Love greater than martyrdom; why the devil cut out Romanus's tongue
Chrysostom is praising the martyr Romanus and now explains why love is greater even than martyrdom, then begins to ask why the devil cut out Romanus's tongue rather than killing him.
A man caught up to the third heaven and carried away into paradise, who shared in secret mysteries and enjoyed such boldness before God, did not receive strong perception of those good things unless he also saw his brothers being saved along with him. For Paul knows—Paul knows clearly—that of love nothing is either greater or equal, not even martyrdom itself, which is the chief point of all good things. And how is this so? Listen. Love, even without martyrdom, makes disciples of Christ, but martyrdom without love would not be able to accomplish this. From where is this clear? From the very words of Christ. For he said to his disciples, “By this everyone will know that you are my disciples, if you love one another” (John 13:35). See, love without martyrdom makes disciples. And that martyrdom without love not only does not make disciples but does not even benefit the one enduring it, listen to Paul saying, “If I hand over my body to be burned, but do not have love, I gain nothing” (1 Corinthians 13:3).
For this reason I especially love this holy man who has gathered us here today, the blessed Romanus, because along with martyrdom he displayed great love, and for this reason his holy tongue was cut out. And indeed this too is worth examining: why ever did the devil not lead him to tortures and punishments and torments, but cut off his tongue? For he did not do this without purpose, but with great wickedness. For the beast is crafty, and he works and moves everything against our salvation. Come then, let us examine why ever he proceeded to the cutting out of the tongue, bringing the account a little further back. For in this way we will know both the love of God toward humanity, and the endurance of the martyr, and the wickedness of the devil. And when we learn the love of God toward humanity, we will give thanks to the Master; when we know the endurance of the martyr, we will imitate our fellow servant; and when we understand the wickedness of the devil, we will turn away from the enemy. For this reason God has given us to know his schemes, so that by hating him more we may overcome him more easily. And that it is possible to know his thoughts, listen to what Paul says about the man who had committed sexual immorality. For writing to the Corinthians he says something like this: “Reaffirm your love for him, so that we may not be outwitted by Satan; for we are not ignorant of his designs” (2 Corinthians 2:8, 11).
What then is the reason for which he cut out the tongue? Bear with me a little while I narrate from earlier. A harsh war was once stirred up against the Churches—not with barbarians attacking the cities, nor with any foreigners, but with those who seemed to rule over our world, who treated their subjects more savagely and more cruelly than all barbarians and enemies and tyrants. For the danger then was not for freedom and homeland and possessions and the present life, but for the kingdom of heaven and the good things stored up, for immortal life, for confession of faith in Christ. And a new kind of captivity was devised. For they did not cast people out of the city here below, but they attempted to deprive them of the Jerusalem above, the free one, and they forced each person to slaughter his own soul upon the altars, to renounce his own Master, to bow down to the tyranny of demons, and to serve the destroyers and enemies of our salvation—the demons. This was more grievous and more unbearable to Christ-loving souls than ten thousand deaths and all Gehenna.
Greek
Ἄνθρωπος εἰς τρίτον ἁρπαγεὶς οὐρανὸν, καὶ εἰς παράδεισον ἀπενεχθεὶς, καὶ μυστηρίων κοινωνήσας ἀποῤῥήτων, καὶ τοσαύτης πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν ἀπολαύσας παῤῥησίας, οὐ σφόδρα αἴσθησιν ἐκείνων ἐλάμβανε τῶν ἀγαθῶν, εἰ μὴ καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς εἶδε σὺν αὐτῷ διασωζομένους. Οἶδε γὰρ, οἶδε σαφῶς, ὅτι ἀγάπης οὐδὲν οὔτε μεῖζον οὔτε ἴσον ἐστὶν, οὐδὲ αὐτὸ τὸ μαρτύριον, ὃ πάντων ἐστὶ κεφάλαιον τῶν ἀγαθῶν· καὶ πῶς, ἄκουσον. Ἀγάπη μὲν γὰρ καὶ χωρὶς μαρτυρίου ποιεῖ μαθητὰς τοῦ Χριστοῦ, μαρτύριον δὲ χωρὶς ἀγάπης οὐκ ἂν ἰσχύσειε τοῦτο ἐργάσασθαι. Πόθεν τοῦτο δῆλον; Ἀπ' αὐτῶν τῶν τοῦ Χριστοῦ ῥημάτων· πρὸς γὰρ τοὺς μαθητὰς ἔλεγεν· Ἐν τούτῳ γνώσονται πάντες, ὅτι μαθηταί μού ἐστε, ἐὰν ἀγαπᾶτε ἀλλήλους. Ἰδοὺ ἀγάπη χωρὶς μαρτυρίου μαθητὰς ποιεῖ. Ὅτι δὲ μαρτύριον χωρὶς ἀγάπης οὐ μόνον μαθητὰς οὐ ποιεῖ, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ὠφελεῖ τι τὸν ὑπομένοντα, ἄκουσον Παύλου λέγοντος· Ἐὰν παραδῶ τὸ σῶμά μου, ἵνα καυθήσωμαι, ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω, οὐδὲν ὠφελοῦμαι. βʹ. Διὰ τοῦτο μάλιστα τὸν ἅγιον τοῦτον φιλῶ τὸν σήμερον ἡμᾶς συναγαγόντα, τὸν μακάριον Ῥωμανὸν, ὅτι μετὰ τοῦ μαρτυρίου πολλὴν τὴν ἀγάπην ἐπεδείξατο, διὸ καὶ τὴν γλῶτταν ἐξεκόπτετο τὴν ἁγίαν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο ἄξιον ἐξετάσαι, τί δή ποτε οὐκ ἐπὶ βασάνους καὶ κολάσεις καὶ τιμωρίας ἤγαγεν αὐτὸν ὁ διάβολος, ἀλλὰ τὴν γλῶτταν ἀπέτεμεν· οὐ γὰρ εἰκῆ τοῦτο ἐποίησεν, ἀλλὰ μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς πονηρίας· καὶ γὰρ κακουργόν ἐστι τὸ θηρίον, καὶ πάντα κατὰ τῆς ἡμετέρας σωτηρίας πραγματεύεται καὶ κινεῖ. Φέρε οὖν ἐξετάσωμεν, τί δήποτε ἐπὶ τὴν ἐκκοπὴν τῆς γλώττης ἐχώρησε, μικρὸν γοῦν ἀνωτέρω τὸν λόγον ἀγαγόντες· οὕτω γὰρ εἰσόμεθα καὶ τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ φιλανθρωπίαν, καὶ τὴν τοῦ μάρτυρος ὑπομονὴν, καὶ τὴν τοῦ διαβόλου κακουργίαν· καὶ τὴν μὲν τοῦ Θεοῦ φιλανθρωπίαν μαθόντες εὐχαριστήσομεν τῷ Δεσπότῃ, τὴν δὲ τοῦ μάρτυρος ὑπομονὴν γνόντες μιμησόμεθα τὸν σύνδουλον, τὴν δὲ τοῦ διαβόλου κακουργίαν καταμαθόντες, ἀποστραφησόμεθα τὸν ἐχθρόν. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο ἡμῖν ἔδωκεν ὁ Θεὸς εἰδέναι αὐτοῦ τὰς μηχανὰς, ἵνα μειζόνως αὐτὸν μισήσαντες εὐκολώτερον αὐτοῦ περιγενώμεθα. Ὅτι γὰρ δυνατὸν εἰδέναι αὐτοῦ τὰ νοήματα, ἄκουσον τί φησιν ὁ Παῦλος περὶ τοῦ πεπορνευκότος· Κορινθίοις γὰρ ἐπιστέλλων οὕτω πώς φησι· Κυρώσατε εἰς αὐτὸν ἀγάπην, ἵνα μὴ πλεονεκτηθῶμεν ὑπὸ τοῦ Σατανᾶ· οὐ γὰρ αὐτοῦ τὰ νοήματα ἀγνοοῦμεν. Τίς οὖν ἡ αἰτία, δι' ἣν τὴν γλῶτταν ἐξέκοψε; Μικρὸν ἄνωθεν ἀνάσχεσθέ μου διηγουμένου. Πόλεμος ἀνεῤῥιπίσθη ποτὲ κατὰ τῶν Ἐκκλησιῶν χαλεπὸς, οὐχὶ βαρβάρων ἐπιδραμόντων τὰς πόλεις, οὐδὲ ἀλλογενῶν τινων, ἀλλ' αὐτῶν τῶν δοκούντων προεστάναι τῆς καθ' ἡμᾶς οἰκουμένης, καὶ βαρβάρων, καὶ πολεμίων, καὶ τυράννων ἁπάντων ἀπηνέστερον καὶ ὠμότερον κεχρημένων τοῖς ὑπηκόοις. Οὐ γὰρ ὑπὲρ ἐλευθερίας, καὶ πατρίδος, καὶ χρημάτων, καὶ τῆς παρούσης ζωῆς ὁ κίνδυνος ἦν τότε, ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ βασιλείας οὐρανῶν, καὶ τῶν ἀποκειμένων ἀγαθῶν, ὑπὲρ ἀθανάτου ζωῆς, ὑπὲρ ὁμολογίας τῆς εἰς τὸν Χριστόν. Καὶ καινός τις αἰχμαλωσίας ἐπενοεῖτο τρόπος· οὐ γὰρ τῆς ἐνταῦθα πόλεως ἐξέβαλλον, ἀλλὰ τῆς ἄνω Ἱερουσαλὴμ τῆς ἐλευθέρας ἐπεχείρουν ἀποστερεῖν, καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἕκαστον καταθύειν ἠνάγκαζον ἐπὶ τῶν βωμῶν, καὶ τὸν οἰκεῖον Δεσπότην ἐξόμνυσθαι, καὶ τῇ τῶν δαιμόνων ὑποκύπτειν τυραννίδι, καὶ τοὺς λυμεῶνας καὶ ἐχθροὺς τῆς σωτηρίας τῆς ἡμετέρας θεραπεύειν δαίμονας· ὃ μυρίων θανάτων καὶ πάσης γεέννης χαλεπώτερον ἦν καὶ ἀφορητότερον ταῖς φιλοχρίστοις ψυχαῖς.