Imitating the advantages of irrational creatures
The ant is slothful, but the bee is skillful. For as has been said, there are advantages belonging to irrational creatures which are arranged in a logical order; yet these are spoken of regarding us as shame and reproach. For he says, 'Imitate the ant,' since you shall not imitate God.
Never have you seen a legitimate father rebuking his children and, after much instruction, leading them to imitate a servant; would he say such things openly? Should one imitate even the servant, though inferior in status but superior in skill? Therefore, the philanthropic God, to demonstrate our ignorance, brings forward the ant to rebuke our sloth, and the bee to rebuke our idleness. It is clear from these things that nothing evil came from God, but He gave you perception and a discerning mind, so that you might flee the habits of irrational animals and seize their advantages. For even a lion can be an image of virtue, when the image is taken not toward tyranny, but toward courage; for tyranny is one thing, and courage is another.
For this reason also the Scripture, announcing the Savior about to rise from Judah, says: 'A roar of a lion of Judah; from a whelp, my son, he ascended; having risen, he lay down like a lion, and like a roaring lion.' See how the divine word constructs such a likeness from the advantages belonging to irrational creatures. It is possible, therefore, to imitate a lion with prudence; and it is possible to imitate a serpent, not in striking with venom, but in taking up prudence, just as the Savior says to the apostles: 'Become wise as serpents.' Therefore, if the creation were an evil thing, he would not call his own image to imitate the evil, saying, 'Become wise as serpents.' To imitate the serpent is not to imitate the venom or the anger, but the prudence. For if you imitate the venom, David cries out accusing you, saying, 'Their anger is according to the likeness of the serpent'; but if you imitate its prudence, you become a disciple of Christ, who said, 'Become wise as serpents.' Since the serpent is known to be wiser than all the beasts, it sets prudence against prudence, not so that you may learn to practice deceit, but so that you may learn to avoid deceit.
For the philanthropic God wills us to be not evil-doers, but all-wise; for the all-wise is one thing, and the evil-doer is another. To be all-wise is not to practice evil, but to avoid evil; and one uses shrewdness not to practice fraud against others, but to escape what is being woven by others. An evil-doer, however, is a murderer or a deceiver, one devising evils against others. Such was Jacob, wise, as wise as a serpent, but not venomous as a serpent. For when he was about to encounter his brother Esau, who was full of malice and murder, he appealed to God, saying, 'Lord, save me from my brother Esau, for I fear him.'
Greek
