Fragments on Hebrews · §23 · Cyril of Alexandria

The Eternal Nature and Supremacy of Christ

The Creator.

For there is one God, the Father, from whom all things proceed, and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom all things were made; and again, Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever, into the ages. How then can he be the same as he was yesterday, even though he was born in the most recent times of this age? It is because the most ancient nature of the Word of God has remained necessarily unshakeable, even during the era of the incarnation and this most recent dispensation.

Indeed, he at times used words concerning the forefather Abraham to address Israel, saying, "Your father Abraham rejoiced so that he might see my day, and he saw it and was glad" (John 8:56). But those who did not understand the mystery resting upon him—viewing him merely as a man like ourselves and nothing more—incoherently asked, "Do you not yet have fifty years, and you have seen Abraham?" (John 8:57). But he said to them, "Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I am" (John 8:56-58). Therefore, he is the artisan and the creator of both Abraham and Moses and of all things; and it is necessary that the maker pre-announce all his own works, and that the beauty of the archetype be pre-manifested in those created according to his image.

In this way, the measure of Moses is unequally surpassed; rather, the glory of Christ will exceed all that has been called into existence.

Furthermore, by another method, the lawgiver Paul seeks to demonstrate that the word concerning these matters has become both wise and true.

For he says that Moses was faithful in all his house as a servant for the testimony of the things to be spoken, but Christ is as a Son upon his house, which is the house of whom we are.

So look, then, in order that you might assign to the blessed Moses a certain measure of that householder-like genuineness.

For they say that he is to be in the house faithful as a witness of the things to be spoken—that is, for the service of the words from God—but Christ is not so.

For He is not found as a faithful householder in the house, but as Son and Master over the house of the Father; that is to say, over us, the ones having been justified in faith and sanctified in the Spirit.

For Moses indeed was brought up through the shadow of the law, and the qualities of householder-like genuineness were brought to him as a prize, as God was saying to him, 'You shall stand beside him with me' (Hebrews 3:5), and he was greatly esteemed among the better ones in Christ.

For He has sat 'at the right hand of the throne of majesty in the high places' (Hebrews 1:3), and He has dwelt as Son and Lord in the house of His own Father.

For He encamps for us as God through His own Spirit, even though the all-wise Moses inhabited in nothing; for we have not become partakers of Moses, nor even of any other of the saints, but we have partaken of Christ through the Spirit and the blessing of the mystery.

For even though God says through one of the holy prophets, 'I will dwell in them and walk among them, and I will be their God, and they shall be a people to me' (Ezekiel 37:27).

