Exhortation to Holy Baptism · §4 · Basil of Caesarea

Baptism's gifts and the seal that marks God's own

Basil is addressing those who delay baptism, now arguing that baptism not only forgives past sins but also grants future gifts, and that the baptized person must be marked with God's seal to be recognized and protected.

But since not only forgiveness of the past has been proclaimed beforehand, but also gifts of the future, you are wronging yourself in ways not even one of your enemies would have spitefully done to you, and yet you think you have planned well and reasoned profitably about yourself. You refuse the forgiveness and die in your debts. And you know this: the debtor of ten thousand talents would have received forgiveness, if he had not renewed the demand for payment against himself by his cruelty toward his fellow servant (Matthew 18:23-35). We must be careful not to suffer the same thing once we have received grace, by not forgiving our own debtors, so that the gift may remain secure for us.

Enter the inner chamber of your soul, and stir up the memory of what you have done. If your sins are many, do not be discouraged by their number. For where sin increased, grace increased all the more (Romans 5:20), if you accept the grace. The one who owes much will have much forgiven, so that he may love more (Luke 7:47). But if your sins are small and trivial, and not leading to death, why are you anxious about the future, when you bore the past not ignobly, and that without yet being trained by the law?

Now consider your soul as standing on a balance, pulled from one side by angels and from the other by demons. To which will you give the weight of your heart? What will win in you: pleasure of the flesh, or holiness of the soul? Enjoyment of present things, or desire for the things to come? Will angels receive you, or will those who hold you keep their grip?

In battle, generals distribute a watchword to their troops, so that friends can easily call to one another, and so that when they are mixed with the enemy in close combat, the separation can be clearly made. No one will recognize whether you are one of ours or one of the enemy, unless you show your allegiance through the mystical symbols, unless the light of the Lord's face is marked upon you (Psalm 4:6). How will the angel claim you? How will he snatch you from the enemy, if he does not recognize the seal? How will you say, "I belong to God," if you do not carry the marks of identification?

Or do you not know that the destroyer passed over the houses that were sealed, but in the unsealed houses he slaughtered the firstborn (Exodus 12:23)? An unsealed treasure is easy prey for thieves; an unmarked sheep is plotted against without risk.

Are you young? Secure your youth with the bridle of baptism. Has your prime passed? Do not be deprived of the provisions for the journey; do not lose the amulet; do not think about the eleventh hour as if it were the first. For it is fitting even for the one beginning life to keep the end before his eyes.

If one of the doctors promised you that by some devices and contrivances he would make you young from old, would you not long for that day to come, when you were about to see yourself returning to your prime? But when baptism promises to make your soul flourish again—the soul you have made old, and which it promises to rescue from lawlessness, though you have shown it stained—you despise your benefactor and do not run to the promise.

Do you not desire to see what the great wonder of the promise is? How is a person reborn without a mother? How does the one who is growing old and being corrupted according to the desires of deceit become vigorous again, and return to youth, and come back to the true flower of young manhood?

Baptism is ransom for captives, forgiveness of debts, death of sin, regeneration of the soul, a garment of light, a seal that cannot be assailed, a vehicle to heaven, the means of gaining the kingdom, the gift of adoption.

