Which ancient guides should we follow?
We must consider whom Celsus wants us to follow, as though we shall not be at a loss for ancient guides and holy men. He sends us back to “inspired poets”, as he calls them, and to “wise men and philosophers”, without giving them names; and though he promises to show us the guides, he speaks in vague terms of “the inspired poets and wise men and philosophers”. If he had given the names of each of them, it would have seemed reasonable for us to contend that he gives us guides who are blind about the truth, so that we should go astray; or, if not wholly blind, at least mistaken about many doctrines of the truth.
Whether, then, he means that Orpheus is an inspired poet, or Parmenides, or Empedocles, or even Homer himself, or Hesiod, let whoever wishes show how those who use such guides travel the road better, and are more helped in the conduct of life, than those who, through the teaching of Jesus Christ, have left behind all statues and images, and indeed all Jewish superstition too, and who, through the Word of God, look up to God alone, the Father of the Word.
And who are the wise men or the philosophers from whom Celsus wants us to hear “many divine things”? Are we to leave behind Moses, the servant of God (Numbers 12:7), and the prophets of the Maker of the universe, who in truth have spoken numberless things by inspiration? And are we to leave him who shone upon the human race and proclaimed the way of the worship of God, and who, as far as lay in him, left no one without a taste of his own mysteries? Rather, through his surpassing love for mankind he is able to give the more intelligent a theology that can lift the soul up from the things of this world; and yet no less does he come down also to the lower capacities of unlearned men and simpler women and slaves, and, in a word, of those whom no one helped but Jesus alone, so that they might live better, as far as they could, with such doctrines about God as they were able to receive.
Greek
Τίνι δὲ καὶ ἕπεσθαι ἡμᾶς ὁ Κέλσος βούλεται ὡς οὐκ ἀπορήσοντας παλαιῶν ἡγεμόνων καὶ ἱερῶν ἀνδρῶν κατανοητέον. ἀναπέμπει ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ ἐνθέους, ὡς λέγει, ποιητὰς καὶ σοφοὺς (καὶ) φιλοσόφους, μὴ τιθεὶς αὐτοῖς ὀνόματα, καὶ τοὺς ὁδηγοὺς δείξειν ἐπαγγελλόμενος ἀορίστως ἀποφαίνεται τοὺς ἐνθέους ποιητὰς καὶ σοφοὺς καὶ φιλοσόφους. εἰ δ᾿ ἐτίθει τὰ ὀνόματα ἑκάστου τούτων, κἂν ἀγωνίζεσθαι εὔλογον ἡμῖν ἐφαίνετο, ὅτι τυφλώττοντας περὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ὁδηγοὺς ἡμῖν δίδωσιν, ἵνα σφάλωμεν, ἢ εἰ καὶ μὴ πάνυ τυφλώττοντας, περὶ πολλά γε τῆς ἀληθείας δόγματα ἐσφαλμένους. εἴτ᾿ οὖν Ὀρφέα βούλεται ἔνθεον εἶναι ποιητὴν εἴτε Παρμενίδην εἴτ᾿ Ἐμπεδοκλέα εἴτε καὶ αὐτὸν Ὀμηρον ἢ καὶ Ἡσίοδον, δεικνύτω ὁ βουλόμενος, πῶς βέλτιον ὁδεύσουσιν οἱ τοιούτοις ὁδηγοῖς χρώμενοι καὶ ὠφέληνται περὶ τῶν κατὰ τὸν βίον παρὰ τοὺς καταλιπόντας διὰ τὴν Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ διδασκαλίαν πάντα ἀγάλματα καὶ ἱδρύματα ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσαν Ἰουδαϊκὴν δεισιδαιμονίαν καὶ πρὸς μόνον ἀναβλέποντας διὰ τοῦ λόγου τοῦ θεοῦ τὸν πατέρα τοῦ λόγου θεόν. τίνες δὲ καὶ οἱ σοφοὶ ἢ οἱ φιλόσοφοι, παρ᾿ ὧν βούλεται πολλὰ καὶ θεῖα ἀκοῦσαι ἡμᾶς ὁ Κέλσος, καταλιπόντας θεράποντα θεοῦ Μωϋσέα καὶ προφήτας τοῦ τῶν ὅλων δημιουργοῦ, ἀληθῶς ἐνθέως μυρία ὅσα εἰρηκότας, καὶ αὐτὸν ἐπιλάμψαντα τῷ γένει τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ καταγγείλαντα ὁδὸν θεοσεβείας καὶ μηδένα τὸ ὅσον ἐφ᾿ ἑαυτῷ ἄγευστον καταλιπόντα τῶν ἰδίων μυστηρίων, ἀλλὰ δι᾿ ὑπερβάλλουσαν φιλανθρωπίαν ἔχοντα μὲν διδόναι τοῖς συνετωτέροις θεολογίαν, ἐπᾶραι τὴν ψυχὴν ἀπὸ τῶν τῇδε πραγμάτων δυναμένην. οὐδὲν (δ᾿) ἧττον συγκαταβαίνοντα καὶ ταῖς ὑποδεεστέραις ἕξεσιν ἰδιωτῶν ἀνδρῶν καὶ ἁπλουστέρων γυναικῶν οἰκετῶν τε καὶ ἁπαξαπλῶς τῶν ὑπὸ μηδενὸς ἢ Ἰησοῦ μόνου βεβοηθημένων πρὸς τὸ, ὡς ἐνεχώρει, βέλτιον αὐτοὺς βιοῦν μετὰ δογμάτων ὧν ἐδύναντο περὶ θεοῦ χωρεῖν;