Commentary on Zechariah · §116

The Restoration of the Divided Kingdoms

to provide to the one who labored for the salvation of them and of the whole cosmos, but not so that 'the one who vivifies all things' might be denied.

It is necessary to cast the blasphemies, which the Jews bring against the Savior crucified for the sake of the whole creation, into the house of the God-breathed writings and into the vessel contained therein, so that they may be convicted of being unheeding, rather than opposing the prophecies concerning Christ and his cross.

4.129 Zach. XI, 14: And he cast away the second rod, the staff, to scatter the covenant between Judah and between Israel.

4.130 Our Savior and Lord has taken two rods, the beauty of which he first summoned, having previously cast away that called beauty, revealing the mysteries already made clear; now, having cast away the one called the staff, he scattered the covenant between Israel and Judah.

4.131 What is the staff called the staff? From the great song it is again to be learned. And the things of the song are held thus, as they were previously set forth: 'When the Most High divided the nations, as he scattered the sons of Adam, he set boundaries of nations according to the number of the angels of God, and there became a divided people of the Lord, his Jacob, a staff of inheritance, his Israel.' These things are said concerning the whole nation of the Hebrews being one rod and one portion. And for a long time the whole nation remained unsuitably acting as one rod, according to that which is proclaimed in the Psalms to the King and Forethinker of all: 'Remember your assembly, which I will gather from the beginning; I will redeem the rod of your inheritance.'

4.132 This one kingdom was divided into two leaderships, as Judah is called, and Ephraim, with those remaining in Jerusalem having the succession under the house of David from the tribe of Judah, and those having descended into Samaria having Jeroboam as leader, having sinned against Israel, being from the tribe of Ephraim.

4.133 And for a long time the wickedness of the division remained, with the king of Judah and the tyrant of Samaria apostatizing and contending against one another, until God may have mercy, and again show the twelve tribes as one kingdom, with only Judah holding as...

Concerning this restoration, it is brought forth in Hosea the prophet, the All-King saying: 'The sons of Israel and the sons of Judah shall be gathered, and they shall set for themselves one beginning and shall ascend from the land, because great is the day of Jezreel' (Hosea 2:23).

One must attend to the prophecy declaring that those being restored into one kingdom ascend from the land, making it clear that they exist down in the land, having been scattered by their own division away from the single hegemony. After the covenant of the schism having worked in the midst of Judah and Israel for a time, a scattering and a resolution of it occurs by the grace of the Savior, so that from the departure of the difference of the schisms, the so-called splintered rod might become one under a single king as before, he having the succession from Judah, so that there might be one flock and one shepherd existing under the lawful king of the whole nation.

Concerning such a restoration of the two kingdoms into one lawful beginning, it is brought forth in the prophet Ezekiel; and thus the prophetic voice has: 'And the word of the Lord came to me, saying: Son of man, take for yourself a rod and write upon it Judah and the sons of Israel lying near to it; and a second rod you shall take for yourself and write it: To Joseph, the rod of Ephraim and all the sons of Israel placed toward him. And you shall join them to one another to yourself into one rod to bind them, and they shall be in your hand' (Ezekiel 10:9-11).

And it shall be when they say to you, sons of your people, saying: 'Do you not announce to us what these things are to you?' (Ezekiel 11:17). And you shall say to them: 'Thus says the Lord, the Lord: Behold, I will take the tribe of Joseph through the hand of Ephraim and the tribes of Israel lying near to him, and I will give them upon the tribe of Judah; and the rods shall be upon which you have written them in your hand before them, and you shall say to them: 'Thus says the Lord, the Lord: Behold, I take the whole house of Israel from the midst of the nations, where they entered there and were, and I will gather them from all those around them and I will bring them into the land of Israel; and I will give them into one nation in my land and in the mountains of Israel' (Ezekiel 11:14-16).

