Hermeneutics and Types

Clement of Alexandria, Miscellanies 1

Clement of Alexandria · c. 150–c. 215 AD

We have said enough about true knowledge in passing; let us move on to what follows. We must examine faith again, because some people distinguish our faith concerning the Son from our knowledge concerning the Father. They fail to see that we must truly believe in the Son — that He is the Son, that He came, how and why He came, and concerning His passion — and that we must know who the Son of God is. Now knowledge cannot exist without faith, nor faith without knowledge, nor the Father without the Son; for the Father is Father of the Son, and the Son is the true teacher concerning the Father. In order to believe in the Son, one must know the Father, toward whom the Son also directs us. And again, in order to know the Father, one must believe in the Son, because the Son of God teaches; for the movement is from faith to knowledge, through the Son to the Father. Knowledge of the Son and the Father is the contemplation and apprehension of truth through truth, according to the true gnostic rule.

We, therefore, are the ones who are faithful in what is disbelieved and knowledgeable in what is unknown — that is, in what is unknown and disbelieved by everyone, yet believed and known by a few. And we are knowledgeable not merely in word, recording deeds, but in the very contemplation itself. Blessed is the one who speaks to those who have ears to hear; faith is the ears of the soul, and the Lord commends this faith when He says, 'Whoever has ears to hear, let them hear' (Matthew 11:15), so that, having believed, one may understand what is said, just as it is said. Even Homer, the oldest of the poets, using the specific for the general, wrote that 'they heard with their own ears'; for the whole symphony and harmony of both faiths converges on a single end: salvation.

The Apostle bears true witness to us, saying, 'I long to see you, that I may impart some spiritual gift to strengthen you — that is, that you and I may be mutually encouraged by each other's faith' (Romans 1:11-12). And again he adds, 'The righteousness of God is revealed in it from faith to faith' (Romans 1:17). The Apostle thus appears to proclaim a twofold faith, or rather one faith that admits growth and perfection. Common faith lies like a foundation (for the Lord said to those who longed to be healed, 'Your faith has saved you' — Luke 7:50; 8:48), while exceptional faith, built upon that foundation, is perfected in the faithful and joined to the faith that comes from learning and keeping the commandments of the Word — such as the Apostles were, of whom it is said that they could move mountains and transplant trees (Matthew 17:20; Mark 11:23).

