Commentary on the Psalms · §26

The Single Divine Operation and Christ's Victory over Death

They come as partners, and concerning them a lot is cast. If someone leaves an only-begotten son and appoints him as successor, all the things belonging to the deceased are his, and no lot is cast. But when many come upon the true heir saying, 'We too are children of him,' a division of his garments occurs. But they are not divided, only the words; for the same word is not held in different minds by hereticsrd toward his own mindset and will. Therefore, the diligent and truly faithful one possesses the whole robe of Jesus, not having it torn; so he does not cast a lot; the whole is his. For even if they cast a lot and use the words, they do not become his, they do not become masters of them; for a wise man according to Christ comes into the midst and shows that what he thinks is his is not his.

And what about garments and clothing? The garments together are called clothing, but each one by itself is not called clothing. And just as many sheep gathered together at once are called a flock, but each one is not called a flock, and people who have come together into one are called a people, but each one is not called a people. 20 'But You, Lord, do not delay Your help' (Psalm 70:5). If they exerted themselves in these things, even if they bring tribulation upon me, I have entreated You not to turn away, 'for tribulation is near' (Psalm 70:6). And the tribulation, if it has become near from those surrounding me like calves and bulls, from those scattering my bones, from those becoming causes to me such that my tongue is stuck to my throat, but You, do not delay Your help. Immediately then the resurrection of the Savior occurred, and immediately those who were scandalized turned back to Him. So the help has not been far.

And these things, according to the intention of man, Jesus says: 'Do not delay Your help.' The help which is required happens from no one else but from God. And I said that, when 'God' is said, it does not always signify the Father, separating the Son, nor the Son dividing from the Father; for the divinity is one. And because it is thus, we call the help the resurrection from the dead. Where it is said that He has delivered Himself and has been raised, and where the Father is said to be...

He has given life and has raised him, from which it is shown that the one resurrection and the one work being done by Father and Son happens through only one divine energy. Even if the Father does it, as God working this, he works it; even if the Son, he does this as God.

20 Pay attention to my understanding. For if you pay attention to my understanding, the help is not far from me, but being near, it worked; for he says previously these things concerning the men: for he did not come so that previously he himself might die and rise, but through others. 'By the grace of God he was raised above all death' (Rom 6:9). All died on behalf of them. This one by the grace of God was raised above all. 'The love of God holds us together, judging this thing to be that if one died on behalf of all, then all died' (Rom 6:10), so that those having died might no longer be dead, 'but live by that one who died on behalf of them and rose' (Rom 6:10). Some human power is able to give life on behalf of another, and some reproach is able to be received on behalf of another, and a rebuke. But death, no one is able to receive on behalf of another. And behold: he was raised alone, he was not swallowed by it, nor did it consume him. But he who is being swallowed by death swallows it himself. 'Death, having prevailed, swallowed up' (1 Cor 15:55). This one swallowed death, the one having been laid under it. And since Jesus 'did not commit sin,' and through the seizing of sin death is swallowed and swallows the one sinning—therefore he was raised above all; indeed, he was raised. And he has given the reason: 'so that through death he might render powerless the one having the power of death' (Heb 2:14). In death he destroyed death.

28 Save my soul from the sword (Ps 54:23). Jesus is also the one saying this verse, and he is able to say this also concerning his own soul, which he had the power to cast out and take back, and concerning every soul made his own. Just as it is said each of the saints is not merely a man anymore, but a man of God, so a soul desiring to please God is not merely a soul anymore, but a soul of God. Thus, in either way, he says these things concerning his own soul and that which he received, and concerning every soul made his own. And the sword sometimes signifies punishment; as if it is said: 'in the sword all sinful people of the people shall perish'; for it has never happened in history.