Greek

παρασχεῖν τῷ κοπιάσαντι ὑπὲρ τῆς σωτηρίας αὐτῶν τε καὶ τοῦ σύμπαντος κόσμου, ἀλλ' οὐχ ἵνα ἀναιρεθῇ «ὁ τὸ πᾶν ζωοποιῶν». 4.128 Τὰς βλασφημίας, ἃς προφέρουσιν κατὰ τοῦ σταυρωθέντος ὑπὲρ ὅλης κτίσεως Σωτῆρος οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, εἰς τὸν οἶκον τῶν θεοπνεύστων γραφῶν καὶ τὸ ἐν αὐτῷ χωνευτήριον ἐμβαλεῖν καὶ καθεῖναι δεῖ, ἵν' ἐλεγχθῶσιν ἀπᾴδουσαι, μᾶλλον δὲ ἐναντιούμεναι ταῖς περὶ Χριστοῦ καὶ σταυροῦ αὐτοῦ προφητείαις. 4.129 Zach. XΙ, 14: Καὶ ἀπέρριψα τὴν ῥάβδον τὴν δευτέραν, τὸ σχοίνισμα, τοῦ διασκεδάσαι τὴν διαθήκην ἀνὰ μέσον Ἰούδα καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ 126 Ἰσραήλ. 4.130 ∆ύο ῥάβδους εἰληφὼς ὁ Σωτὴρ καὶ Κύριος ἡμῶν, ὧν τὴν μὲν καλλός, τὴν δὲ σχοίνισμα προσηγόρευσεν, πρότερον ἀπορρίψας τὴν κληθεῖσαν καλλός, μυστήρια ἐφανέρωσεν τὰ ἤδη σαφηνισθέντα. Νῦν τὴν ὀνομαζομένην σχοίνισμα ἀπορρίψας, διεσκέδασεν διαθήκην τὴν ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ Ἰούδα. 4.131 Τίς δέ ἐστιν ἡ κληθεῖσα σχοίνισμα ῥάβδος, ἐκ τῆς μεγάλης ᾠδῆς ἔστι πάλιν μαθεῖν. Ἔχει δὲ οὕτω τὰ τῆς ᾠδῆς ἃ καὶ πρότερον ἐκτέθειται· «Ὅτε διεμέριζεν ὕψιστος ἔθνη, ὡς διέσπειρεν υἱοὺς Ἀδάμ, ἔστησεν ὅρια ἐθνῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ἀγγέλων Θεοῦ, καὶ ἐγενήθη μερὶς Κυρίου λαὸς αὐτοῦ Ἰακώβ, σχοίνισμα κληρονομίας αὐτοῦ Ἰσραήλ.» Λέγεται δὲ ταῦτα περὶ παντὸς τοῦ Ἑβραίων ἔθνους ὄντος ῥάβδου καὶ μερίδος μιᾶς. Καὶ διέμεινέν γε μέχρι πολλοῦ ἄσχιστον τὸ πᾶν ἔθνος μία ῥάβδος χρηματίζον, κατὰ τὸ ἐν Ψαλμοῖς ἀπαγγελλόμενον πρὸς τὸν πάντων βασιλέα καὶ προνοητήν· «Μνήσθητι τῆς συναγωγῆς σου, ἧς ἐκτήσω ἀπ' ἀρχῆς· ἐλυτρώσω ῥάβδον κληρονομίας σου.» 4.132 Ἡ μία βασιλεία αὕτη εἰς δύο ἀρχὰς διῃρέθη, ὡς τὴν μὲν Ἰούδαν καλεῖσθαι, τὴν δὲ Ἐφράιμ, τῷ τοὺς μὲν ἀπομείναντας ἐν τῇ Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἄρχεσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ οἴκου ∆αυὶδ τὴν διαδοχὴν ἐχόντων ἐκ τῆς τοῦ Ἰούδα φυλῆς, τῶν εἰς τὴν Σαμάρειαν καταβάντων ἡγούμενον ἐχόντων τὸν Ἰεροβοὰν ἐξαμαρτήσαντα τὸν Ἰσραὴλ ὑπάρχοντα ἐκ τῆς τοῦ Ἐφράιμ φυλῆς. 4.133 Καὶ ἐπὶ πολύ γε ἡ τοῦ σχίσματος κακοπραγία διέμεινεν, διαστασιαζόντων καὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους διαφερομένων τοῦ βασιλέως τοῦ Ἰούδα καὶ τοῦ τυράννου τῆς Σαμαρείας, ἕως οἰκτείρῃ Θεός, πάλιν μίαν βασιλείαν τὰς δώδεκα φυλὰς ἀναδείξῃ, μόνου τοῦ Ἰούδα κρατοῦντος ὡς καὶ πρὸ τοῦ σχίσματος. 4.134 Περὶ ταύτης τῆς ἀποκαταστάσεως ἐν Ὠσῆε τῷ προφήτῃ φέρεται, τοῦ παμβασιλέως λέγοντος· «Συναχθήσονται οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰούδα, καὶ θήσουσιν αὐτοῖς ἀρχὴν μίαν καὶ ἀναβήσονται ἐκ τῆς γῆς, ὅτι μεγάλη ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ Ἰεσδραέλ.» 