μύρμηκος τὸ ἄοκνον, ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς μελίσσης τὸ φιλότεχνον; Ἔστι γὰρ, ἔστιν, ὡς ἔφθην εἰπὼν, ἀπανθήσασθαί τινα καὶ τῶν ἀλόγων πλεονεκτήματα ἁρμόζοντα λογικῇ καταστάσει· πλήν γε ταῦτα πρὸς ἡμετέραν λέγονται αἰσχύνην καὶ ὄνειδος. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ Θεὸν οὐκ ἐμιμήσω, μίμησαι, φησὶ, τὸν μύρμηκα. Οὐκ εἶδές ποτε πατέρα γνήσιον ἐπιτιμῶντα τὰ τέκνα, καὶ μετὰ πολλὴν παιδείαν εἰς μίμησιν αὐτὰ οἰκετῶν ἀνάγοντα, καὶ ταῦτα προφανῶς λέγοντα· Μίμησαι κἂν τὸν οἰκέτην, ὑποδεέστερον μὲν τῇ ἀξίᾳ, ὑπερέχοντα δὲ τῇ ἐπιστήμῃ; Ὅθεν ὁ 56.520 φιλάνθρωπος Θεὸς εἰς ἔνδειξιν τῆς ἡμετέρας ἀγνωμοσύνης προσφέρει τὸν μύρμηκα ἐλέγχοντα ἡμῶν τὸν ὄκνον, καὶ τὴν μέλιτταν ἐλέγχουσαν ἡμῶν τὴν ῥᾳθυμίαν. Καὶ δῆλον ἐκ τούτων, ὅτι οὐδὲν κακὸν ἐγένετο παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀλλ' ἔδωκέ σοι αἴσθησιν καὶ νοῦν διακριτικὸν, φεύγειν μὲν τῶν ἀλόγων τὰ ἤθη, ἁρπάζειν δὲ αὐτῶν τὰ πλεονεκτήματα. ∆ύναται γὰρ καὶ ὁ λέων εἰκὼν εἶναι ἀρετῆς, ὅταν μὴ εἰς τυραννίδα τὴν εἰκόνα, ἀλλ' εἰς ἀνδρείαν ἐκλάβῃς· ἄλλο γάρ ἐστι τυραννὶς, καὶ ἕτερον ἀνδρεία. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἡ Γραφὴ τὸν ἐκ τοῦ Ἰούδα μέλλοντα ἀνατέλλειν εὐαγγελιζομένη Σωτῆρα, φησί· Σκύμνος λέοντος Ἰούδα· ἐκ βλαστοῦ, υἱέ μου, ἀνέβης· ἀναπεσὼν ἐκοιμήθης ὡς λέων, καὶ ὡς σκύμνος. Ὅρα πηλίκην ὁ θεῖος λόγος ὁμοιότητα κατασκευάζει ἐκ τῶν τοῖς ἀλόγοις προσόντων πλεονεκτημάτων. Ἔστι τοίνυν μιμεῖσθαι λέοντα μετὰ συνέσεως· ἔστι δὲ μιμεῖσθαι καὶ ὄφιν, οὐκ ἐν τῷ ἰοβολεῖν, ἀλλ' ἐν τῷ σύνεσιν ἀναλαμβάνειν· καθὼς καὶ ὁ Σωτὴρ τοῖς ἀποστόλοις φησί· Γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι, ὡς ὁ ὄφις. Ὅθεν, εἰ φαῦλον ἦν τὸ κτίσμα, οὐκ ἂν εἰς μίμησιν τοῦ φαύλου προσεκαλεῖτο τὴν ἑαυτοῦ εἰκόνα, Γίνεσθε, λέγων, φρόνιμοι ὡς ὄφις· μίμησαι τοῦ ὄφεως μὴ τὸν ἰὸν, μὴ τὸν θυμὸν, ἀλλὰ τὴν σύνεσιν. Ἐὰν γὰρ τὸν ἰὸν μιμήσῃ, καταβοᾷ σου ∆αυῒδ κατηγορῶν καὶ λέγων· Θυμὸς αὐτοῖς κατὰ τὴν ὁμοίωσιν τοῦ ὄφεως· ἐὰν δὲ τὴν σύνεσιν αὐτοῦ μιμήσῃ, μαθητὴς γίνῃ Χριστοῦ τοῦ εἰπόντος· Γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι ὡς ὁ ὄφις. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ὁ ὄφις φρονιμώτερός ἐστι πάντων τῶν θηρίων, ὡς ἀρτίως ὑπανεγνώσθη, ἀντέθηκε τῇ φρονήσει φρόνησιν, οὐχ ἵνα μάθῃς δόλον ποιεῖν, ἀλλ' ἵνα μάθῃς δόλον ἐκκλίνειν. βʹ. Βούλεται γὰρ ἡμᾶς ὁ φιλάνθρωπος Θεὸς οὐχὶ κακούργους εἶναι, ἀλλὰ πανούργους· ἕτερον δέ ἐστι τὸ πανοῦργον, καὶ ἕτερον τὸ κακοῦργον. Πανοῦργος τοίνυν ἐστὶν οὐκ εἰς τὸ μελετᾷν κακίαν, ἀλλ' εἰς τὸ φεύγειν κακίαν· καὶ κέχρηται τῇ πανουργίᾳ οὐκ εἰς τὸ μηχανοῤῥαφεῖν καθ' ἑτέρων, ἀλλ' εἰς τὸ τὰ ὑφ' ἑτέρων πλεκόμενα διαφεύγειν· κακοῦργος δέ ἐστιν ὁ φονεὺς, ὁ δόλιος, ὁ ἑτέροις κακὰ τεκταινόμενος. Τοιοῦτος φρόνιμος ὁ Ἰακὼβ, φρόνιμος ὡς ὁ ὄφις, οὐκ ἰοβόλος ὡς ὁ ὄφις. Ὅτε γὰρ ἔμελλε συμβάλλειν τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ Ἡσαὺ κακίας γέμοντι καὶ φονοκτονίας, παρεκάλει τὸν Θεὸν λέγων, Κύριε, ῥῦσαί με ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ μου Ἡσαὺ, ὅτι φοβοῦμαι αὐτὸν
About this text
Sermons on the six days of creation: what God made, and what it teaches about virtue.
Catalogue & scope
Khazarzar scan
Witnesses
- Copy-text PG 65 (Khazarzar) (Greek)
This is an AI-assisted study translation. Source fidelity and completeness have not been independently certified. Open Greek on each section for the source text. This is not a complete critical edition.