Letter to Maximus the Philosopher · §2 · Athanasius of Alexandria

God the Word offered his own body to save us

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Athanasius continues his letter to Maximus by arguing that Christ is God the Word himself become man for our salvation.

I am also amazed at this in particular: how they have dared even to conceive that he became man by sequence of nature. For if that were so, the remembrance of Mary would be needless. Nature knows no virgin giving birth without a man.

So by the good pleasure of the Father, he who is true God, and by nature the Word of God, and wisdom of the Father, became man in bodily manner for our salvation, so that, having something to offer for us, he might save all of us who through fear of death were held in slavery all our lives (Hebrews 2:15). For no mere man gave himself for us, since every man is liable to death, according to what Scripture said in Adam to all, “You are dust, and to dust you shall return” (Genesis 3:19), nor did any other created thing, since every creation is open to change. But the Word of God himself offered his own body for us, so that faith and hope may not be in a man, but we may have faith in God, the Word of God.

And even though he became man, we behold his glory, the glory of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth (John 1:14). For the things he endured through the body he ennobled as God: he hungered in flesh, yet with God’s power he fed the hungry. And if anyone stumbles at the bodily things, let him trust what God does. For as man he asked where Lazarus lay, yet as God he raised him.

So let no one laugh and name childhood and age, and growth, and eating and drinking, and suffering, lest by denying the proper things of the body he wholly deny his dwelling among us for us. And as he did not become man by sequence of nature, so it was fitting that in taking a body he should show the proper things of it, lest the appearance taught by the Manichaean prevail. And it was fitting in turn that in living in bodily manner he should not hide what shows he is God, lest Paul of Samosata find an excuse to call him a man, as another apart from the Word of God.

Let the unbeliever, then, take note of this and learn that he was a babe on a manger, yet when worshiped by the magi he brought them into submission; and he was a child when he went down to Egypt, yet he abolished the handmade things of idol worship; and though crucified in flesh, he raised the long-rotted dead. And it has been shown to all that he endured everything not for himself but for us, so that we, clothed in freedom from suffering and decay through his sufferings, may remain to eternal life.

These things I have dictated briefly for you from your own writings, as I said before, elaborating nothing further but only recalling the cross of God, so that in the very things at which the careless stumbled they may be taught anew and worship the crucified. But you, in sincerity, persuade the unbelievers; perhaps somehow they may come from ignorance to knowledge and believe rightly. And though what was written by you is itself sufficient, still for the sake of reminder it is good to add these things also against the contentious, so that they may not be shamed as refuted for what they dared, but as reminded may not forget the truth. For let him hold fast the things confessed in Nicaea by the Fathers; for they are right and sufficient to overthrow every most impious heresy, and above all the Arian heresy, which speaks evil against the Word of God and of necessity is impious against his Holy Spirit. Greet all who think rightly. All with us greet you.

