The body's original creation proves the resurrection
Chrysostom is arguing from God's creative power: if God made the body from earth in the beginning, he can certainly raise it after corruption.
Did He not take earth and form it? And yet which is harder: to make from earth flesh and veins and skin and bones and sinews and nerves and arteries, and the organs and the simple parts of the body—eyes, ears, nose, feet, and hands—and to give each of these its own proper function as well as a common one, or to make corruptible things immortal? Do you not see how the earth is uniform, but the body is varied and manifold in its functions, in its colors, in its shape, in its substances, and in everything else? How then can you doubt what is to come, tell me? And why speak only of bodies? Tell me, how did He make the boundless powers and the hosts of angels, the archangels, and the orders above them? I cannot say how, except that His will alone was enough. Then He who made so many bodiless armies cannot renew again a human body that has decayed, and bring it to a greater dignity? Who is so senseless as to doubt these things and do away with the resurrection? For if the body does not rise, the human being does not rise. A human being is not soul alone, but soul and body. If then only the soul rises, the living creature rises by half, not whole. And properly speaking, resurrection cannot be said of the soul. For resurrection is of what has fallen and been dissolved, and the soul is not dissolved—the body is.
What then does this mean: “if indeed, having put it on, we will not be found naked” (2 Corinthians 5:3)? A great and secret mystery is hinted to us here. What is it? It is what he also says in the letter to the Corinthians: that we will all rise, but each in his own order (1 Corinthians 15:23). What does that mean? That Greek and Jew and heretic and every human being who has entered this world will rise on that day. And to make this clear he said: “We will not all sleep, but we will all be changed, in an instant, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet” (1 Corinthians 15:51-52).
Since then the resurrection is universal for all, common to the devout and the impious, to the wicked and the good, do not suppose from this that some unjust judgment is taking place, and do not say to yourself: “What is this? I, the earnest one who labored and suffered so much, rise, and the Greek, and the one who acted impiously and worshiped idols and did not know Christ—he also rises in the same way and enjoys the same honor?” So that you are not troubled by saying these things, hear what he says: “If indeed, having put it on, we will not be found naked” (2 Corinthians 5:3). And how, he says, can one who has put on incorruption and immortality be found naked? How? When we are destitute of glory and stripped of confidence before God. For the bodies of sinners also rise incorruptible and immortal, but this honor becomes for them provision for punishment and retribution. They rise incorruptible so that they may burn forever. Since that fire is unquenchable, it needs bodies that are never consumed. Therefore he says: “If indeed, having put it on, we will not be found naked” (2 Corinthians 5:3).
