Homilies · §18 · Asterius of Amasea

The Fruits of Covetousness

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Accompanying him to the tombs, walking healthily.

If he mounts the horse in a hurry, he is filled with pride; if he obtains more abundant food, he grumbles; if he wakes the servants early for their services, he is vexed by their waking and by the strength of the old man. But if he is given something of his treasures or if a servant is released from service, then and only then does he become a source of idle talk and wandering, exceeding the bounds of life and the things of others, a sword of the stranger, and he is provoked by hearing all blasphemy, asking why he did not die quickly.

Yours is this, O filthy greed, the fruit; from you the child becomes an enemy to the one who begot him, taking the stings. You fill the earth with robbers and murderers, submerge the sea, the cities with uproar, the courts with false witnesses, informers, traitors, accomplices, and judges who rule there wherever you drag them down.

Greed, the mother of inequality, pitiless, misanthropic, most wretched. Because of this, the life of man is full of irregularity; some, from the abundance of their possessions, sail upon the surplus as if it were an insatiable food, while others are pressed by hunger and want.

Some lie down under golden roofs and inhabit houses like small cities, adorned with baths, varied houses, and porticoes serving for a very long time and with every kind of luxury; others do not seem to have a roof, but when they cannot live in the open air, they flee to the furnaces of the baths or encounter bad innkeepers, and like pigs they root in the dung, devising for themselves the necessary warmth.

And the human being, the animal that is alike, has such a difference in diet compared to the kind that is alike; no one else has this disorder and this irregularity being introduced by greed. One is unseemly with his meals being meager, and another, to have his walls clothed in countless purple slabs, dresses them. The poor man lacks bread upon a wooden table, and the one enjoying luxury is entertained by the luster of the material, having spread a silver table wide. And how much more just was it for one to be satisfied with eating by another luxury, while the value of the table is the luxury of the destitute?

Another, old and unable to walk or limping due to some infirmity, does not possess a donkey, a necessary vehicle for his need; and another, because of a multitude of herds, does not know his horses. One is in want of oil to light a lamp; and another is rich with single lamps. One is thrown upon the ground, and the one who is wretchedly rich is surrounded by the world of the bed, having a silver sphere and chains instead of sheets.

These are the results of insatiable greed. For if it had not introduced inequality into life, these extremes and commonnesses would not have been, nor would the various misfortunes make our life unpleasantly tearful.

