The monk's true kingship and the king's shame
Chrysostom has just defined the true king as one who rules his passions, and now he compares how such a man would govern cities with how a passion-enslaved king actually behaves.
I would gladly see such a man ruling peoples and land and sea, and cities and nations and armies. For the one who has set his reason over the passions of his soul would easily stand over human beings as well, together with the laws of God, so that he would be in the place of a father to those under his rule, conversing with the cities with all gentleness. But the one who seems to rule human beings while he is enslaved to anger and love of power and pleasures—first, he would appear ridiculous to his subjects, because he wears a crown set with jewels and gold but is not crowned with self-control, and his whole body gleams with purple while his soul is unadorned. And then he will not even know how to manage his power. For the one who was not able to rule himself, how could he guide others straight by the laws?
And if you wish to see the war of each, you will find the one fighting against demons, and prevailing, and conquering, and being crowned by Christ. For he comes to the war with divine aid, fenced around with heavenly weapons, so that victory must necessarily be his. But the king fights against barbarians. And as much as demons are more terrifying than human beings, so much more brilliant is the one who prevails over them than the one who conquers those others. And if you should wish to understand the cause of each war, you will find a great inequality. For the one fights against demons for devotion to God and the service of God, longing to snatch cities or villages out of error. But the other fights against barbarians over places or borders or stolen money, or because greed and desire for unjust power call him to battle. There, indeed, many kings have often desired greater things and lost even what they already possessed.
So then, the power and the wars have shown the king and the one who is eager to live with the service of God to differ from each other by this much. And one would know them precisely by examining the life of each and their daily actions. For he would find, truly, the one conversing with prophets, adorning his soul with the wisdom of Paul, and leaping constantly from Moses to Isaiah, and from him to John, and from him to another. But the king constantly converses with commanders and governors and bodyguards. And the character of those with whom one constantly converses is the character one is made like. Therefore the monk's mind is stamped with the character of the apostles and prophets, but the king's with the character of generals and bodyguards and shield-bearers—men enslaved to wine and gratifying pleasures, who spend the greater part of the day in drinking, and know nothing timely or good because of the wine. So then, for this reason also it is fitting to call the monastic life happy rather than the life in power and kingship and scepters.
And if we should wish to examine the time of night as well, we will see the monk adorned with the service of God and with prayers, singing much earlier than the birds, living together with angels, conversing with God, enjoying the good things of heaven. But the one set over many nations and peoples and armies, ruling much land and much sea, is stretched out on his bed and snoring.