Greek

γενεσιουργός· "Εἷς γὰρ Θεὸς ὁ Πατὴρ ἐξ οὗ "τὰ πάντα καὶ εἷς Κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς δι' οὗ τὰ "πάντα," καὶ πάλιν "Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς χθὲς καὶ σήμερον ὁ "αὐτὸς καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας." πῶς οὖν αὐτὸς κατὰ τὴν χθὲς ἂν εἴη καίτοι γεννηθεὶς ἐν ἐσχάτοις τοῦ αἰῶνος καιροῖς; ὅτι τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ Λόγου φύσεως τὸ πρεσβύτατον, ὡς ἔφην, ἀναπόβλητον αὐτῷ μεμένηκεν ἀναγκαίως καὶ ἐν χρόνοις τῆς μετὰ σαρκὸς καὶ νεωτάτης οἰκονομίας. καὶ γοῦν ἐποιεῖτο μὲν λόγους ποτὲ περὶ τοῦ προπάτορος Ἁβραὰμ πρὸς τὸν Ἰσραὴλ λέγων "Ἁβραὰμ ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν ἠγαλλιάσατο ἵνα "ἴδῃ τὴν ἡμέραν τὴν ἐμὴν, καὶ εἶδεν καὶ ἐχάρη." οἱ δὲ κατ' οὐδένα τρόπον τὸ ἐπ' αὐτῷ συνιέντες μυστήριον, ἄνθρωπον δὲ καθ' ἡμᾶς ἁπλῶς, καὶ πέρα τούτου μηδὲν, ὑπονοοῦντες ὑπάρχειν αὐτὸν, ἀσυνέτως ἔφασκον "Πεντήκοντα ἔτη οὔπω "ἔχεις, καὶ Ἁβραὰμ ἑώρακας;" ὁ δὲ πρὸς αὐτούς "Ἀμὴν "λέγω ὑμῖν πρὶν Ἁβραὰμ γενέσθαι ἐγώ εἰμι." ἔστι τοίνυν αὐτοῦ τε τοῦ Ἁβραὰμ καὶ Μωσέως καὶ τῶν ὅλων τεχνίτης καὶ γενεσιουργὸς, ἀνάγκη δὲ πᾶσα τῶν ἰδίων ποιημάτων προϋφεστάναι λέγειν τὸν ποιητὴν, καὶ τῶν κατ' εἰκόνα τὴν πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐκτισμένων προαναφαίνεσθαι τὸ ἀρχέτυπον κάλλος. οὐκοῦν ἀσυγκρίτως τὸ Μωσέως ὑπερβαλεῖται μέτρον, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ παντὸς τοῦ κεκλημένου πρὸς γένεσιν ἡ δόξα Χριστοῦ ὑπάρξει. καὶ καθ' ἕτερον δὲ τρόπον πειρᾶται πληροφορεῖν ὁ θεσπέσιος Παῦλος ὅτι γέγονεν αὐτῷ σοφός τε καὶ ἀληθὴς ὁ περὶ τούτων λόγος· ἦν μὲν γὰρ, φησὶν, ὁ Μωσῆς πιστὸς ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ ὡς θεράπων εἰς μαρτύριον τῶν λαληθησομένων, Χριστὸς δὲ ὡς υἱὸς ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ οὗ ὁ οἶκός ἐσμεν ἡμεῖς. ἄθρει δὴ οὖν ὅπως τῷ μὲν μακαρίῳ Μωυσῇ μέτρον ἀπονέμει τὸ οἰκετικὸν τῷ γνησιότητος τρόπῳ 404 κοσμούμενον. εἶναι γάρ φησιν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ πιστὸν εἰς μαρτύριον τῶν λαληθησομένων, τουτέστιν εἰς διακονίαν τῶν 18 παρὰ Θεοῦ λόγων, Χριστὸν δὲ οὐχ οὕτως· οὐ γὰρ ὡς ἐν οἴκῳ πιστὸν οἰκέτην, ἀλλ' ὡς Υἱὸν καὶ δεσπότην ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Πατρὸς, τουτέστιν ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἐν πίστει δεδικαιωμένους καὶ ἡγιασμένους ἐν πνεύματι. πεπαιδαγώγηκε μὲν γὰρ ὁ Μωσῆς διὰ τῆς τοῦ νόμου σκιᾶς τοὺς ἀρχαιοτέρους καὶ τὰ τῆς οἰκετικῆς γνησιότητος ἐκομίζετο γέρα, Θεοῦ λέγοντος πρὸς αὐτόν "Σὺ δὲ αὐτοῦ στῆθι μετ' ἐμοῦ," πολὺ δὲ λίαν ἐν ἀμείνοσιν ἐπὶ Χριστοῦ. κεκάθικε γὰρ "ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ θρόνου τῆς μεγαλωσύνης ἐν ὑψηλοῖς," καὶ κατῴκηκεν ὡς Υἱὸς καὶ Κύριος ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτοῦ. ἐναυλίζεται γὰρ ἡμῖν ὡς Θεὸς διὰ τοῦ ἰδίου Πνεύματος, καίτοι τοῦ πανσόφου Μωσέως ἐν οὐδενὶ κατοικήσαντος, οὐ γὰρ μέτοχοι γεγόναμεν Μωσέως, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἑτέρου τινὸς τῶν ἁγίων, μετεσχήκαμεν δὲ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, διά τε τοῦ Πνεύματος καὶ τῆς εὐλογίας τῆς μυστικῆς. Καίτοι γὰρ Θεοῦ λέγοντος δι' ἑνὸς τῶν ἁγίων προφητῶν "Ὅτι ἐνοικήσω ἐν αὐτοῖς καὶ ἐμπεριπα"τήσω καὶ ἔσομαι αὐτῶν Θεὸς καὶ αὐτοὶ ἔσονταί μοι λαός."