Greek
Οὐχὶ γῆν ἔλαβε καὶ ἔπλασε; καίτοι τί δυσκολώτερον, ἀπὸ γῆς ποιῆσαι σάρκας καὶ φλέβας καὶ δέρμα καὶ ὀστᾶ καὶ ἶνας καὶ νεῦρα καὶ ἀρτηρίας, καὶ τὰ ὀργανικὰ, καὶ τὰ ἁπλᾶ σώματα, ὀφθαλμοὺς, ὦτα, ῥῖνας, πόδας καὶ χεῖρας, καὶ ἑκάστῳ τούτων καὶ ἰδίαν καὶ κοινὴν ἐνθεῖναι τὴν ἐνέργειαν, ἢ φθαρτὰ γενόμενα ἀθάνατα ἐργάσασθαι; Οὐχ ὁρᾷς πῶς μονοειδὴς μὲν ἡ γῆ, ποικίλον δὲ καὶ πολυειδὲς τὸ σῶμα, καὶ κατὰ τὰς ἐνεργείας, καὶ κατὰ τὰ χρώματα, καὶ κατὰ τὴν διάπλασιν, καὶ κατὰ τὰς οὐσίας, καὶ κατὰ τὰ ἄλλα πάντα; Πῶς οὖν ὑπὲρ τῶν μελλόντων ἀμφιβάλλεις, εἰπέ μοι; καὶ τί χρὴ λέγειν περὶ σωμάτων; Τὰς γὰρ ἀπείρους δυνάμεις, καὶ τοὺς δήμους τῶν ἀγγέλων, τοὺς ἀρχαγγέλους, τὰ ἀνώτερα τάγματα τούτων, πῶς ἐποίησεν, εἰπέ μοι; Ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ τὸν τρόπον οὐκ ἂν ἔχοιμι λέγειν, ὅτι δὲ ἤρκεσεν αὐτῷ τὸ θελῆσαι μόνον. Εἶτα ὁ τοσαύτας στρατιὰς ἀσωμάτους ἐργασάμενος, ἀνθρώπου σῶμα διαφθαρὲν ἀνανεῶσαι πάλιν οὐ δύναται, καὶ εἰς μείζονα ἀγαγεῖν ἀξίαν; Καὶ τίς οὕτως ἀναίσθητος, ὡς ὑπὲρ τούτων ἀμφιβάλλειν, καὶ τὴν ἀνάστασιν ἀναιρεῖν; Εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἀνίσταται σῶμα, οὐκ ἀνίσταται ἄνθρωπος· ὁ γὰρ ἄνθρωπος οὐκ ἔστι ψυχὴ μόνον, ἀλλὰ ψυχὴ καὶ σῶμα. Εἰ τοίνυν ψυχὴ μόνον ἀνίσταται, ἐξ ἡμισείας τὸ ζῶον ἀνίσταται, ἀλλ' οὐχ ὁλόκληρον· ἄλλως δὲ ἐπὶ ψυχῆς οὐκ ἂν λεχθείη κυρίως ἀνάστασις. Ἀνάστασις γάρ ἐστι τοῦ πεσόντος καὶ διαλυθέντος, ψυχὴ δὲ οὐ διαλύεται, ἀλλὰ σῶμα. Τί δέ ἐστι τὸ, Εἴ γε καὶ ἐνδυσάμενοι, οὐ γυμνοὶ εὑρεθησόμεθα; Μυστήριον μέγα καὶ ἀπόῤῥητον ἡμῖν ἐνταῦθα αἰνίττεται. Ποῖον δὴ τοῦτο; Ὃ καὶ ἐν τῇ πρὸς Κορινθίους Ἐπιστολῇ φησιν· ὅτι Πάντες ἀναστησόμεθα, ἕκαστος δὲ ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ τάγματι. Τί δέ ἐστι τὸ λεγόμενον; ὅτι καὶ Ἕλλην καὶ Ἰουδαῖος καὶ αἱρετικὸς καὶ πᾶς ἄνθρωπος εἰς τὸν κόσμον τοῦτον παρελθὼν, κατ' ἐκείνην ἀναστήσεται τὴν ἡμέραν. Καὶ τοῦτο αὐτὸ δηλῶν ἔλεγε· Πάντες μὲν οὐ κοιμηθησόμεθα, πάντες δὲ ἀλλαγησόμεθα ἐν ἀτόμῳ, ἐν ῥιπῇ ὀφθαλμοῦ, ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ σάλπιγγι. ηʹ. Ἐπεὶ οὖν καθολικὴ πᾶσίν ἐστιν ἡ ἀνάστασις, καὶ κοινὴ καὶ εὐσεβῶν καὶ ἀσεβῶν, καὶ πονηρῶν καὶ χρηστῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἵνα μὴ ἀπὸ τούτου νομίσῃς ἄδικόν τινα γίνεσθαι κρίσιν, μηδὲ λέγῃς πρὸς σεαυτόν· Τί ποτε τοῦτό ἐστιν; ἐγὼ ὁ σπουδαῖος καὶ τοσαῦτα πονέσας καὶ ταλαιπωρηθεὶς ἀνίσταμαι, καὶ ὁ Ἕλλην, καὶ ὁ ἀσεβήσας, καὶ προσκυνήσας εἰδώλοις, καὶ τὸν Χριστὸν ἀγνοήσας, καὶ αὐτὸς ἀνίσταται ὁμοίως, καὶ τῆς αὐτῆς ἀπολαύει τιμῆς; ἵνα μὴ ταῦτα λέγων θορυβηθῇς, ἄκουσον τί φησιν· Εἴ γε καὶ ἐνδυσάμενοι, οὐ γυμνοὶ εὑρεθησόμεθα. Καὶ πῶς ἐστι, φησὶν, ἐνδυσάμενον ἀφθαρσίαν καὶ ἀθανασίαν γυμνὸν εὑρεθῆναι; πῶς; Ὅταν δόξης ὦμεν ἔρημοι, καὶ τῆς πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν παῤῥησίας ἀπεστερημένοι. Καὶ γὰρ τὰ σώματα τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν ἄφθαρτα ἀνίστανται καὶ ἀθάνατα· ἀλλ' ἡ τιμὴ αὕτη ἐφόδιον αὐτοῖς κολάσεως γίνεται καὶ τιμωρίας· ἄφθαρτα γὰρ ἀνίσταται, ἵνα διαπαντὸς καίηται. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τὸ πῦρ ἄσβεστόν ἐστιν ἐκεῖνο, τοιούτων αὐτῷ δεῖ καὶ σωμάτων μηδέποτε δαπανωμένων. Διὰ τοῦτό φησιν· Εἴ γε καὶ ἐνδυσάμενοι, οὐ γυμνοὶ εὑρεθησόμεθα.