Greek

Περὶ μὲν τοῦ γνωστικοῦ τοσαῦτα ὡς ἐν ἐπιδρομῇ, χωρῶμεν δὲ ἤδη ἐπὶ τὰ ἑξῆς, καὶ δὴ τὴν πίστιν αὖθις διαθρητέον· εἰσὶ γὰρ οἱ τὴν μὲν πίστιν ἡμῶν περὶ περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ, τὴν δὲ γνῶσιν περὶ τοῦ πατρὸς εἶναι διαστέλλοντες. λέληθεν δὲ αὐτοὺς ὅτι πιστεῦσαι μὲν ἀληθῶς τῷ υἱῷ δεῖ, ὅτι τε υἱὸς καὶ ὅτι ἦλθεν καὶ πῶς καὶ διὰ τί καὶ περὶ τοῦ πάθους, γνῶναι δὲ ἀνάγκη τίς ἐστὶν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ. ἤδη δὲ οὔτε ἡ γνῶσις ἄνευ πίστεως οὔθ’ ἡ πίστις ἄνευ γνώσεως, οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ ὁ πατὴρ ἄνευ υἱοῦ· ἅμα γὰρ τῷ πατὴρ υἱοῦ πατήρ, υἱὸς δὲ περὶ πατρὸς ἀληθὴς διδάσκαλος. καὶ ἵνα τις πιστεύσῃ τῷ υἱῷ, γνῶναι δεῖ τὸν πατέρα πρὸς ὃν καὶ ὁ υἱός. αὖθίς τε ἵνα τὸν πατέρα ἐπιγνῶμεν, πιστεῦσαι δεῖ τῷ υἱῷ, ὅτι ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ υἱὸς διδάσκει· ἐκ πίστεως γὰρ εἰς γνῶσιν, διὰ υἱοῦ πατήρ· γνῶσις δὲ υἱοῦ καὶ πατρὸς ἡ κατὰ τὸν κανόνα τὸν γνωστικὸν τὸν τῷ ὄντι γνωστικὸν ἐπιβολὴ καὶ διάληψίς ἐστιν ἀληθείας διὰ τῆς ἀληθείας. ἡμεῖς ἄρα ἐσμὲν οἱ ἐν τῷ ἀπιστουμένῳ πιστοὶ καὶ οἱ ἐν τῷ ἀγνώστῳ γνωστικοί, τουτέστιν ἐν τῷ πᾶσιν ἀγνοουμένῳ καὶ ἀπιστουμένῳ, ὀλίγοις δὲ πιστευομένῳ τε καὶ γινωσκομένῳ γνωστικοί· γνωστικοὶ δὲ οὐ λόγῳ, ἔργα ἀπογραφόμενοι, ἀλλ’ αὐτῇ τῇ θεωρίᾳ. Μακάριος ὁ λέγων εἰς ὦτα ἀκουόντων· πίστις δὲ ὦτα ψυχῆς, καὶ ταύτην αἰνίσσεται τὴν πίστιν ὁ κύριος λέγων ὁ ἔχων ὦτα ἀκούειν ἀκουέτω, ἵνα δὴ πιστεύσας συνῇ ἃ λέγει, ὡς λέγει. ἀλλά τοι καὶ Ὅμηρος ὁ ποιητῶν πρεσβύτατος ἐπὶ τοῦ αἰσθάνεσθαι τῷ ἀκούειν, εἰδικῷ ἀντὶ γενικοῦ, χρησάμενος μάλιστα δέ τ’ ἔκλυον αὐτοὶ γράφει· τὸ γὰρ ὅλον ἡ συνῳδία καὶ ἡ συμφωνία τῆς ἀμφοῖν πίστεως εἰς ἓν πέρας καταγίνεται τὴν σωτηρίαν. μάρτυς ἡμῖν νημερτὴς ὁ ἀπόστολος λέγων· ἐπιποθῶ γὰρ ἰδεῖν ὑμᾶς, ἵνα τι μεταδῶ χάρισμα ὑμῖν πνευματικὸν εἰς τὸ στηριχθῆναι ὑμᾶς· τοῦτο δέ ἐστι συμπαρακληθῆναι ἐν ὑμῖν διὰ τῆς ἐν ἀλλήλοις πίστεως ὑμῶν τε καὶ ἐμοῦ. καὶ πάλιν ὑποβὰς ἐπάγει· δικαιοσύνη δὲ θεοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ ἀποκαλύπτεται ἐκ πίστεως εἰς πίστιν. φαίνεται οὖν ὁ ἀπόστολος διττὴν καταγγέλλων πίστιν, μᾶλλον δὲ μίαν, αὔξησιν καὶ τελείωσιν ἐπιδεχομένην· ἡ μὲν γὰρ κοινὴ πίστις καθάπερ θεμέλιος ὑπόκειται (τοῖς γοῦν θεραπευθῆναι ποθοῦσιν ὁ κύριος πιστῶς κινουμένοις ἐπέλεγεν· ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε·), ἡ δὲ ἐξαίρετος ἐποικοδομουμένη συντελειοῦται τῷ πιστῷ καὶ συναπαρτίζεται αὖ τῇ ἐκ μαθήσεως περιγινομένῃ καὶ τοῦ λόγου τὰς ἐντολὰς ἐπιτελεῖν, ὁποῖοι ἦσαν οἱ ἀπόστολοι, ἐφ’ ὧν τὴν πίστιν ὄρη μετατιθέναι καὶ δένδρα μεταφυτεύειν δύνασθαι εἴρηται.

← Hermeneutics and Types