, ἀρχὴ τῆς κτίσεώς ἐστιν, βασιλεία δηλονότι ἡγεμονοῦσα καὶ ἡγουμένη πάντων κτισμάτων. 1.155 Zach. II, 14®16: Τέρπου καὶ εὐφραίνου, θύγατερ Σιών, διότι ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἔρχομαι καὶ κατασκηνώσω ἐν μέσῳ σου, λέγει Κύριος. Καὶ καταφεύξονται ἔθνη πολλὰ ἐπὶ τὸν Κύριον ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ, καὶ ἔσονται αὐτῷ εἰς λαόν, καὶ κατασκηνώσουσιν ἐν μέσῳ σου, καὶ ἐπιγνώσῃ ὅτι Κύριος παντοκράτωρ ἐξαπέσταλκέν με πρὸς σέ. Καὶ κατακληρονομήσει Κύριος τὸν Ἰούδαν τὴν μερίδα αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν τὴν ἁγίαν καὶ αἱρετιεῖ ἔτι τὴν Ἰερουσαλήμ. 1.156 Ὥσπερ αἰχμαλώτου γεγενημένου τοῦ Ἑβραίων λαοῦ, θρῆνος καὶ ὀλοφυρμὸς ἐγίνετο διὰ τὸ τὸν Κύριον μεμακρύνθαι τῶν ἑαλωκότων, οὕτως, ἀνακαμψάντων αὐτῶν εἰς τὴν πνευματικὴν μητέρα Σιὼν προσαγορευομένην, πρόσταξις δίδοται τέρπεσθαι καὶ εὐφραίνεσθαι, διὰ τὸ τὸν

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Didymus the Blind on Zechariah.

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