Greek

Ἀμέλει κἀκεῖνο τεθαύμακα, πῶς ὅλως κἂν ἐννοῆσαι τετολμήκασιν, ὅτι φύσεως ἀκολουθίᾳ γεγένηται ἄνθρωπος. Εἰ γὰρ οὕτως ἦν, περιττὴ τῆς Μαρίας ἡ μνήμη. Οὐδὲ γὰρ οἶδεν ἡ φύσις παρθένον χωρὶς ἀνδρὸς τίκτουσαν. Ὅθεν εὐδοκίᾳ τοῦ Πατρὸς Θεὸς ὢν ἀληθινὸς, καὶ φύσει Λόγος, καὶ σοφία τοῦ Πατρὸς, γέγονε σωματικῶς ἄνθρωπος, διὰ τὴν ἡμετέραν σωτηρίαν, ἵν', ἔχων ὃ προσενέγκῃ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, σώσῃ πάντας ἡμᾶς, ὅσοι φόβῳ θανάτου διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ζῇν ἔνοχοι ἦσαν δουλείας. Οὐ γὰρ ἄνθρωπός τις ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἑαυτὸν δέδωκεν· ἐπεὶ πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ὑπεύθυνός ἐστι θανάτῳ, κατὰ τὸ, Γῆ εἶ καὶ εἰς γῆν ἀπελεύσῃ, ἐν τῷ Ἀδὰμ εἰρημένον πρὸς πάντας· ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἕτερόν τι τῶν κτισμάτων· ἐπεὶ πᾶσα κτίσις ὕποπτός ἐστι τροπῆς. Ἀλλ' αὐτὸς ὁ Λόγος τὸ ἴδιον σῶμα προσήνεγκεν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, ἵνα μὴ εἰς ἄνθρωπον ἡ πίστις καὶ ἡ ἐλπὶς, ἀλλ' εἰς αὐτὸν τὸν Θεὸν Λόγον τὴν πίστιν ἔχωμεν. Ἀμέλει καὶ ἀνθρώπου γενομένου αὐτοῦ, θεωροῦμεν τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, δόξαν ὡς Μονογενοῦς παρὰ Πατρὸς, πλήρης χάρι τος καὶ ἀληθείας. Ἃ γὰρ διὰ τοῦ σώματος ὑπέμεινε, ταῦτα ὡς Θεὸς ἐμεγάλυνε· καὶ ἐπείνα μὲν σαρκὶ, θεϊκῶς δὲ τοὺς πεινῶντας ἐχόρταζε. Καὶ εἰ σκανδαλίζεταί τις ἐπὶ τοῖς σωματικοῖς, πιστευέτω ἐφ' οἷς ὁ Θεὸς ἐργάζεται. Πυνθάνεται γὰρ ἀνθρωπίνως, ποῦ Λάζαρος κεῖται, ἐγείρει δὲ τοῦτον θεϊκῶς. Ὅθεν μηδὲ γελάτω τις λέγων παιδίον καὶ ἡλικίαν ὀνομάζων, καὶ αὔξησιν, καὶ φαγεῖν, καὶ πιεῖν, καὶ παθεῖν, ἵνα μὴ, τὰ ἴδια τοῦ σώματος ἀρνούμενος, ἀρνήσηται τέλεον καὶ τὴν δι' ἡμᾶς ἐπιδημίαν αὐτοῦ. Καὶ ὥσπερ οὐκ ἀκολουθίᾳ φύσεως ἄνθρωπος γεγένηται, οὕτως ἀκόλουθον ἦν σῶμα λαβόντα αὐτὸν δεικνύναι τὰ ἴδια τούτου, ἵνα μὴ ἡ φαντασία τοῦ Μανιχαίου κρατήσῃ. Ἀκόλουθον δὲ πάλιν ἦν σωματικῶς αὐτὸν χρηματίζοντα μὴ κρύψαι τὰ τῆς θεότητος, ἵνα μὴ ὁ Σαμοσατεὺς πρόφασιν εὕρῃ, ἄνθρωπον αὐτὸν λέγων, ὡς ἄλλον ὄντα παρὰ τὸν Θεὸν Λόγον. Ταῦτα τοίνυν κατανοῶν ὁ ἄπιστος, μαθέτω, ὅτι βρέφος μὲν ἦν ἐπὶ φάτνης, τοὺς δὲ μάγους ὑπέταξε προσκυνούμενος ὑπ' αὐτῶν· καὶ παιδίον μὲν εἰς Αἴγυπτον κατῆλθε, τὰ δὲ χειροποίητα τῆς εἰδωλολατρείας κατήργησε· καὶ ἐσταυρωμένος σαρκὶ, νεκροὺς ἐκ πολλοῦ χρόνου σαπέντας ἤγειρε. Καὶ δέδεικται πᾶσιν, ὅτι οὐ δι' ἑαυτὸν, ἀλλὰ δι' ἡμᾶς ὑπέμεινε πάντα, ἵν' ἡμεῖς, τοῖς ἐκείνου παθήμασιν ἀπάθειαν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν ἐνδυσάμενοι, διαμείνωμεν εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον. Ταῦτα δέ σοι συντόμως ἐκ τῶν σῶν, καθὼς προεῖπον, δεξάμενος ὑπηγόρευσα, οὐδὲν πλέον ἐπεξεργασάμενος, ἀλλὰ μόνον τὸ περὶ τοῦ θείου σταυροῦ μνημονεύσας, ἵνα ἐν οἷς ἐσκανδαλίσθησαν οἱ ὀλίγωροι, ἐν τούτοις μεταπαιδευθέντες προσκυνήσωσι τὸν ἐσταυρωμένον. Σὺ δὲ γνησίως τοὺς ἀπίστους πεῖθε· τάχα πως ἀπὸ ἀγνωσίας εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἔλθωσι, καὶ πιστεύσωσι καλῶς. Καὶ εἰ καὶ αὐτάρκη αὐτὰ τὰ παρὰ σοῦ γραφέντα, ὅμως ὑπομνήσεως ἕνεκεν πρὸς τοὺς φιλονείκους προσθεῖναι καὶ ταῦτα καλόν· ἵνα μὴ ὡς ἐλεγχόμενοι, ἐξ ὧν τετολμήκασιν, αἰσχυνθῶσιν, ἀλλ' ὡς ὑπομιμνησκόμενοι μὴ ἐπιλάθωνται τῆς ἀληθείας. Κρατείτω γὰρ τὰ ἐν Νικαίᾳ παρὰ τῶν Πατέρων ὁμολογηθέντα· ὀρθὰ γάρ ἐστι καὶ ἱκανὰ πᾶσαν ἀσεβεστάτην αἵρεσιν ἀνατρέψαι, καὶ μάλιστα τὴν Ἀρειανὴν, τὴν εἰς τὸν Λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ δυσφημοῦσαν, καὶ ἐξ ἀνάγκης εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ τὸ ἅγιον δυσσεβοῦσαν. Προσαγόρευε πάντας τοὺς ὀρθῶς φρονοῦντας. Προσαγορεύουσί σε πάντες οἱ σὺν ἡμῖν.