The soul's theatre versus God's workshop
Basil has just closed the third homily with a prayer and now opens the fourth homily, contrasting the empty spectacles of the cities with the spectacle of God's creation that Scripture sets before his hearers.
For we will give no occasion to sins, nor will we leave any place for the enemy in our hearts, since through constant remembrance we have God dwelling within us. To him be all glory and worship, now and always, and to the ages of ages. Amen.
Homily 4: On the gathering of the waters
There are some cities that feast the eyes with all kinds of spectacles by wonder-workers from early dawn until evening itself. And indeed, though they listen at great length to certain broken and corrupted melodies that plant every kind of wantonness in the soul, they are never filled. Many count such crowds blessed, because they abandon the business of the marketplace and the crafts devised for making a living, and pass through the appointed time of their life in complete ease and pleasure. They do not know that a theatre flourishing with licentious spectacles is a common and public school of wantonness for those who sit together in it, and that the harmonious melodies of the flutes and the songs of wantonness, sitting in the souls of those who hear them, persuade everyone to behave shamefully, imitating the strumming of the harpists or the flute-players. And already some of the horse-mad even fight about horses in their dreams, re-yoking chariots and changing charioteers, and in the fantasies of sleep they do not depart at all from their daytime folly.
But shall we, whom the Lord, the great wonder-worker and craftsman, has summoned to the display of his own works, grow weary of the sight, or shrink from hearing the words of the Spirit? Rather, let us stand around this great and varied workshop of the divine creation, and let each of us return in thought to the ancient times, and shall we not see the ordering of the universe: heaven standing, according to the prophetic word, like a vault; the earth, infinite in size and weight, fixed upon itself; air poured out, soft and moist by nature, providing a proper and constant nourishment to those who breathe, yielding and parting before those who move through it because of its softness, so that it offers no obstacle to those who rush forward, always flowing around to meet from behind those who cut through it. And the nature of water, prepared for us both for nourishment and for other uses, and its orderly gathering into the appointed places, you will see from what has just been read to us.
And God said, 'Let the water under heaven be gathered into one gathering, and let the dry land appear.' And it was so, and the water under heaven was gathered into their gatherings, and the dry land appeared. And God called the dry land earth, and the gatherings of the waters he called seas (Genesis 1:9-10).
How much trouble you gave me in the previous words, demanding the reason why the earth was invisible, since color is naturally present with every body, and every color is perceptible to sight! And perhaps what was said did not seem sufficient to you: that 'invisible' was said with reference to us, not with reference to its nature, because of the covering of water that then concealed all the earth. See now, hear the Scripture itself revealing itself.
