The Day That Was Neither Day nor Night
…for Christ came from them (Romans 9:5), the vine of our life (John 15:1); but it is we who gather his grapes, we who mix the wine, we who drink the new wine. “Your calf shall be slaughtered before you, and you shall not eat of it”: for theirs is the sacrifice of Christ – they led the calf from heaven up to the altar – but ours is the supper, ours the table.
And for what reason? Because they fell sick with unbelief, brought ignorance instead of knowledge, and at the time for theology slid into blasphemy. They entered the bridal chamber and did not receive the Bridegroom; they wreathed the wedding hall and refused the marriage; and when the cross was carried out, the elements were shaken, but they were not changed. For this is what he added next: “And your life shall hang before your eyes” (Deuteronomy 28:66). What is the life? Christ, who says: “I am the way and the life and the truth” (John 14:6). And where does it hang? On the wood of the cross. For he who hung the earth by a word (Job 26:7) hangs on the wood; on it he who carries is carried, he who suspends is suspended, he who lifts up is lifted up: “For when I am lifted up,” he says, “I will draw all to myself” (John 12:32). “And you shall fear day and night, and you shall not believe in your life” (Deuteronomy 28:66). So unbelief has become the cause of fear.
“You shall fear day and night”: for day and night were the same, because “there was darkness over all the land from the sixth hour” (Matthew 27:45). Hence Zechariah is at a loss what he ought rather to name it, what it is fitting to call it: whether the time of the cross should take its name from the darkness that fell or from the daylight that by rule belonged to it. So he says: “And on that day there shall be no light; and there shall be cold and frost. It is a great day; it shall be known to the Lord; not day nor night; and toward evening there shall be light. And on that day living water shall go out from Jerusalem, half of it to the first sea and half of it to the last sea” (Zechariah 14:6-8). These things happened both visibly and spiritually.
“On that day there shall be no light”: for the sun set at midday, and darkness and ignorance had been poured over the hearts of the Jews. “There shall be cold and frost.” Peter bears witness to this, warming himself by the charcoal fire because the winter season was at its height (John 18:18). But beyond this there was cold and frost, because the love of the Jews toward God had then grown especially cold; for otherwise they would not have crucified the Savior and Redeemer who came from him. “It is a great day.” How could it not be great, the day on which Adam was formed anew, sin was abolished, death was destroyed, the potter received back his vessel, the shepherd his sheep, the merchant his pearl? “It shall be known to God.” For how could he who knows all things not recognize above all that day, on which he gave up his only-begotten Son for sacrifice? “Not day nor night”: since by its course it was day, not night. “Toward evening there shall be light”: when, after the ninth hour, the darkness ceased. So the same time was both night and day.
“And living water shall go out from Jerusalem.” From where? From the side of the Life (John 19:34); for from the place where Eve was formed, from there the Church is fittingly formed (Genesis 2:21-22). “Half of it into the first sea”: that is, the sea of baptism. “And half of it into the last sea”: plainly, the sea of repentance. For the tears of repentance are what remains of the gift of baptism, and the proof is clear: one who has not been baptized repents in vain unless he hastens to be baptized; in vain he offers his prayer as a sacrifice, in vain he asks for pardon, in vain he pours out a spring of tears. For without baptism forgiveness of sins does not take place. But one who has been baptized has a repentance that works: he weeps and is set free; he groans and mourns and prays, and at once he is cleansed.