4.135 Ἐπιστατέον τῇ προφητείᾳ δηλούσῃ ὡς ἀναβαίνουσιν ἐκ τῆς γῆς οἱ εἰς μίαν βασιλείαν ἀποκαθιστάμενοι, κάτω ἐν τῇ γῇ δηλονότι ὑπάρχοντες, ὅτι διεστασίαζον πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς ἔξω τῆς μοναδικῆς ἡγεμονίας σκορπισθέντες. Τῆς τοῦ σχίσματος διαθήκης ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ Ἰούδα καὶ τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ πρὸς καιρὸν ἐνεργησάσης, σκεδασμὸς καὶ λύσις αὐτῆς χάριτι τοῦ Σωτῆρος γίνεται, ἵν' ἐκποδὼν τῆς διαφορᾶς τῶν σχισμάτων γεγενημένης, ἡ καλουμένη σχοίνισμα ῥάβδος ὑπὸ βασιλέα ἕνα ὡς πρότερον γένηται, τὸν ἐκ τοῦ Ἰούδα τὴν διαδοχὴν ἔχοντα, ὥστε μίαν ποίμνην καὶ ἕνα ποιμένα ὑπᾶρξαι ὑπὸ τοῦ νομίμου βασιλέως παντὸς τοῦ ἔθνους κρατουμένου. 4.136 Περὶ τῆς τοιαύτης ἀποκαταστάσεως τῶν δύο βασιλειῶν εἰς νόμιμον μίαν ἀρχήν, καὶ ἐν τῷ προφήτῃ Ἰεζεκιὴλ φέρεται· ἔχει δ' οὕτως ἡ προφητικὴ φωνή· «Καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος Κυρίου πρός με λέγων· Υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου, λαβὲ σεαυτῷ ῥάβδον καὶ γράψον ἐπ' αὐτὴν τὸν Ἰούδαν καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς Ἰσραὴλ τοὺς προσκειμένους ἐπ' αὐτόν· καὶ ῥάβδον δευτέραν λήμψῃ σεαυτῷ καὶ γράψεις αὐτήν· Τῷ Ἰωσήφ, ῥάβδον Ἐφράιμ καὶ πάντας τοὺς υἱοὺς Ἰσραὴτοὺς προστεθέντας πρὸς αὐτόν. Καὶ συνάψεις αὐτὰς πρὸς ἀλλήλας σαυτῷ εἰς ῥάβδον μίαν τοῦ δῆσαι αὐτάς, καὶ ἔσονται ἐν τῇ χειρί σου. 4.137 Καὶ ἔσται ὅταν λέγωσιν πρὸς σὲ υἱοὶ τοῦ λαοῦ σου λέγοντες· Οὐκ ἀπαγγέλλεις ἡμῖν τί ἐστιν ταῦτά σοι; Καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτούς· Τάδε λέγει Κύριος Κύριος· Ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ λήμψομαι τὴν φυλὴν Ἰωσὴφ τὴν διὰ χειρὸς Ἐφράιμ καὶ τὰς φυλὰς Ἰσραὴλ τὰς προσκειμένας πρὸς αὐτόν, καὶ δώσω αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ τὴν φυλὴν Ἰούδα· καὶ ἔσονται αἱ ῥάβδοι ἐφ' αἷς σὺ ἔγραψας ἐπ' αὐταῖς ἐν τῇ χειρί σου ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐρεῖς αὐτοῖς· 4.138 Τάδε λέγει Κύριος Κύριος· Ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ λαμβάνω πάντα οἶκον Ἰσραὴλ ἐκ μέσου τῶν ἐθνῶν, οὗ εἰσήλθοσαν ἐκεῖ καὶ συνάξω αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν περικύκλῳ αὐτῶν καὶ εἰσάξω αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν γῆν τοῦ Ἰσραήλ· καὶ δώσω αὐτοὺς εἰς ἔθνος ἓν ἐν τῇ γῇ μου καὶ ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν Ἰσραήλ, 127

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Didymus the Blind on Zechariah.

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