Greek

συνελαύνων αὐτὸν πρὸς τοὺς τάφους ὑγαίνοντα καὶ βαδίζοντα. 3.11.4 Ἂν κούφως ἀναβῇ τὸν ἵππον, ὑπερθαυμάζει· ἂν τροφῆς ἐρρωμενέστερον μεταλάβῃ, γογγύζει· ἂν τοὺς οἰκέτας ἐωθινὸς διεγείρῃ πρὸς τὰς ὑπηρεσίας, τῇ ἐγρηγόρσει καὶ τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ γέροντος ἄχθεται. Ἂν δὲ καὶ δωρήσηταί τι τῶν κειμηλίων ἢ οἰκέτην ἀφῇ τῆς δουλείας, τότε δὴ τότε καὶ λῆρος καὶ παραπαίων καὶ τοὺς τῆς ζωῆς ὑπερβὰς ὅρους καὶ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων σπαθητὴς καὶ πᾶν βλάσφημον ἀκούων ἐμπαροινεῖται· διὰ τί μὴ ταχέως ἀπέθανεν ἐγκαλούμενος. 3.11.5 Σὸς οὗτος, ὦ μιαρὴ πλεονεξία, καρπός· παρὰ σοῦ τὰ κέντρα λαμβάνων ὁ παῖς πολέμιος γίνεται τοῦ γεννήσαντος. Σὺ πληροῖς τὴν γῆν λῃστῶν καὶ φονευτῶν, καταποντιστῶν δὲ θάλασσαν, τὰς πόλεις θορύβων, τὰ δικαστήρια ψευδομαρτύρων, συκοφαντῶν, προδοτῶν, συνηγόρων, δικαστῶν ἐκεῖ ῥεπόντων, ὅπου δ' ἂν σὺ καθελκύσῃς. 3.12.1 Πλεονεξία μήτηρ τῆς ἀνισότητος, ἀνηλεής, μισάνθρωπος, ὠμοτάτη. ∆ιὰ ταύτην ὁ τῶν ἀνθρώπων βίος ἀνωμαλίας γέμει· καὶ οἱ μὲν ἐκ τοῦ κόρου ναυτιῶσι τὴν περισσείαν τῶν κτημάτων οἷον τροφὴν ἄπληστον ἀποβλύζοντες, ἄλλοι δὲ λιμῷ καὶ ἐνδείᾳ πιεζόμενοι κινδυνεύουσιν. 3.12.2 Οἱ μὲν ὑπ' ὀρόφοις χρυσοπάστοις κατάκεινται καὶ ὡς μικρὰς πόλεις οἰκοῦσι τὰς οἰκίας, λουτροῖς καὶ οἴκοις ποικίλοις καὶ στοαῖς ἐπὶ μακρότατον διηκούσαις καὶ παντοίᾳ πολυτελείᾳ κεκοσμημένας· ἕτεροι δὲ δύο δοκῶν σκέπην οὐκ ἔχουσιν, ἀλλ' ὅταν ἐν ὑπαίθρῳ διαζῆν μὴ δύνωνται, ἢ πρὸς τὰς καμίνους καταφεύγουσι τῶν λουτρῶν ἢ καὶ τοῖς βαλανεῦσι κακοξένοις περιτυχόντες, παραπλησίως τοῖς χοίροις τὴν κόπρον ὀρύττοντες τὴν ἀναγκαίαν θέρμην ἑαυτοῖς μηχανῶνται. 3.12.3 Καὶ τὸ ὁμότιμον ζῷον, ὁ ἄνθρωπος, τοσαύτην ἔχει τὴν διαφορὰν τῆς διαίτης πρὸς τὸ ὁμόφυλον· οὐκ ἄλλου τινὸς τὴν ἀταξίαν ταύτην καὶ τὴν ἀνωμαλίαν ἢ τῆς πλεονεξίας ἐπεισαγούσης. Ὁ μὲν γυμνοῖς ἀσχημονεῖ τοῖς μέλεσι καὶ ὁ ἄλλος πρὸς τὸ τὴν ἐσθῆτα δυσαρίθμητον ἔχειν πορφυραῖς πλαξὶν τοὺς τοίχους ἐνδύει. Ὁ πένης ἐπὶ ξυλίνης τραπέζης ἄρτον ἀπορεῖ διαθρύψαι καὶ ὁ τρυφῶν ἀργυρῆν τράπεζαν ἐλάσας εἰς πλάτος τῷ στίλβοντι ψυχαγωγεῖται τῆς ὕλης. Καὶ πόσῳ δικαιώτερον ἦν τὸν μὲν ἑστιᾶσθαι ἀρκούμενον τῇ ἄλλῃ τρυφῇ, τῆς τραπέζης δὲ τὴν τιμὴν τῶν ἀπόρων εἶναι τρυφήν; 3.12.4 Ἄλλος γηραιὸς καὶ βαδίζειν ἀδυνατῶν ἢ διά τινα λώβην χωλεύων 16 ὄνον οὐ κέκτηται, ἀναγκαῖον τῆς χρείας ὄχημα· καὶ ἕτερος διὰ πλῆθος τὰς ἀγέλας οὐ γνωρίζει τῶν ἵππων. Τῷ μὲν ἐλαίου ἐνδεῖ πρὸς τὸ λύχνον ἀνάψαι· καὶ ἄλλος μόναις ταῖς λυχνίαις πλουτεῖ. Ὁ μὲν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐδάφους ἔρριπται καὶ ὁ μάτην πλουτῶν τῷ κόσμῳ τῆς κλίνης περιαστράπτεται, ἀργυρᾶς σφαίρας ἐχούσης καὶ ἁλύσεις ἀντὶ τῶν σχοίνων. 3.12.5 Ταῦτα τὰ τῆς ἀκορέστου πλεονεξίας ἀποτελέσματα. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ εἰσήγαγεν εἰς τὸν βίον τὴν ἀνισότητα, οὐκ ἂν αὗται ἦσαν τῆς ἀνωμαλίας αἱ ἐξοχαὶ καὶ κοι λότητες, οὐδ' ἂν αἱ ποικίλαι συμφοραὶ ἀηδῆ καὶ πολύδακρυν τὴν ζωὴν ἡμῶν