Commentary on the Psalms · §21

The Scattering of the Disciples as Poured Water

Their mouth is like a roaring lion snatching and roaring. They were prepared to be like oxen. But they changed into ferocity, as if to open their mouth against me, according to the roaring lion; for then especially it harms greatly, when it roars. Therefore, their wildness and their mocking attitude against the Savior signifies—for he says, 'as a roaring lion, they opened their mouth' (Ps 35:23)—that they are no longer quiet, no longer intending to be quiet. These then, who seemed to be quiet by meditating on the law of God, were oxen, until they desired to open their mouth against me and to say: 'Crucify, crucify him; we have no king but Caesar' (Jn 19:15), according to the lion that was not satisfied, they have done this.

But was the passion not yet? All these things are said prophetically. Things that are possible before they exist, before they come into being by energy, in a state of possibility they both may come to be and may not. And no one has the power to guarantee whether it will happen or not; for toward both sides both possibilities are equally likely. But when someone having foreknowledge, or God himself, foreknows that of the possible things this shall be, as it happens to us, when it already exists; for upon the existing and the having happened already, we have the power to say which is true and which is false, whether it has happened or has not happened. But upon the future things, we do not have the power to say this, but only to say that the other will be, but not this. Since therefore even here a divine eye saw the future in advance, it is no longer to him as possible things. Because of this he says: 'They laid hands on my hands and my feet.' If another were speaking, he would not have said this, but 'they will lay hands' or 'they will not lay hands.'

Like water I was poured out, and all my bones were scattered (Ps 22:14). He speaks of the scattering of the body here, of them, of the disciples, when all were scandalized and it is filled: 'all you will be scandalized' (Mt 26:56). And the hour will come when all you will flee, you will go to your own, and you will leave me alone (Jn 13:38). Just as the water that is being poured out.

It always runs and does not stand still; so also here, 'as water they were poured out' (Ps 22:14). He did not say 'they are being poured out,' for they do not remain in such a state always. What he says concerning himself, he says concerning himself regarding the body which is the sum of the faithful of the church. 'My bones'—the support of my body; for the apostles were more supportive than those who believe. And these were scattered. My heart became like wax melting in the midst of my belly (Ps 22:15); were his bones scattered? This occurred when the disciples were stumbled. This poured-out water, unless it becomes an obstacle, is always carried along. And the disciples, therefore, were scattered, as if they were poured-out water. When they were around him, they were gathered like river water, being a spring. But when they went out from him, it happened at a certain time, like the water that is poured out. And the water will stand one day; for it is not always carried along. So also the disturbance and the stumbling of the disciples will immediately cease, which has already happened.

My heart became like wax melting in the midst of my belly (Ps 22:15). The heart of this body, which is composed of the sum of those having believed, is the spiritual part. And these, therefore, became like melting wax, those who are the heart of him. However, even if the wax melted, it did not happen outside of his belly; for they are within his belly, so that they may be formed again. After the disturbance, indeed, those who had experienced it were shown again to be sons of the Savior. But what kind of disturbance? It was a passion extended for a little while, not so as to remain. And the melting of the wax does not happen always, but when it melts, it changes into some vessel or some other use, and again it is gathered, not far from the belly of the one producing this heart. But for what purpose the belly? It is the very power of the Savior, through which he forms and begets. If he again produces the procreators of the body, Paul, being of the body, was saying: 'through the gospel I have begotten you' (2 Cor 5:19). And: 'those whom...'

