The monk's common benefit versus the king's burdens
Chrysostom continues contrasting the daily life and social effect of the monk with that of the king, showing the monk as a common physician to rich and poor while the king's exactions crush the poor.
For the monk is fed only with so much food as would not demand deep sleep, unlike the king, while luxury and drink lull him to sleep, keeping him in bed until day itself. The monk, then, has modest clothing and a modest table, and fellow-diners who are athletes of the same excellence. The king, by necessity, is adorned with stones and gold, has a splendid table set before him, and uses fellow-diners who, if he is foolish, are worthy of his own wickedness, but if he has sense and is self-controlled, are perhaps good and just, yet fall far short of the monk's excellence. Thus even if a king pursues the way of life, he will not be able to come even a little near the excellence of the monk. For on journeys he is a burden to his subjects, whether he dwells in a city, enjoys peace, or takes up wars, collecting taxes, assembling armies, leading captives, conquering, and being defeated. When he is defeated, he fills his subjects with his own evils; when he conquers, he becomes unbearable, adorning himself with trophies, thinking great thoughts, and giving soldiers license to seize, to plunder, to wrong travelers, to occupy and besiege cities, to ravage the houses of the poor, and to exact from those who quartered them each day what no law permits, under the pretext of some ancient custom that is lawless and unjust. The king does no harm to the rich with such evils, but he afflicts the poor, as if truly being ashamed before the wealthy. The monk, however, is not like this. As soon as he appears, he comes bringing some grace to rich and poor alike, to these and to those equally, using one garment through the year, drinking water more sweetly than others drink marvelous wine. For himself he asks no favor from the rich, neither small nor great, but for those in need he asks many and continuous favors, beneficial to both those who give and those who are about to receive. Thus he is a common physician of rich and poor alike, freeing the former from sins through good counsel, and relieving the latter's want. But the king, when he orders the taxes to be lighter, benefits the rich more than the poor; and when he does the opposite, he harms those who possess little. For the harshness of taxes would harm the rich only a little, but it sweeps away the houses of the poor like a torrent, filling the villages with lamentation. Neither pitiable old age, nor the widowhood of women, nor the orphanhood of children stops those who collect the taxes; they revel all the time, common enemies of the land, exacting from the farmers what the earth has not produced.
Come then, let us also examine this: what does the monk grant to his subjects, and what does the king? The king grants gold, the monk the grace of the Spirit. The one loosens poverty whenever he is good; the other has freed souls tyrannized by demons through prayers. And if someone happens to be storm-tossed by such misfortunes, the king is passed by like the inanimate, and he flees to the house of the monks, like one fleeing from a wolf and taking refuge with a hunter who carries a sword in his hand. For what the sword is to the hunter, prayer is to the monk.
