Who Is the Rich Man That Shall Be Saved? · §17 · Clement of Alexandria

Two kinds of wealth and two kinds of treasure

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Clement is distinguishing the person who owns possessions as God's gifts and uses them for others from the person who carries wealth in the soul, and he is explaining that both wealth and poverty have a good and a bad kind.

For the one who has possessions and gold and silver and houses as gifts of God, and who serves God the giver with them for the salvation of human beings, and who knows that he has acquired these things for his brothers and sisters rather than for himself, and who remains master of his possessions rather than a slave to what he has acquired, and who does not carry these things around in his soul or define and circumscribe his own life by them, but is always laboring at some good and divine work—even if he must one day be deprived of these things, he is able with a gracious mind to bear their removal just as he bore their abundance. This is the one who is called blessed by the Lord and named poor in spirit, an heir ready for the kingdom of heaven, not a rich person unable to live.

But the one who carries wealth in his soul, and instead of the Spirit of God carries gold or a field in his heart, and always makes his possession boundless and is always looking for more, bent downward and bound by the snares of the world, being earth and about to go away into earth—how can such a one desire or care about the kingdom of heaven? A human being wearing not a heart but a field or a mine, who will necessarily be found in the things he has chosen? For where a person's mind is, there also is his treasure (Luke 12:34).

The Lord knows two kinds of treasure: the good kind—for the good person brings good out of the good treasure of the heart (Luke 6:45)—and the evil kind. For the evil person brings evil out of the evil treasure, because the mouth speaks from the overflow of the heart (Luke 6:45). Just as there is not only one kind of treasure with him, as there is also with us—the kind that gives a sudden great gain when found—but also a second kind, profitless and unenvied and hard-won and harmful, so also wealth is of two kinds: one of good things, one of evil things, since we know that wealth and treasure are not separated from each other in nature. And one kind of wealth is worth acquiring and keeping, while the other is not worth acquiring and should be thrown away. In the same way, poverty too: the spiritual kind is blessed. That is why Matthew added: Blessed are poor persons—how?—in spirit (Matthew 5:3). And again: Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for the righteousness of God (Matthew 5:6). Therefore the opposite poor persons are wretched: they have no share in God, and even less share in human possessions, and they are without taste of the righteousness of God.

Greek

ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἔχων κτήματα καὶ χρυσὸν καὶ ἄργυρον καὶ οἰκίας ὡς θεοῦ δωρεὰς [καὶ] τῷ τε διδόντι θεῷ λειτουργῶν ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν εἰς ἀνθρώπων σωτηρίαν καὶ εἰδὼς ὅτι ταῦτα κέκτηται διὰ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς μᾶλλον ἢ ἑαυτὸν καὶ κρείττων ὑπάρχων τῆς κτήσεως αὐτῶν, μὴ δοῦλος ὢν ὧν κέκτηται μηδὲ ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ ταῦτα περιφέρων μηδὲ ἐν τούτοις ὁρίζων καὶ περιγράφων τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ζωήν, ἀλλά τι καὶ καλὸν ἔργον καὶ θεῖον ἀεὶ διαπονῶν, κἂν ἀποστερηθῆναι δέῃ ποτὲ τούτων, δυνάμενος ἵλεῳ τῇ γνώμῃ καὶ τὴν ἀπαλλαγὴν αὐτῶν ἐνεγκεῖν ἐξ ἴσου καθάπερ καὶ τὴν περιουσίαν, οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ μακαριζόμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ κυρίου καὶ πτωχὸς τῷ πνεύματι καλούμενος, κληρονόμος ἕτοιμος οὐρανοῦ βασιλείας, οὐ πλούσιος ζῆσαι μὴ δυνάμενος·

ὁ δὲ ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ τὸν πλοῦτον φέρων καὶ ἀντὶ θεοῦ πνεύματος ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ χρυσὸν φέρων ἢ ἀγρὸν καὶ τὴν κτῆσιν ἄμετρον ἀεὶ ποιῶν καὶ ἑκάστοτε τὸ πλεῖον βλέπων, κάτω νενευκὼς καὶ τοῖς τοῦ κόσμου θηράτροις πεπεδημένος, γῆ ὢν καὶ εἰς γῆν ἀπελευσόμενος, πόθεν δύναται βασιλείας οὐρανῶν ἐπιθυμῆσαι καὶ φροντίσαι. ἄνθρωπος οὐ καρδίαν, ἀλλὰ ἀγρὸν ἢ μέταλλον φορῶν, ἐν τούτοις εὑρεθησόμενος ἐπάναγκες [ἐν] οἷς εἵλετο; »ὅπου γὰρ ὁ νοῦς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, ἐκεῖ καὶ ὁ θησαυρὸς αὐτοῦ.«

