Philosophers do not keep foolish ancestral customs
By these words Celsus’s argument seems to be making its way to the claim that all men ought to live according to their ancestral customs, and would not be blamed for doing so, while the Christians, who have abandoned their ancestral customs and are not one particular nation, as the Jews are, are open to blame for attaching themselves to the teaching of Jesus.
Let him tell us, then: will those who study philosophy and are taught not to be superstitious be right to abandon their ancestral customs, so far as even to eat things forbidden in their homelands, or will they be doing what is not fitting? For if, because of philosophy and the lessons they learn against superstition, they do not keep their ancestral customs and would even eat what their fathers forbade them, why should Christians not do this without blame as well? For reason requires them not to busy themselves with statues and shrines, nor even with the works of God, but to rise above these and to present the soul to the Creator; in this they do what corresponds to what the philosophers do.
But suppose that Celsus, or those who approve of his views, will say, to protect the position he has set himself, that even a man who has taken up philosophy will keep his ancestral customs. Then it is high time for philosophers, among the Egyptians for instance, to become utterly ridiculous, taking care not to eat an onion, so as to keep their ancestral customs, or certain parts of the body, such as the head and the shoulder, so as not to break what their fathers handed down to them. And I am not yet speaking of those Egyptians who shudder at the trivial noises the body makes in passing wind, to point out that if one of these becomes a philosopher and keeps his ancestral customs, he would be a ridiculous philosopher doing unphilosophical things.
In the same way, then, a man who has been led by reason to worship the God of the universe, and who because of his ancestral customs stays somewhere down below among the statues and the shrines men have set up, and is unwilling to rise to the Creator by his own choice, would be like those who have learned the lessons of philosophy, yet fear what is not to be feared and think it impiety to eat this or that.
Greek
Διὰ τούτων δὲ ὁδεύειν δοκεῖ τῷ Κέλσῳ ὁ λόγος ἐπὶ τὸ δεῖν πάντας ἀνθρώπους κατὰ τὰ πάτρια ζῆν, οὐκ ἂν μεμφθέντας ἐπὶ τούτῳ· Χριστιανοὺς δὲ τὰ πάτρια καταλι πόντας καὶ οὐχ ἕν τι τυγχάνοντας ἔθνος ὡς Ἰουδαῖοι ἐγκλήτως προστίθεσθαι τῇ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ διδασκαλίᾳ. λεγέτω ουν ἡμῖν, πότερον καθηκόντως οἱ φιλοσοφοῦντες καὶ διδασκόμενοι μὴ δεισιδαιμονεῖν καταλείψουσι τὰ πάτρια, ὡς καὶ φαγεῖν τῶν ἀπηγορευμένων ἐν ταῖς πατρίσιν αὐτῶν, ἢ παρὰ τὸ καθῆκον τοῦτο πράξουσιν; εἰ μὲν γὰρ διὰ φιλοσοφίαν καὶ τὰ κατὰ δεισιδαιμονίας μαθήματα οὐ φυλάττοντες τὰ πάτρια καὶ φάγοιεν ἂν τῶν ἀπηγορευμένων αὐτοῖς ἐκ πατέρων, διὰ τί οὐχὶ καὶ Χριστιανοὶ, λόγου αἱροῦντος μὴ τευτάζειν περὶ τὰ ἀγάλματα καὶ τὰ ἱδρύματα ἢ καὶ περὶ τὰ δημιουργήματα τοῦ θεοῦ ἀλλ᾿ ὑπεραναβαίνειν καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν παριστάνειν τῷ δημιουργῷ, τὸ ἀνάλογον ποιοῦντες τοῖς φιλοσοφοῦσιν ἀνεγκλήτως τοῦτο πράττοιεν; εἰ δ᾿ ὑπὲρ τοῦ φυλάξαι τὴν προκειμένην ἑαυτῷ ὑπόθεσιν ὁ Κέλσος ἐρεῖ ἢ οἱ εὐδοκοῦντες τοῖς αὐτοῦ ὅτι καὶ φιλοσοφήσας τις τηρήσει τὰ πάτρια· ὥρα φιλοσόφους γελοιοτάτους φέρ᾿ εἰπεῖν ἐν Αἰγυπτίοις γενέσθαι φυλαττομένους ἐμφαγεῖν κρομύου, ἵνα τὰ πάτρια τηρῶσιν, ἢ μορίων τινῶν τοῦ σώματος οἷον κεφαλῆς καὶ ὤμου, ἵνα μὴ παραβαίνωσι τὰ ὑπὸ πατέρων αὐτοῖς παραδοθέντα. καὶ οὔπω λέγω περὶ τῶν τὰς τοῦ σώματος φλυαρίας ἐν φύσαις φριττόντων τῶν Αἰγυπτίων ὅτι, ἐὰν ἀπὸ τῶν τοιούτων τις φιλοσοφήσῃ καὶ τηρήσῃ τὰ πάτρια, γελοῖος ἂν εἴη φιλόσοφος ἀφιλόσοφα πράττων. οὕτως οὖν καὶ ὁ ὑπὸ τοῦ λόγου προσαχθεὶς ἐπὶ τὸ σέβειν τὸν τῶν ὅλων θεὸν καὶ διὰ τὰ πάτρια κάτω που μένων παρὰ τοῖς ἀγάλμασι καὶ τοῖς ἀνθρωπίνοις ἱδρύμασι καὶ μὴ βουλόμενος ἀναβῆναι τῇ προαιρέσει πρὸς τὸν δημιουργὸν παραπλήσιος ἂν γένοιτο τοῖς μαθοῦσι μὲν τὰ φιλοσοφίας φοβουμένοις δὲ τὰ μὴ φοβερὰ καὶ νομίζουσιν ἀσέβειαν εἶναι τὸ τοιῶνδε ἐμφαγεῖν.