To Florus 6.19
Someone may say here: What then? Do you deny that the innocence in which he was created was corrupted by committing a voluntary sin? Even if committing injustice does not destroy the possibility of returning to good, it is still certain that the standing of innocence with which human life begins perishes through a fault of will. I do not deny that this is so. But what I want these examples to illuminate is this: the qualities by which we are called good and evil were made to operate under the will’s authority. This was established so firmly that even innocence, which precedes the will’s activity because of the author’s dignity and is natural, has no power to preserve itself in a resisting mind. Therefore this principle must apply far, far more strongly on evil’s side: a fault adopted voluntarily must acquire no tyranny that destroys reason.
If the good quality with which humanity was made was not unchangeable—for someone unable to vary his own movements would falsely be called free—much less could an evil quality become unchangeable in a rational being. Otherwise the principle of freedom would suffer from evil’s side a restriction that, to preserve its condition, it had not suffered even from goodness’s side.
Latin
Hic dicat aliquis: Quid ergo? Tu negas illam innocentiam, in qua fuerat conditus, spontanei peccati admissione corruptam? Nam etsi possibilitas revertendi ad bonum commissa iniquitate non pereat; tamen certum est meritum innocentiae, cum qua humanum procedit exordium, voluntatis vitio deperire. At ego ita id esse non abnuo; sed illud est, quod his illuminatum exemplis volo, quia cum talis sit conditio facta qualitatum, per quas boni et mali dicimur, ut sub iure agitent voluntatis; tamque hoc sit serio constitutum, ut nec innocentia, quae pro dignitate auctoris officium antevenit voluntatis et naturalis est; tamen nulla se potestate in animo repugnante custodiat, longe longeque amplius hoc in mali parte ius valeat, ut nullam in rationis exitium tyrannidem capessat culpa voluntate suscepta. Et si bona qualitas, cum qua factus est homo, immutabilis non fuit (falso enim diceretur liber homo, si motus proprios variare non posset); multo magis qualitas mala fieri non potuit, ut immutabilis et rationalis; ne illa ratio libertatis praeiudicium a mali parte sentiret, quod propter statum suum nec a boni portione pertulerat.
About this text
Julian’s six preserved books to Florus, quoted section by section in Augustine’s unfinished reply. Augustine’s refutations are omitted. Latin of Julian’s words is on each section.
Julian’s own books do not survive as a separate manuscript. English follows his words as Augustine quotes them in the Unfinished Work Against Julian. Augustine’s replies are omitted. We do not restore a Julian text independent of Augustine.
Witnesses
- Copy-text Augustine, Unfinished Work Against Julian (Latin · Julian’s words as quoted, Books 1–6)
- Checked print Augustinus.it Latin of the Unfinished Work (Latin · Same work)
- Checked print Migne PL 45 (Latin · Hard cases)
This is an AI-assisted study translation. Source fidelity and completeness have not been independently certified. Open Latin on each section (or the Latin source witness link) for the source text. This is not a complete critical edition.