Greek
Οὔτε γὰρ ἁμαρτίαις καιρόν τινα δώσομεν, οὔτε τῷ ἐχθρῷ τόπον ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν καταλείψομεν, διὰ τῆς συνεχοῦς μνήμης ἔνοικον ἔχοντες ἑαυτῶν τὸν Θεόν· ᾧ πᾶσα δόξα, καὶ προσκύνησις, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν. ΟΜΙΛΙΑ δʹ. Περὶ συναγωγῆς τῶν ὑδάτων 4.1 Εἰσί τινες πόλεις παντοδαποῖς θεάμασι θαυματοποιῶν ἀπὸ βαθέος ὄρθρου μέχρις ἑσπέρας αὐτῆς ἑστιῶσαι τὰς ὄψεις. Καὶ μέντοι καὶ μελῶν τινων κεκλασμένων καὶ διεφθαρμένων καὶ παντάπασι πολλὴν ἀκολασίαν ταῖς ψυχαῖς ἐντικτόντων ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἀκούοντες οὐκ ἐμπίμπλανται. Καὶ τοὺς τοιούτους δήμους πολλοὶ μακαρίζουσιν, ὅτι τὰς κατ' ἀγορὰν ἐμπορίας, ἢ τὰς ἐκ τῶν τεχνῶν πρὸς τὸ ζῆν ἐπινοίας καταλιπόντες, διὰ ῥᾳθυμίας πάσης καὶ ἡδονῆς τὸν τεταγμένον ἑαυτοῖς τῆς ζωῆς χρόνον διαπερῶσιν, οὐκ εἰδότες, ὅτι ὀρχήστρα εὐθηνουμένη θεάμασιν ἀκολάστοις, κοινὸν καὶ δημόσιον διδασκαλεῖον ἀσελγείας τοῖς συγκαθημένοις ἐστί, καὶ τὰ παναρμόνια τῶν αὐλῶν μέλη καὶ ᾄσματα πορνικὰ, ἐγκαθεζόμενα ταῖς τῶν ἀκουσάντων ψυχαῖς, οὐδὲν ἕτερον ἢ πάντας ἀσχημονεῖν ἀναπείθει, τὰ τῶν κιθα ριστῶν ἢ τὰ τῶν αὐλητῶν κρούματα μιμουμένους. Ἤδη δέ τινες τῶν ἱππομανούντων, καὶ ὄναρ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἵππων μάχονται, ἅρματα μεταζευγνύντες καὶ ἡνιόχους μετατιθέντες, καὶ ὅλως τῆς μεθημερινῆς ἀφροσύνης οὐδὲ ἐν ταῖς καθ' ὕπνον φαντα σίαις ἀφίστανται. Ἡμεῖς δὲ ἄρα, οὓς ὁ Κύριος, ὁ μέγας θαυματοποιὸς καὶ τεχνίτης, ἐπὶ τὴν ἐπίδειξιν συνεκάλεσε τῶν οἰκείων ἔργων, ἀποκαμούμεθα πρὸς τὴν θέαν, ἢ ἀποκνήσομεν πρὸς τὴν ἀκρόασιν τῶν λογίων τοῦ Πνεύματος; Ἀλλ' οὐχὶ τὸ μέγα τοῦτο καὶ ποικίλον τῆς θείας δημιουργίας ἐργαστήριον περιστάντες, καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἄνω χρόνους ἐπανελθόντες τῇ διανοίᾳ ἕκαστος, ὀψόμεθα τὴν διακόσμησιν τοῦ παντός; οὐρανὸν μὲν ἱστάμενον, κατὰ τὸν προφητικὸν λόγον, ὡσεὶ καμάραν· γῆν δὲ, τὴν ἄπειρον μεγέθει καὶ βάρει, αὐτὴν ἐφ' ἑαυτῆς ἑδραζομένην· ἀέρα κεχυμένον μαλακὸν καὶ ὑγρὸν τῇ φύσει, οἰκείαν μὲν καὶ διηνεκῆ τροφὴν τοῖς ἀναπνέουσι παρεχόμενον, ὑπείκοντα δὲ καὶ περισχιζόμενον τοῖς κινουμένοις δι' ἁπαλότητα, ὡς μηδὲν ἐμπόδιον εἶναι παρ' αὐτοῦ τοῖς ὁρμῶσιν, ἀεὶ πρὸς τὸ κατόπιν τῶν τεμνόντων αὐτὸν ἀντιπεριισταμένου ῥᾳδίως καὶ περιρρέοντος. Ὕδατος δὲ φύσιν τοῦ τε τροφίμου καὶ τοῦ κατὰ τὰς ἄλλας χρείας ἡμῖν εὐτρεπισθέντος, καὶ τὴν εὔτακτον τούτου πρὸς τοὺς ἀφωρισμένους τόπους συναγωγὴν, ἐκ τῶν ἀρτίως ἡμῖν ἀνεγνωσμένων κατόψει. 4.2 Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεὸς, συναχθήτω τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ ὑποκάτω τοῦ οὐρανοῦ εἰς συναγωγὴν μίαν, καὶ ὀφθήτω ἡ ξηρά. Καὶ ἐγένετο οὕτως, καὶ συνήχθη τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ ὑποκάτω τοῦ οὐρανοῦ εἰς τὰς συναγωγὰς αὐτῶν, καὶ ὤφθη ἡ ξηρά. Καὶ ἐκάλεσεν ὁ Θεὸς τὴν ξηρὰν, γῆν, καὶ τὰ συστήματα τῶν ὑδάτων ἐκάλεσε θαλάσσας. Πόσα μοι πράγματα παρεῖχες ἐν τοῖς κατόπιν λόγοις, ἀπαιτῶν τὴν αἰτίαν πῶς ἀόρατος ἡ γῆ, παντὶ σώματι φυσικῶς χρώματος συμπαρόντος, παντὸς δὲ χρώματος αἰσθητοῦ τῇ ὁράσει καθεστηκότος; Καὶ τάχα σοι οὐκ ἐδόκει αὐτάρκως ἔχειν τὰ εἰρημένα, ὅτι πρὸς ἡμᾶς τὸ ἀόρατον, οὐ πρὸς τὴν φύσιν εἴρητο, διὰ τὴν τοῦ ὕδατος ἐπιπρόσθησιν, ὃ τότε τὴν γῆν πᾶσαν περιεκάλυπτεν. Ἰδοὺ νῦν ἄκουε αὐτῆς ἑαυτὴν τῆς Γραφῆς φανερούσης.