Greek

τὸ στόμα αὐτῶν ὡς λέων ἁρπάζων καὶ ὠρυόμενος. ἐτάχθησαν ἐπὶ τῷ μόσχοι εἶναι. μετέβαλον δὲ εἰς θηριωδίαν ὡς ἐπ' ἐμὲ τὸ στόμα αὐτῶν ἀνοῖξαι κατὰ τὸν ὠρυόμενον λέοντα· τότε γὰρ̣ μάλιστα βλάπτει μεγάλως, ὅτε ὠρύεται. τὴν ἀγριότητα οὖν αὐτῶν καὶ τὸν κατὰ τοῦ σωτῆρος ἐπίχαρμον σημαίνει, ὅτι "ὡς ὠρυόμενος", λέγει, "λέων ἤνοιξαν τὸ στόμα αὐτῶν", οὐκέτι ἡσυχάζων, οὐκέτι προςποιούμενος ἥσυχος εἶναι. οὗτοι οὖν οἱ δοκοῦντες ἥσυχοι εἶναι τῷ μελετᾶν νόμον θεοῦ μόσχοι ἦσαν γεωπόνοι. ὅτε δὲ ἠθέλησαν κατ' ἐμοῦ ἀνοῖξαι τὸ στόμα καὶ εἰπ̣εῖν· "αἶρε, αἶρε, σταύροι αὐτόν· οὐκ ἔχομεν βασιλέα εἰ μὴ Καίσαρα", κατὰ τὸν λέοντα τὸν οὐ κορεσθέντα τοῦτο πεποίηκαν. 33 ἐπερ · οὐδέπω ἦν τὸ πάθος; –προφητικῶς λέγεται ὅλα ταῦτα. τὰ ἐνδεχόμενα πρὶν ὑπαρχθῇ, πρὶν κατ' ἐνέργειαν γένηται, ἐνδεχομένως ἔχει καὶ γενέσθαι καὶ μή. καὶ οὐκ ἔχει τις διαβεβαιώσασθαι πότερον γενήσεται ἢ οὐ γενήσεται· εἰς ἀμφότερα γὰρ ἴσην ἔχει τὴν ῥοπήν. ὅταν δὲ πρόγνωσίν τις ἔχων ἢ αὐτὸς ὁ θεὸς προκαταλάβοι ὅτι τῶν ἐνδεχομέ νων τόδε ἔσται, ὡς ἐφ' ἡμῶν γίνεται, ὅταν ἤδη ὑπαρχθῇ· ἐπὶ τῶν ὄντων γὰρ καὶ γεγονότων ἤδη ἔχομεν εἰπεῖν ποῖον ἀληθὲς καὶ ποῖον ψευδές, πότερον γέγονεν ἢ οὐ γέγονεν. ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν μελλόντων οὐκ 22 ἔχομεν τοῦτο ἢ μόνον εἰπεῖν ὅτι τὸ ἕτερον ἔσται, οὐ μὴν τόδε. ἐπεὶ τοίνυν καὶ ἐνταῦθα θεῖος ὀφθαλμὸς προκατείληφεν τὰ μέλλοντα, οὐκέτι ὡς ἐνδεχόμενα αὐτῷ ἐστιν. διὰ τοῦτο λέγει· "ὤρυξαν χεῖράς μου καὶ πόδας μου". εἰ ἄλλος ἔλεγεν, τοῦτο οὐκ εἶπεν, ἀλλὰ τὸ "ὀρυχθήσονται" ἢ "οὐκ ὀρυχθήσονται". 15 ὡσεὶ ὕδωρ ἐξεχύθην, καὶ διεσκορπίσθη πάντα τὰ ὀστᾶ μου. τὸν σκορπισμὸν ἐνταῦθα λέγει τοῦ σώματος, αὐτῶν τῶν μαθητῶν, ὅτε ἐσκανδαλίσθησαν πάντες καὶ πεπλήρωται τό· "πάντες ὑμεῖς σκανδαλισθήσεσθε". καὶ ἐλεύσεται ὥρα ὅτε πάντες φεύξεσθε, εἰς τὰ ἴδια ἀπελεύσεσθε καὶ ἐμὲ μόνον καταλείψετε. ὥσπερ οὖν τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ ἐκχυννόμενον ἀεὶ τρέχει καὶ οὐχ ἵσταται, οὕτω καὶ ὧδε "ὡσεὶ ὕδωρ ἐξεχύθησαν". οὐκ εἶπεν "ἐκχύννονται"· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀεὶ μένουσιν οὕτω. ἃ λέγει περὶ ἑαυτοῦ, περὶ τοῦ σώματος λέγει ἑαυτοῦ τοῦ κατὰ τὸ ἄθροισμα τῶν πιστῶν τῆς ἐκκλησίας. "τὰ ὀστᾶ μου"· οἱ εὔτονοι τοῦ σώματός μου· τῶν γὰρ πιστευόντων εὐτονώτεροι ἦσαν οἱ ἀπόστολοι. καὶ οὗτοι διεσκορπίσθησαν. ἐγενήθη ἡ καρδία μου ὡσεὶ κηρὸς τηκόμενος ἐν μέσῳ τῆς κοιλίας μου ἐπερ · τὰ ὀστᾶ διεσκορπίσθησαν αὐτοῦ; –ὅτε ἐσκανδαλίσθησαν οἱ μαθηταί. τοῦτο τὸ ἐκχυθὲν ὕδωρ εἰ μή που κώλυμα γένηται, ἀεὶ φέρεται. καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ οὖν διεσκορπίσθησαν, ὡς ὕδωρ ἦσαν ἐκχυθέντες. ὅτε περὶ αὐτὸν ἦσαν, συνεστραμμένον ἦσαν ὕδωρ ποταμῷ ἐοικός, πηγὴ τυγχάνον. ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἔξω αὐτοῦ γέγοναν πρὸς ὥραν, ὡς τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ ἐκχυθέν ἐστιν. στήσεται δέ ποτε τὸ ὕδωρ· οὐ γὰρ ἀεὶ φέρεται. οὕτω καὶ ἡ ταραχὴ καὶ τὸ σκάνδαλον τῶν μαθητῶν εὐθέως πεπαύσεται, ὅπερ καὶ γέγονεν. 15 ἐγενήθη ἡ καρδία μου ὡσεὶ κηρὸς τηκόμενος ἐν μέσῳ τῆς κοιλίας μου. καρδία τοῦ σώματος τούτου τοῦ συνισταμένου ἐκ τοῦ ἀθροίσματος τῶν πεπιστευκότων οἱ νοηματικοί εἰσιν. καὶ οὗτοι οὖν ὡς κηρὸς τηκόμενος γέγοναν, ὅσοι καρδία αὐτοῦ τυγχάνουσιν. πλὴν εἰ καὶ ἐτάκη ὁ κηρός, οὐκ ἔξω τῆς κοιλίας αὐτοῦ γέγονεν· περὶ τὴν κοιλίαν γὰρ αὐτοῦ τυγχάνουσιν, ἵνα τεχθῶσιν πάλιν. μετὰ τὴν ταραχὴν γοῦν τὴν ὑπάρξασαν πάλιν ἀπεδείχθησαν υἱοὶ τοῦ σωτῆρος. ἐπερ · ποταπὴν ταραχήν; –τὴν προπάθειαν ἐκταθεῖσαν πρὸς ὀλίγον, οὐχ ὥστε παραμεῖναι. ἡ δὲ τῆξις τοῦ κηροῦ οὐκ ἀεὶ γίνεται, ἀλλ' ὅταν τακῇ, μεταβάλλει εἴς τι σκεῦος ἢ χρήσιμον ἄλλο, καὶ πάλιν συνστρέφεται οὐ πόρρω τῆς κοιλίας οὐ τοῦ γεννήσαντος 34 γινομένη ἡ καρδία αὕτη. ἐπερ· ἵνα τὴν κοιλίαν τί; –αὐτὴν τὴν τοῦ σωτῆρος δύναμιν καθ' ἣν μορφοῖ καὶ τεκνοῖ. εἰ πάλιν τοὺς γεννητικοὺς τοῦ σώματος, Παῦλος τοῦ σώματος ὢν ἐγέννα λέγων· "διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου ἐγέννησα ὑμᾶς". καί· "οὓς

About this text

Didymus the Blind on the Psalms.

Catalogue & scope

Khazarzar scan

Witnesses

  • Copy-text PG (Khazarzar) (Greek)

This is an AI-assisted study translation. Source fidelity and completeness have not been independently certified. Open Greek on each section for the source text. This is not a complete critical edition.