Greek

κοινωνοὺς ἐλθεῖν, περὶ ἐκείνων κλῆρον βάλλουσιν. ἐάν τις καταλείψῃ μονογενῆ υἱὸν καὶ αὐτῷ χρήσηται διαδόχῳ, ἐκείνου ἐστὶν πάντα τὰ τοῦ τεθνεῶτος ὑπάρχοντα, καὶ οὐ βάλλεται κλῆρος. ὅταν δὲ πολλοὶ ἐπέλθωσιν τῷ ἀληθῶς κληρονόμῳ λέγοντες ὅτι· "καὶ ἡμεῖς τέκνα ἐσμὲν ἐκείνου", μερισμὸς γίνεται τῶν ἱματίων ἐκείνου. μερίζονται δὲ οὐκ αὐτόν, ἀλλὰ τὰς λέξεις μόνας· μὴ γὰρ σὺν τῷ αὐτῷ νοῒ ἡ αὐτὴ λέξις διαφόρως παρὰ αἱρεθικοῖς κεῖται. ἕκαστος πρὸς τὸ ἑαυτοῦ φρόνημα καὶ βούλημα ἕλκει τὴν λέξιν. ὁ σπουδαῖος οὖν καὶ πιστὸς ἀληθῶς ἔχει ὅλον τὸν χιθῶνα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, οὐκ ἔχει αὐτὸν περιεσχισμένον· διὸ οὐδὲ κλῆρον βάλλει· αὐτοῦ ἐστιν ὅλος· κἂν γὰρ κλῆρον βάλωσιν ἐκεῖνοι καὶ χρήσωνται ταῖς λέξεσιν, οὐκ αὐτῶν γίνονται, οὐ κύριοι αὐτῶν γίνονται· παρέρχεται γὰρ εἰς μέσον σοφὸς ἀνὴρ κατὰ Χριστὸν καὶ δείκνυσιν ὅτι οὐκ αὐτοῦ ἐστιν ὃ νομίζει αὐτοῦ εἶναι. ἐπερ · ἱμάτια καὶ ἱματισμός; –ὅλα ὁμοῦ τὰ ἱμάτια ἱματισμὸς λέγεται· ἕκαστον δὲ καθ' ἑαυτὸ οὐ λέγεται ἱματισμός. καὶ ὥσπερ τὰ ἅμα πολλὰ συνειλεγμένα πρόβατα ἀγέλη λέγεται, ἕκαστον δὲ οὐ λέγεται ἀγέλη, καὶ οἱ ἄνθρωποι οἱ εἰς ταὐτὸ συνεληλυθότες δῆμος λέγονται, ἕκαστος δὲ οὐ λέγεται δῆμος. 20 σὺ δέ, κύριε, μὴ μακρύνῃς τὴν βοήθειάν μου. εἰ ἐκεῖνοι ταῦτα ἐσπούδασαν, εἰ καὶ θλῖψίν μοι ἐπιφέρουσιν, παρεκάλεσα δέ σε μὴ ἀποστῆναι, "ὅτι θλῖψις ἐγγύς". ἡ θλῖψις δὲ εἰ ἐγγὺς γέγονεν ἀπὸ τῶν κυκλωσάντων με μόσχων καὶ ταύρων, ἀπὸ τῶν διασκορπισάντων τὰ ὀστᾶ μου, ἀπὸ τῶν αἰτίων γεναμένων μοι ὥστε τὴν γλῶττάν μου κολληθῆναι τῷ λάρυγγι, ἀλλὰ σὺ μὴ μακρύνῃς τὴν βοήθειάν σου. εὐθέως οὖν ἡ ἀνάστασις γέγονεν τοῦ σωτῆρος, εὐθέως ἐπεστράφησαν πρὸς αὐτὸν οἱ σκανδαλισθέντες. οὐ γέγονεν οὖν μακρὰν ἡ βοήθεια. ταῦτα δὲ ὁ ἄνθρωπος, κατὰ τὴν ἐπίνοιαν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγει· "μὴ μακρύνῃς τὴν βοήθειάν μου". ἡ βοήθεια ἣν ἀπαιτεῖ οὐ παρ' ἄλλου τινὸς γίνεται ἢ παρὰ θεοῦ. εἶπον δὲ ὅτι, ὅταν θεὸς λέγηται, οὐ πάντως τὸν πατέρα σημαίνει ἀπομερίζων τὸν υἱὸν οὐδὲ τὸν υἱὸν ἀποσχίζων τὸν πατέρα· μία γάρ ἐστιν ἡ θεότης. καὶ ὅτι τοῦθ' οὕτως ἔχει, τὴν βοήθειαν εἴπομεν τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀνάστασιν. ὅπου μὲν λέγεται ἑαυτὸν παραδεδωκέναι καὶ ἐγηγερκέναι, ὅπου δὲ 41 ὁ πατὴρ λέγεται παραδεδωκέναι αὐτὸν καὶ ἀνεστακέναι, ἐξ οὗ παρίσταται ὅτι ἡ μία ἀνάστασις καὶ τὸ ἓν ἔργον ὑπὸ πατρὸς καὶ υἱοῦ γινόμενον κατὰ μόνην μίαν θεικὴν ἐνέργειαν γίνεται. κἂν ὁ πατὴρ ποιῇ, ω῾̣ς θεὸς ἐνεργῶν τοῦτο ἐργάζεται, κἂν ὁ υἱός, τοῦτο ποιεῖ ὡς θεός. 20 εἰς τὴν ἀντίλημψίν μου πρόσχες. ἐὰν γὰρ προσχῇς τῇ ἀντιλήμψει μου, ἡ βοήθεια οὐ μεμάκρυνται, ἀλλ' ὡς ἐγγὺς οὖσα ἐνήργησεν· λέγει γὰρ προηγουμένως ταῦτα περὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων· ἐλήλυθεν γὰρ οὐχ ἵνα προηγουμένως αὐτὸς ἀπο̣θ̣άνῃ καὶ ἀναστῇ ἀλλὰ δι' ἄλλους. "χάριτι θεοῦ ὑπὲρ παντὸς ἐγεύσατο θανάτου". πάντες ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ἀπέθανον. οὗτος χάριτι θεοῦ ὑπὲρ πάντων ἐγεύσατο. "ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ συνέχει ἡμᾶς, κρίναντας αὐτὸ τοῦτο ὅτι εἰ εἷς ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν, ἄρα οἱ πάντες ἀπέθανον", ἵνα οἱ ἀποθανόντες μηκέτι ὦσιν νεκροί, "ἀλλὰ ζῶσιν ἐκείνῳ τῷ ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ἀποθανόντι καὶ ἀναστάντι". ὄφλημά τις ἀνθρώπινον δύναται ἀποδοῦναι ὑπὲρ ἄλλου καὶ μέμψιν δύναται ὑπὲρ ἄλλου ἀναδέξασθαι καὶ ἔλεγχον. θάνατον δὲ ἄλλος ὑπὲρ ἄλλου οὐδεὶς δύναται ἀναδέξασθαι. καὶ ὅρα γε· ἐγεύσατο μόνον, οὐκ ἐρόφησεν αὐτόν, οὐ κατέφαγεν αὐτόν. ὁ δὲ καταπινόμενος ὑπὸ θανάτου καὶ αὐτὸς αὐτὸν καταπίνει. "κατέπιεν ὁ θάνατος ἰσχύσας". οὗτος κατέπιεν τὸν θάνατον ὁ καταποθεὶς ὑπ' αὐτοῦ. ἐπειδὴ δὲ Ἰησοῦς "ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ ἐποίησεν", διὰ δὲ τῆς ἁλώσεως τῆς ἁμαρτίας καταπίνεται ὁ θάνατος καὶ καταπίνει τὸν ἁμαρτάνοντα–, ὑπὲρ παντὸς οὖν ἐγεύσατο· πλὴν ἐγεύσατο. καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν ἀποδέδωκεν· "ἵνα διὰ τοῦ θανάτου καταργήσῃ τὸν τὸ κράτος ἔχοντα τοῦ θανάτου". ἐν θανάτῳ θάνατον 28 κατέλυσεν. 21 ῥῦσαι ἀπὸ ῥομφαίας τὴν ψυχήν μου. Ἰησοῦς ἐστιν καὶ τοῦτον τὸν στίχον ὁ λέγων, καὶ δύναται καὶ περὶ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ ψυχῆς τοῦτο λέγειν ἧς ἔσχεν ἐξ ουσίαν θεῖναι καὶ λαβεῖν αὐτήν, καὶ περὶ πάσης οἰκειωθείσης αὐτῷ ψυχῆς. ὡς δὲ λέγεται ἕκαστος τῶν ἁγίων οὐχ ἁπλῶς ἔτι ἄνθρωπος, ἀλλὰ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος, οὕτως ἡ εὐαρεστεῖν προθεμένη θεῷ ψυχὴ οὐχ ἁπλῶς ἔτι ψυχὴ λέγεται, ἀλλὰ θεοῦ ψυχή. ἑκατέρως οὖν περὶ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ ψυχῆς ταῦτα λέγει καὶ ἧς ἀνείληφεν, καὶ πάσης τῆς οἰκειωθείσης αὐτῷ. σημαίνει δέ ποτε ἡ ῥομφαία τὴν κόλασιν· ὡς ἐὰν λέγηται· "ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ τελευτήσουσιν πάντες ἁμαρτωλοὶ λαοῦ"· μὴ γὰρ γέγονέν ποτε ἐπὶ ἱστορίας

About this text

Didymus the Blind on the Psalms.

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