Greek
Τὸν τοιοῦτον ἡδέως ἂν εἶδον καὶ δήμων καὶ γῆς καὶ θαλάσσης ἄρχοντα, καὶ πόλεων καὶ δήμων καὶ στρατοπέδων. Ὁ γὰρ τοῖς πάθεσι τῆς ψυχῆς τὸν λογισμὸν ἐπιστήσας, ῥᾳδίως ἂν ἐπισταίη καὶ ἀνθρώποις μετὰ τῶν θείων νόμων, ὥστε αὐτὸν ἐν πατρὸς τάξει τοῖς ἀρχομένοις εἶναι, μετὰ πάσης ἡμερότητος ὁμιλοῦντα ταῖς πόλεσιν. Ὁ δὲ ἀνθρώπων μὲν ἄρχειν δοκῶν, θυμῷ δὲ καὶ φιλαρχίᾳ καὶ ἡδοναῖς δουλεύων, πρῶτον μὲν καταγέλαστος εἶναι δό ξειεν ἂν τοῖς ἀρχομένοις, ὅτι στέφανον μὲν φορεῖ λιθοκόλλητον καὶ χρυσοῦν, σωφροσύνῃ δὲ οὐκ ἐστεφάνωται, καὶ ἁλουργίδι μὲν ὅλον τὸ σῶμα λάμπεται, τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν ἀκόσμητον ἔχει. Ἔπειτα δὲ οὐδὲ ὅπως μεταχειρίσαιτο τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐπιστήσεται· ὁ γὰρ ἑαυτοῦ μὴ δυνηθεὶς ἄρχειν, πῶς ἂν ἑτέρους δυνηθείη κατευθύνειν τοῖς νόμοις; Εἰ δὲ βούλει καὶ τὸν πόλεμον ἑκατέρων ἰδεῖν, εὑρήσεις τὸν μὲν δαίμοσι μαχόμενον καὶ κρατοῦντα καὶ νικῶντα καὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ Χριστοῦ στεφανούμενον· μετὰ γὰρ τῆς θείας ῥοπῆς ἐπὶ τὸν πόλεμον ἔρχεται, οὐρανίοις πεφραγμένος ὅπλοις, ὥστε ἀνάγκη τούτου γενέσθαι τὸ κράτος· τὸν δὲ βασιλέα βαρβάροις μαχόμενον. Ὅσῳ δὲ τῶν ἀνθρώπων οἱ δαίμονες φοβερώτεροι, τοσούτῳ λαμπρότερος ὁ τούτων κρατῶν τοῦ νικῶντος ἐκείνους. Εἰ δὲ καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν ἑκατέρου πολέμου καταμαθεῖν βουληθείης, πολὺ τὸ οὐκ ἴσον εὑρήσεις. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ ὑπὲρ εὐσεβείας καὶ τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ λατρείας πολεμεῖ τοῖς δαίμοσιν, ἢ πόλεις ἢ κώμας ἐκ τῆς πλάνης ἐξαρπάσαι ποθῶν· ὁ δὲ μάχεται βαρβάροις ὑπὲρ τόπων ἢ ὅρων ἢ χρημάτων ἁρπασθέντων, ἢ πλεονεξίας καὶ ἔρωτος ἀρχῆς ἀδίκου παρακαλούσης ἐπὶ τὴν μάχην· ἔνθα δὴ πολλοὶ πολλάκις βασιλεῖς, τῶν μειζόνων ἐπιθυμήσαντες, καὶ τὰ παρόντα προσαπώλεσαν. Ἡ μὲν οὖν ἀρχὴ καὶ οἱ πόλεμοι τοσοῦτον ἀλλήλων διαφέροντας ἔδειξαν τόν τε βασιλέα, καὶ τὸν ἐσπουδακότα τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ λατρείᾳ συζῇν· γνοίη δ' ἄν τις αὐτοὺς ἀκριβῶς, τὸν βίον ἑκατέρου καὶ τὰς πράξεις τὰς παρ' ἡμέραν σκοπῶν. Εὕροι γὰρ ἂν ὡς ἀληθῶς τὸν μὲν ὁμιλοῦντα προφήταις, καὶ τῇ τοῦ Παύλου σοφίᾳ τὴν ψυχὴν καλλωπίζοντα, καὶ μεταπηδῶντα συνεχῶς ἀπὸ μὲν Μωσέως πρὸς Ἡσαΐαν, ἀπὸ δὲ τούτου πρὸς Ἰωάννην, ἀπὸ δὲ τούτου πρὸς ἕτερον· τὸν βασιλέα δὲ συνεχῶς ὁμιλοῦντα ταξιάρχοις καὶ ὑπάρχοις καὶ δορυφόροις· οἷς δέ τις ὁμιλεῖ συνεχῶς, τούτοις ἀφομοιοῦται τὸ ἦθος. Οὐκοῦν ὁ μὲν μονάζων πρὸς τὰ τῶν ἀποστόλων καὶ προφητῶν ἤθη ἐκτυποῦται τὴν γνώμην, ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς πρὸς τὰ τῶν στρατηγῶν καὶ δορυφόρων καὶ ὑπασπιστῶν, ἀνθρώπων οἴνῳ δουλευόντων καὶ ἡδοναῖς χαριζομένων, καὶ τὸ πλέον τῆς ἡμέρας διατριβόντων ἐν πότῳ, οὐδὲν καίριον ἢ καλὸν διὰ τὸν οἶνον ἐπισταμένων. Οὕτως ἄρα καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τὸν μονήρη βίον προσήκει μακαρίζειν μᾶλλον ἢ τὸν ἐν δυναστείᾳ καὶ βασιλείᾳ καὶ σκήπτροις. γʹ. Εἰ δὲ καὶ τῆς νυκτὸς τὸν χρόνον ἐξετάζειν βουληθείημεν, τὸν μοναχὸν μὲν ὀψόμεθα τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ λατρείᾳ καὶ ταῖς εὐχαῖς κοσμούμενον, πολὺ πρότερον ᾄδοντα τῶν ὀρνίθων, ἀγγέλοις συμβιοτεύοντα, Θεῷ συλλαλοῦντα, τῶν οὐρανίων ἀγαθῶν ἀπολαύοντα· τὸν δὲ πολλοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἐφεστηκότα καὶ δήμοις καὶ στρατοπέδοις, καὶ πολλῆς μὲν γῆς, πολλῆς δὲ ἄρχοντα θαλάττης, ἐπὶ τῆς κλίνης ἀνατεταμένον καὶ ῥέγχοντα.