Θησαυροὺς δέ γε ὁ κύριος οἶδε διττούς, τὸν μὲν ἀγαθόν, »ὁ« γὰρ »ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ θησαυροῦ τῆς καρδίας προφέρει τὸ ἀγαθόν«, τὸν δὲ πονηρόν. »ὁ« γὰρ »κακὸς ἐκ τοῦ κακοῦ θησαυροῦ προφέρει τὸ κακόν, ὅτι ἐκ περισσεύματος τῆς καρδίας τὸ στόμα λαλεῖ.« ὥσπερ οὖν θησαυρὸς οὐχ εἷς παρ᾿ αὐτῷ καθὸ καὶ παρ᾿ ἡμῖν, ὁ τὸ αἰφνίδιον μέγα κέρδος ἐν εὑρήσει διδούς. ἀλλὰ καὶ δεύτερος, ὁ ἀκερδὴς καὶ ἄζηλος καὶ δύσκτητος καὶ ἐπιζήμιος, οὕτως καὶ πλοῦτος ὃ μέν τις ἀγαθῶν, ὃ δὲ κακῶν, εἴ γε τὸν πλοῦτον καὶ τὸν θησαυρὸν οὐκ ἀπηρτημένους ἴσμεν ἀλλήλων τῇ φύσει. καὶ ὁ μέν τις πλοῦτος κτητὸς ἂν εἴη καὶ περίβλητος, ὃ δὲ ἄκτητος καὶ ἀπόβλητος· τὸν αὐτὸν δὲ τρόπον καὶ πτωχεία μακαριστὴ μὲν ἡ πνευματική. διὸ καὶ προσέθηκεν ὁ Ματθαῖος· »μακάριοι οἱ πτωχοί·« πῶς; »τῷ πνεύματι.« καὶ πάλιν· »μακάριοι οἱ πεινῶντες καὶ διψῶντες τὴν δικαιοτοῦ θεοῦ·« οὐκοῦν ἄθλιοι οἱ ἐναντίοι πτωχοί, θεοῦ μὲν ἄμοιροι, ἀμοιρότεροι δὲ τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης κτήσεως, ἄγευστοι δὲ δικαιοσύνης θεοῦ.

About this text

Clement explains Jesus' saying about the camel and the needle's eye, and shows how a rich person may be saved.

This homily was written by Clement of Alexandria (c. 150–c. 215), a Greek Christian teacher who led the Catechetical School of Alexandria. He addressed it to fellow Christians who were troubled by Jesus' saying about the camel and the needle's eye, and who either despaired of rich believers being saved or flattered the wealthy. Clement wrote to remove that false despair and to show how a rich person may be saved.

The occasion is a controversy over the moral danger of wealth and the question of who can be saved. Clement argues that Jesus' command to sell one's possessions is not a command to become outwardly poor, but to renounce the passions and attachments of the soul that wealth can excite. The rich man in the Gospel is not condemned for having wealth, but for loving it more than eternal life. Salvation depends on the soul's disposition, not on external possessions, and wealth can be used rightly for love of neighbor.

A reader will meet Jesus, whose words from the Gospels are quoted and interpreted throughout, along with Peter, Martha, Mary, Zacchaeus, Levi, Matthew, and Paul. Clement also cites the pagan philosophers Anaxagoras, Democritus, and Crates as examples of people who gave up wealth for the wrong reasons. The work closes with the story of the apostle John and a young robber, offered as proof that no sinner is beyond hope. To follow the argument, know that Clement uses 'passions' for the disordered attachments of the soul, 'freedom from passions' for the state required for salvation, and 'worldly wealth' for what the Gospels call mammon of unrighteousness. Bible books follow the Septuagint names and Psalm numbering, so Gospel passages correspond to Mark 10:17-31, Matthew 19:16-30, and Luke 18:18-30 in modern Bibles.

New English from the Greek base text; no published English used as wording.

Printed text used

Translated from Clement of Alexandria Otto Stählin Stromata, Buch VII-VIII. Excerpta ex Theodoto. Eclogae prophetica. Hinrichs Leipzig 1909 Clemens Alexandrinus 3 (Greek)

This work has passed this project's source check. This is an AI-assisted study translation. Source fidelity and completeness have not been independently certified. Open Greek on each section for the source text. This is not a complete critical edition.