Greek

Ἐπειδὴ δὲ οὐ μόνον ἄφεσις τῶν παρελθόντων, ἀλλὰ καὶ δωρεαὶ τῶν μελλόντων προεκηρύχθησαν, αὐτὸς σεαυτὸν ἀδι κῶν, ἃ μηδ' ἂν τῶν ἐχθρῶν σοί τις ἐπηρεάσατο, οἴει προσηκόντως βεβουλεῦσθαι, καὶ λυσιτελῶς ἐντεθυμῆσθαι περὶ σεαυτοῦ, ὅς γε οὐ δέχῃ τὴν ἄφεσιν, ἀλλ' ἐναποθνήσκεις τοῖς ὀφλήμασι; καὶ ταῦτα εἰδὼς, ὅτι ὁ τῶν μυρίων ταλάντων χρεωφειλέτης ἔτυχεν ἂν τῆς ἀφέσεως, εἰ μὴ αὐτὸς ἑαυτῷ τὴν εἴσπραξιν ἐκ τῆς πρὸς τὸν ὁμόδουλον ἀπανθρωπίας ἀνενεώσατο. Ὃ καὶ ἡμῖν φυλακτέον μὴ πάθωμεν, ἐπειδὰν τῆς χάριτος τύχωμεν, μὴ ἀφιέντες τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν, ἵνα βέβαιον ἡμῖν παραμείνῃ τὸ δῶρον. Εἴσελθε εἰς τὸ ταμιεῖόν σου τῆς ψυχῆς, ἀνακίνησόν σου τῶν πεπραγμένων τὴν μνήμην. Εἰ μὲν πολλά σού ἐστι τὰ ἁμαρτήματα, μὴ ἀθυμήσῃς τῷ πλήθει· Ὅπου γὰρ ἐπλεόνασεν ἡ ἁμαρτία, ὑπερεπερίσσευσεν ἡ χάρις, ἐὰν δέχῃ τὴν χάριν· τῷ γὰρ ὀφείλοντι πολὺ πολὺ καὶ ἀφεθήσεται, ἵνα περισσότερον ἀγαπήσῃ. Εἰ δὲ μικρὰ καὶ εὐτελῆ, καὶ οὐ πρὸς θάνατόν σου τὰ ἁμαρτήματα, τί ἀγωνιᾷς τὸ μέλλον, ὅς γε οὐκ ἀγεν νῶς τὰ παρελθόντα διήνεγκας, καὶ ταῦτα οὔπω τῷ νόμῳ παιδαγωγούμενος; Νῦν ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τρυτάνης ἑστάναι νόμιζέ σου τὴν ψυχὴν, ἔνθεν ὑπ' ἀγγέλων, κἀκεῖθεν ὑπὸ δαιμόνων διελκομένην. Τίσιν ἄρα δώσεις τὴν ῥοπὴν τὴν καρδίας; Τί παρὰ σοὶ νικήσει; ἡδονὴ σαρκὸς, ἢ ἁγιασμὸς ψυχῆς; ἀπόλαυσις τῶν παρόντων ἢ τῶν μελλόντων ἐπιθυμία; Ἄγγελοί σε παραλήψονται, ἢ καθέξουσιν οἱ κατέχοντες; Ἐπὶ παρατάξεως οἱ στρατηγοὶ τὸ σύνθημα τοῖς ὑπ' αὐτοὺς διανέμουσιν, ἵνα καὶ οἱ φίλοι ῥᾳδίως ἀλλήλους ἀνακαλῶνται, καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἐναντίους, ἐὰν ἐν ταῖς συμπλοκαῖς ἀναμιχθῶσιν, εὐκρινὴς δύνηται ὑπάρχειν ὁ χωρισμός. Οὐδεὶς ἐπιγνώσεταί σε, εἰ ἡμέτερος εἶ, ἢ τῶν ὑπ εναντίων, ἐὰν μὴ τοῖς μυστικοῖς συμβόλοις παράσχῃ τὴν οἰκειότητα, ἐὰν μὴ σημειωθῇ ἐπὶ σὲ τὸ φῶς τοῦ προσώπου Κυρίου. Πῶς ἀντιποιηθῇ σου ὁ ἄγγελος; πῶς δὲ ἀφέληται τῶν ἐχθρῶν, ἐὰν μὴ ἐπιγνῷ τὴν σφραγῖδα; Πῶς δὲ σὺ ἐρεῖς, Τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰμι, μὴ ἐπι φερόμενος τὰ γνωρίσματα; Ἢ ἀγνοεῖς, ὅτι τὰς ἐσφραγισμένας οἰκίας ὁ ὀλοθρευτὴς ὑπερέβαινεν, ἐν δὲ ταῖς ἀσφραγίστοις κατεφόνευε τὰ πρωτότοκα; Ἀσφράγιστος θησαυρὸς εὐεπιχείρητος κλέπταις· πρόβατον ἀσημείωτον ἀκινδύνως ἐπιβουλεύεται. Νέος εἶ; ἀσφάλισαι τὴν νεότητα τῷ τοῦ βαπτίσματος χαλινῷ. Παρέδραμεν ἡ ἀκμή; μὴ ζημιωθῇς τὰ ἐφόδια, μὴ ἀπολέσῃς τὸ φυλακτήριον, μὴ περὶ τῆς ἑνδεκάτης ὥρας ὡς περὶ πρώτης διανοοῦ· ὅπου γε προσήκει καὶ τὸν ἀρχόμενον τοῦ βίου ἐν ὀφθαλ μοῖς ἔχειν τὴν τελευτήν. Εἴ τις ἰατρῶν ἐπηγγέλλετό σοι μηχαναῖς τισι καὶ ἐπινοίαις νέον ποιήσειν ἐκ γέ ροντος, οὐκ ἂν ἐπεθύμησας ἐλθεῖν ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέ ραν, ἐν ᾗ σεαυτὸν ὁρᾷν ἔμελλες πρὸς ἀκμὴν ὑπο στρέφοντα; Ἐπειδὴ δὲ τὴν ψυχήν σου ἀναθαλήσειν ἐπαγγέλλεταί σοι τὸ βάπτισμα, ἣν σὺ ἐπαλαίωσας, καὶ ῥυσὴν αὐτὴν ἐκ τῶν ἀνομιῶν, καὶ ἐσπιλωμένην ἀπέδειξας, καταφρονεῖς τοῦ εὐεργέτου, καὶ οὐ προστρέχεις τῷ ἐπαγγέλματι. Οὐκ ἐπιθυμεῖς ἰδεῖν τί τὸ μέγα θαῦμα τῆς ὑποσχέσεως; πῶς ἄνευ μητρὸς ἀναγεννᾶται ἄνθρωπος; πῶς ὁ παλαιούμενος καὶ φθειρόμενος κατὰ τὰς ἐπιθυμίας τῆς ἀπάτης σφριγᾷ πάλιν, καὶ ἀνηβᾷ, καὶ εἰς τὸ ἀληθινὸν ἄνθος τῆς νεότητος ἐπανέρχεται; Βάπτισμα αἰχμαλώτοις λύτρον, ὀφλημάτων ἄφεσις, θάνατος ἁμαρτίας, παλιγγενεσία ψυχῆς, ἔνδυμα φωτεινὸν, σφραγὶς ἀνεπιχείρητος, ὄχημα πρὸς οὐρανὸν, βασιλείας πρόξενον, υἱοθεσίας χάρισμα.

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