But hear also how the rest of the law’s prediction comes to pass: “In the morning you shall say, ‘When will it be evening?’ And in the evening you shall say, ‘When will it be morning?’” From what cause? “From the fear of your heart, with which you shall fear, and from the sights of your eyes, which you shall see” (Deuteronomy 28:67). Because of the signs and wonders that were being done at the time of the cross – the earth quaking, the sun fleeing, the sky hiding, the rocks splitting, the veil tearing, the tombs opening (Matthew 27:51-52) – they were afraid and troubled, and so they were naturally driven to say to one another: “When will it be evening, so that we may take the Life down from the cross, hide in the earth the one who came from heaven,…
Greek
ἐξ αὐτῶν γὰρ ἦν ὁ Χριστός, ἡ τῆς ζωῆς τῆς ἡμετέρας ἄμπελος· ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς αὐτοῦ τὴν σταφυλὴν τρυγῶμεν, ἡμεῖς τὸν οἶνον κιρνῶμεν, ἡμεῖς τὸ γλεῦκος πίνομεν. «Ὁ μόσχος σου ἐσφαγμένος ἐναντίον σου, καὶ οὐ φάγῃ ἐξ αὐτοῦ»· αὐτῶν γὰρ ἡ τοῦ Χριστοῦ θυσία, αὐτοὶ τὸν ἐξ οὐρανῶν μόσχον εἰς τὸν βωμὸν ἀνήγαγον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡμῶν τὸ δεῖπνον, ἡμετέρα ἡ τράπεζα. 14 Καὶ τίνος χάριν; Ἐπειδήπερ ἀπιστίαν ἐνόσησαν, ἀντὶ γνώσεως ἀγνωσίαν προσήνεγκαν, ἐν καιρῷ θεολογίας εἰς βλα σφημίαν ὠλίσθησαν. Ἔδυσαν τὴν παστάδα καὶ τὸν νυμφίον οὐκ ἐδέξαντο, τὸν γαμικὸν νυμφῶνα ἐστεφάνωσαν καὶ τὸν γά μον ἠρνήσαντο· καὶ πραττομένου τοῦ σταυροῦ, τὰ στοιχεῖα ἐσα λεύοντο, αὐτοὶ δὲ οὐ μετεβάλλοντο. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ὅπερ ἑξῆς ἐπήγαγεν· «Καὶ ἔσται σου ἡ ζωὴ κρεμαμένη ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν σου.» Τίς ἡ ζωή; Χριστὸς λέγων· «Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ὁδὸς καὶ ἡ ζωὴ καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια.» Καὶ ποῦ κρέμαται; Ἐπὶ τοῦ ξύλου τοῦ σταυροῦ. Ὁ γὰρ τὴν γῆν λόγῳ κρεμάσας ἐπὶ τοῦ ξύλου κρέμαται, ἐν ᾧ βαστάζεται βαστάζων, ἐν ᾧ κρέ μαται κρεμνῶν, ἐν ᾧ ὑψοῦται ὑψῶν· «Ὅταν γὰρ ὑψωθῶ», φησίν, «πάντας ἑλκύσω πρὸς ἐμαυτόν.» «Καὶ φοβηθήσῃ ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός, καὶ οὐ πιστεύσεις τῇ ζωῇ σου.» Οὐκοῦν αἰτία τοῦ φόβου ἡ ἀπιστία γεγένηται. 15 «Φοβηθήσῃ ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός»· ἡμέρα γὰρ ἡ αὐτὴ καὶ νύξ, διὰ τὸ «Κατὰ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν σκότος ἀπὸ ὥρας ἕκτης ἐτύγχανεν.» Ὅθεν ὁ Ζαχαρίας ἀπορεῖ τί χρὴ μᾶλλον αὐτὴν ὀνομάζειν, τί προσῆκον καλεῖν, πότερον ἀπὸ τοῦ συμβάντος σκό τους ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου τῆς ἡμέρας τοῦ σταυροῦ τὸν καιρὸν ὀνο μάζεσθαι. Οὕτω τοίνυν φησίν· «Καὶ ἔσται ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ, οὐκ ἔσται φῶς· καὶ ψῦχος καὶ πάγος ἔσται. Ἡμέρα με γάλη ἐστίν, γνωσθήσεται τῷ κυρίῳ. Οὐχ ἡμέρα οὐδὲ νύξ· καὶ ἔσται τὸ πρὸς ἑσπέραν ἔσται φῶς. Καὶ ἐξελεύσεται ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ὕδωρ ζῶν ἐξ Ἰερουσαλήμ· τὸ ἥμισυ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν θά λασσαν τὴν πρώτην, καὶ τὸ ἥμισυ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν τὴν ἐσχάτην.» Αἰσθητῶς δὲ ταῦτα καὶ νοητῶς συνέβαινεν. 16 «Ἔσται ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ, οὐκ ἔσται φῶς»· ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἥλιος μέσον ἡμέρας ἔδυνεν· σκότος δὲ καὶ ἀγνωσία ταῖς τῶν Ἰουδαίω<ν> καρδίαις ἐκκέχυτο. «Ψῦχος καὶ πάγος ἔσται.» Μαρτυρεῖ δὲ ὁ Πέτρος, παρὰ τὴν ἀνθρακιὰν διὰ τὴν ἀκμὴν τῆς ὥρας τοῦ χειμῶνος θερμαινόμενος. Ἀλλὰ πρὸς τοῦτο ψῦχος καὶ πάγος ἦν, ἐπειδὴ ψυγεῖσα τότε μάλιστα τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἦν ἡ πρὸς τὸν θεὸν ἀγάπη· οὐ γὰρ ἂν τὸν ἐλθόντα παρ' αὐτοῦ σω τῆρα καὶ λυτρωτὴν ἐσταύρωσαν. «Ἡμέρα μεγάλη ἐστίν.» 3 Πῶς γὰρ οὐ μεγάλη, ἐν ᾗ ὁ Ἀδὰμ ἀνεπλάσθη, ἡ ἁμαρτία κατηργήθη, κατελύθη ὁ θάνατος, ἀπέλαβεν τὸ σκεῦος ὁ κερα μεύς, τὸ πρόβατον ὁ ποιμήν, τὸν μαργαρίτην ὁ ἔμπορος; «Γνωσθήσεται τῷ θεῷ.» Πῶς γὰρ ὁ πάντα εἰδὼς ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν οὐκ ἐπιγνώσεται μάλιστα, ἐν ᾗ τὸν υἱὸν τὸν μονογενῆ πρὸς θυσίαν ἐκδέδωκεν; «Οὐχ ἡμέρα οὐδὲ νύξ», ἐπειδὴ δρόμος ἡμέρας οὐχὶ νυκτὸς ἐτύγχανεν. «Πρὸς ἑσπέραν ἔσται φῶς»· ἡνίκα μετὰ τὴν ἐνάτην ὥραν τὸ σκότος ἐπαύ σατο. Οὐκοῦν ἡ αὐτὴ καὶ νὺξ ἄρα καὶ ἡμέρα ἐγένετο. 17 «Καὶ ἐξελεύσεται ὕδωρ ζῶν ἐξ Ἰερουσαλήμ.» Πόθεν; Ἐκ τῆς πλευρᾶς τῆς ζωῆς· ὅθεν γὰρ ἡ Εὔα ἀνεπλάσθη, ἐκεῖ θεν εἰκότως ἡ ἐκκλησία πλάττεται. «Τὸ ἥμισυ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν τὴν πρώτην.» ∆ηλαδὴ τοῦ βαπτί<σ>ματος. «Καὶ τὸ ἥμισυ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν τὴν ἐσχάτην.» Τῆς μετα νοίας εὔδηλον. Τὰ γὰρ τῆς μετανοίας δάκρυα λείψανον τῆς δωρεᾶς ὑπάρχει τοῦ βαπτίσματος, ἀπόδειξις δὲ σαφής· ὁ μὴ βαπτισθεὶς μάτην μετανοεῖ, ἐὰν μὴ δραμὼν βαπτισθῇ· μά την θύει τὴν προσευχήν, μάτην αἰτεῖ συγγνώμην, μάτην πηγά ζει δάκρυα. Χωρὶς γὰρ βαπτίσματος ἄφεσις ἁμαρτημάτων οὐ πράττεται. Ὁ δὲ βαπτισθεὶς οὗτος ἐνεργὸν τὴν μετάνοιαν κέκτη ται· δακρύει καὶ λέλυται· στενάζει καὶ πενθεῖ καὶ προσεύ χεται, καὶ παραχρῆμα καθαίρεται. 18 Ἀλλὰ γὰρ ὅπως ἐκβαίνει καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῆς τοῦ νόμου προ αγορεύσεως ἄκουε· «Τὸ πρωῒ ἐρεῖς· "3Πῶς ἂν γένοιτο ἑσπέρα;"3 Καὶ τὸ ἑσπέρας ἐρεῖς· "3Πῶς ἂν γένοιτο πρωΐ;» Πόθεν; «Ἀπὸ τοῦ φόβου τῆς καρδίας σου, ἃ φοβηθήσῃ, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ὁραμάτων τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν σου, ὧν ὄψῃ.» Ἐπειδὴ τῶν σημείων καὶ τῶν θαυμάτων ἕνεκα, ἃ κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τοῦ σταυροῦ ὑπῆρχε πραττόμενα, σειομένης τῆς γῆς, τοῦ ἡλίου φεύγοντος, κρυπτο μένου τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, σχιζομένων τῶν πετρῶν, ῥηγνυμένου τοῦ κατα πετάσματος, ἀνοιγομένων τῶν μνημάτων, δειλιῶντες καὶ ταρατ τόμενοι, λέγειν εἰκότως πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἠναγκάζοντο· «Πῶς ἂν γένοιτο ἑσπέρα;» ἵνα καθέλωμεν τὴν ζωὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ, κρύψωμεν εἰς γῆν τὸν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ,