What a human being truly is, and what the faithful deposit
Chrysostom is explaining the names of baptism to the catechumens, and has just said that even the name 'human being' teaches virtue.
For a human being is not simply someone who has the hands and feet of a human, nor someone who is merely rational, but someone who practices piety and virtue with boldness. Listen, then, to what is said about Job. After saying, “There was a man in the land of Uz,” it does not describe him by those definitions the outsiders use, nor does it say that he had two feet and broad nails, but it sets down the distinguishing marks of that piety and says, “Righteous, truthful, God-fearing, turning away from every evil thing,” showing that this is what a human being is. So another also says, “Fear God and keep his commandments, for this is the whole human being” (Ecclesiastes 12:13). If the name “human being” offers so great an encouragement to virtue, how much more does the name “faithful”? For you are called faithful for this reason: because you believe in God, and you believe that from him you receive righteousness, holiness, purity of soul, adoption, the kingdom of heaven. God has entrusted and deposited these things with you. You in turn entrusted other things to him and deposited them: almsgiving, prayers, self-control, and all the rest of virtue. And why do I speak of almsgiving? Even if you give him a cup of cold water, you will not lose even this, but he guards it with care for that day and will repay it with great abundance. For this is the wonderful thing: he does not merely guard the deposits, but he increases them with his returns. This is what he commanded you also to do according to your ability: to increase the holiness you received, to make the righteousness from the washing more radiant, and to make the gift more splendid. Paul did this, increasing all the good things he received by his later labors, zeal, and eagerness. Consider God's care for you. He neither gave you everything here, nor did he deprive you of everything, but he gave some things and promised others. And why did he not give everything here? So that you might show your faith in him, believing in what has not yet been given on the strength of his promise alone. And why again did he not store up everything there, but gave also the grace of the Spirit, righteousness, and sanctification? To lighten your labors and to make you hopeful from what has already been given and from what is to come. For this reason you are about to be called newly baptized, because the light is always new for you, if you wish it, and it is never extinguished. For this light, whether we wish it or not, night takes over, but darkness does not know that ray. “The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it” (John 1:5). The world is not so bright when the sun's ray rises as the soul is illuminated and becomes more radiant when it receives the grace of the Spirit. Learn the nature of these things more precisely. When night holds sway and darkness is present, a person often sees a rope and thinks it is a snake, flees from a friend approaching as if he were an enemy, and becomes terrified at some noise. But when day comes, nothing like that happens; everything appears as it really is. This is what happens to our soul as well.
Greek
Ἄνθρωπος γάρ ἐστιν, οὐχ ὅστις ἁπλῶς χεῖρας καὶ πόδας ἔχει ἀνθρώπου, οὐδ' ὅστις ἐστὶ λογικὸς μόνον, ἀλλ' ὅστις εὐσέβειαν καὶ ἀρετὴν μετὰ παῤῥησίας ἀσκεῖ. Ἄκουσον γοῦν περὶ τοῦ Ἰὼβ τί φησιν· εἰπὼν γὰρ, ὅτι Ἐν χώρᾳ τῇ Αὐσίτιδι ἄνθρωπος ἦν, οὐκ ἀπὸ τούτων αὐτὸν ὑπογράφει τῶν ὅρων, ἀφ' ὧν οἱ ἔξωθεν, οὐδὲ τοῦτο λέγει, ὅτι πόδας δύο εἶχε καὶ ὄνυχας πλατεῖς, ἀλλὰ τὰ γνωριστικὰ τῆς εὐσεβείας ἐκείνης συντιθεὶς ἔλεγε, Δίκαιος, ἀληθινὸς, θεοσεβὴς, ἀπεχόμενος ἀπὸ παντὸς πονηροῦ πράγματος, δεικνὺς ὅτι τοῦτό ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος. Καθάπερ οὖν καὶ ἕτερός φησι· Τὸν Θεὸν φοβοῦ, καὶ τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ φύλασσε, ὅτι τοῦτο πᾶς ἄνθρωπος. Εἰ δὲ τὸ ἄνθρωπος ὄνομα τοσαύτην εἰς ἀρετὴν παράκλησιν παρέχει, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τὸ πιστός; Πιστὸς γὰρ διὰ τοῦτο καλῇ, ὅτι καὶ πιστεύεις τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ πιστεύῃ παρ' αὐτοῦ αὐτὸς δικαιοσύνην. ἁγιωσύνην, καθαρότητα ψυχῆς, υἱοθεσίαν, βασιλείαν οὐρανῶν· ἐνεπίστευσε καὶ ταῦτά σοι παρακατέθετο· σὺ πάλιν ἕτερα αὐτῷ ἐνεπίστευσας καὶ παρακατέθου, ἐλεημοσύνην, εὐχὰς, σωφροσύνην, τὴν ἄλλην ἅπασαν ἀρετήν. Καὶ τί λέγω ἐλεημοσύνην; κἂν ψυχροῦ αὐτῷ ποτήριον δῷς, οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἀπολέσεις, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦτο μετ' ἀκριβείας φυλάσσει εἰς ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν, καὶ μετὰ πολλῆς ἀποδώσει τῆς περιουσίας· τὸ γὰρ δὴ θαυμαστὸν τοῦτό ἐστιν, ὅτι οὐ φυλάττει τὰς παρακαταθήκας μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πλεονάζει ταύτας ταῖς ἀντιδόσεσι. Τοῦτο καὶ σοὶ ποιεῖν ἐκέλευσε κατὰ δύναμιν τὴν σὴν, ἐν οἷς ἐνεπιστεύθης, τὴν ἁγιωσύνην ἣν ἔλαβες ἐπιτείνειν, καὶ τὴν δικαιοσύνην τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ λουτροῦ λαμπροτέραν ἐργάζεσθαι, καὶ τὸ χάρισμα φαιδρότερον ποιεῖν· καθάπερ οὖν καὶ Παῦλος ἐποίησε, τοῖς μετὰ ταῦτα πόνοις καὶ τῇ σπουδῇ καὶ τῇ προθυμίᾳ αὐξήσας ἅπαντα, ἅπερ ἔλαβεν, ἀγαθά. Καὶ σκόπει Θεοῦ κηδεμονίαν· οὔτε σοι τὸ πᾶν ἔδωκεν ἐνταῦθα, οὔτε τοῦ παντὸς ἀπεστέρησεν, ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν ἔδωκε, τὰ δὲ ὑπέσχετο. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν οὐ τὸ πᾶν ἐνταῦθα ἔδωκεν; Ἵνα σὺ τὴν πίστιν ἐπιδείξῃ τὴν περὶ αὐτὸν, τοῖς μηδέπω δοθεῖσιν ἀπὸ τῆς ὑποσχέσεως αὐτοῦ μόνης πιστεύων. Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν πάλιν οὐ τὸ πᾶν ἐκεῖ ἐταμιεύσατο, ἀλλ' ἔδωκε καὶ Πνεύματος χάριν καὶ δικαιοσύνην καὶ ἁγιασμόν; Ἵνα σοι κουφίσῃ τοὺς πόνους, καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἤδη δοθέντων καὶ ἐκ τῶν μελλόντων εὐέλπιδα καταστήσῃ. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ νεοφώτιστος μέλλεις καλεῖσθαι, ὅτι νέον σοι τὸ φῶς ἀεὶ, ἂν ἐθέλῃς, καὶ οὐδέποτε σβέννυται. Τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ, καὶ βουλομένων ἡμῶν, καὶ μὴ βουλομένων, διαδέχεται νὺξ, ἐκείνην δὲ τὴν ἀκτῖνα σκότος οὐκ οἶδε· Τὸ γὰρ φῶς ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ φαίνει, καὶ ἡ σκοτία αὐτὸ οὐ κατέλαβεν. Οὐχ οὕτω γοῦν ὁ κόσμος ἐστὶ λαμπρὸς, ἀνισχούσης τῆς ἀκτῖνος, ὡς ψυχὴ καταυγάζεται καὶ λαμπροτέρα γίνεται, τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ Πνεύματος δεξαμένη χάριν. Καὶ μάνθανε τῶν πραγμάτων ἀκριβέστερον τὴν φύσιν· νυκτὸς μὲν γὰρ κατεχούσης καὶ σκότους ὄντος, πολλάκις καὶ σχοινίον ἰδών τις, ἐνόμισεν ὄφιν εἶναι, καὶ φίλον προσιόντα ὡς ἐχθρὸν ἔφυγε, καὶ ψόφου τινὸς αἰσθόμενος περιδεὴς γέγονεν· ἡμέρας δὲ γενομένης οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον γένοιτ' ἂν, ἀλλὰ πάντα οἷάπερ ἐστὶ φαίνεται. Ὃ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ψυχῆς συμβαίνει τῆς ἡμετέρας.