Greek
Καὶ ἐκεῖνος μὲν γὰρ τοσούτοις τρέφεται σιτίοις, ὅσα οὐκ ἂν ἀπαιτήσειε τὸν μοναχὸν ὕπνον βαθύν· τὸν δὲ ἡ τρυφὴ κατακοιμίζει καὶ ὁ πότος μέχρις ἡμέρας αὐτῆς ἐν τῇ κλίνῃ κατέχων. Ἔστι τοίνυν τῷ μὲν μοναχῷ καὶ ἀμπεχόνη καὶ τράπεζα μετρία, καὶ σύσσιτοι τῆς αὐτῆς ἀρετῆς ἀθληταί· τὸν βασιλέα δὲ λίθοις τε ἀνάγκη καὶ χρυσῷ καλλωπίζεσθαι, τράπεζάν τε παρατίθεσθαι λαμπρὰν, καὶ χρῆσθαι συσσίτοις, εἰ μὲν ἄφρων εἴη, τῆς ἑαυτοῦ κακίας ἀξίοις, εἰ δὲ νοῦν ἔχοι καὶ σωφρονοίη, χρηστοῖς ἴσως καὶ δικαίοις, πολὺ δὲ λειπομένοις τῆς ἐκείνων ἀρετῆς. Οὕτω κἂν φιλοσοφῇ βασιλεὺς, οὐδὲ κατὰ μικρὸν ἐγγὺς ἐλθεῖν τῆς τοῦ μονάζοντος καλοκαγαθίας δυνήσεται. Καὶ γὰρ ἐν ὁδοιπορίαις βαρύς ἐστι τοῖς ὑπηκόοις, καὶ πόλιν οἰκῶν, καὶ εἰρήνης ἀπολαύων, καὶ πολέμων ἁπτόμενος, φόρους τε εἰσπραττόμενος, καὶ στρατεύματα συγκροτῶν, καὶ αἰχμαλώτους ἄγων, καὶ νικῶν, καὶ ἡττώμενος· ἡττώμενος μὲν γὰρ τῶν οἰκείων κακῶν ἀναπίμπλησι τοὺς ἀρχομένους, νικῶν δὲ ἀφόρητος γίνεται, καλλωπιζόμενός τε τοῖς τροπαίοις, καὶ μέγα φρονῶν, καὶ τοῖς στρατιώταις παρέχων ἄδειαν ἁρπάζειν, συλᾷν, τοὺς ὁδοιπόρους ἀδικεῖν, τὰς πόλεις ἐν τῇ καθέδρᾳ πολιορκεῖν, τὰς τῶν πενήτων πορθεῖν οἰκίας, τοὺς ὑποδεξαμένους εἰσπράττεσθαι καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ἃ μηδεὶς ἐπιτρέπει νόμος, ἐπὶ προφάσει τινὸς ἔθους ἀρχαίου παρανόμου τε καὶ ἀδίκου. Καὶ τὸν μὲν πλούσιον ἔβλαψεν οὐδὲν ὁ βασιλεὺς τοῖς τοιούτοις κακοῖς, τὴν πενίαν δὲ ἐκάκωσεν, ὥσπερ ὡς ἀληθῶς αἰσχυνόμενος τοὺς εὐπόρους. Οὐ μὴν ὅ γε μοναχὸς οὕτως, ἀλλ' ἅμα τε ὤφθη, καὶ πλουσίων καὶ πενήτων χάριν τινὰ κομίζων ἦλθε καὶ τούτοις κἀκείνοις ὁμοίως, ἱματίῳ μὲν ἑνὶ δι' ἔτους χρώμενος, ὕδωρ δὲ πίνων ἥδιον, ἢ θαυμαστὸν οἶνον ἕτεροι· ὑπὲρ ἑαυτοῦ μὲν οὐδεμίαν, οὔτε μικρὰν, οὔτε μείζω χάριν παρὰ τῶν πλουσίων αἰτῶν, ὑπὲρ δὲ τῶν ἐν ἐνδείᾳ πολλάς τε καὶ συνεχεῖς, ἀμφοτέροις λυσιτελούσας, τοῖς τε παρέχουσι, καὶ τοῖς κομίζεσθαι μέλλουσιν. Οὕτω κοινός ἐστιν ἰατρὸς καὶ πλουσίων καὶ πενήτων ὁμοίως, τοὺς μὲν ἁμαρτημάτων ἐλευθερῶν διὰ τῆς ἀγαθῆς νουθεσίας, τοῖς δὲ λύων τὴν ἔνδειαν. Βασιλεὺς δὲ τάς τε εἰσφορὰς κουφοτέρας εἶναι κελεύων, τοὺς πλουσίους μᾶλλον, ἢ τὴν πενίαν ὠφέλησε· καὶ τὰ ἐναντία ποιῶν, τοὺς μικρὰ κεκτημένους ἔβλαψε. Τὸν μὲν γὰρ πλούσιον ὀλίγα ἂν βλάψειεν ἡ χαλεπότης τῶν εἰσφορῶν, τὰς δὲ τῶν πενήτων οἰκίας ὥσπερ χειμάῤῥους παρασύρει, οἰμωγῆς πιμπλῶσα τὰς κώμας, καὶ οὔτε γῆρας ἐλεεινὸν τοῖς εἰσπραττομένοις τοὺς φόρους, οὔτε χηρεία γυναικῶν, οὐκ ὀρφανία παίδων, ἀλλὰ κωμάζουσι πάντα τὸν χρόνον, κοινοί τινες πολέμιοι τῆς χώρας, ἅπερ οὐκ ἐξήνεγκεν ἡ γῆ, ταῦτα τοὺς γεωργοὺς εἰσπραττόμενοι. δʹ. Φέρε δὴ κἀκεῖνο ἐξετάσωμεν, τί μὲν ὁ μοναχὸς, τί δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς τοῖς ὑπηκόοις χαρίζεται. Οὐκοῦν ὁ μὲν χρυσὸν, ὁ δὲ πνεύματος χάριν· καὶ ὁ μὲν ἔλυσε πενίαν, ὅταν ᾖ χρηστὸς, ὁ δὲ ψυχὰς τυραννουμένας ὑπὸ δαιμόνων ἠλευθέρωσε ταῖς προσευχαῖς. Κἂν συμβῇ τινα τοιαύταις χειμάζεσθαι συμφοραῖς, τὸν βασιλέα μὲν ὥσπερ τὰ ἄψυχα παρέρχεται, ἐπὶ δὲ τὴν τῶν μοναχῶν οἰκίαν καταφεύγει, ὥσπερ ὁ λύκον ὑποφεύγων, καταφεύγων δὲ ἐπ' ἄνδρα θηρευτὴν ξίφος ἐν τῇ χειρὶ φέροντα· ὅπερ γὰρ τῷ θηρευτῇ ξίφος, τοῦτο προσευχὴ τῷ μονάζοντι.