Homily on Psalm 115 · §1 · Basil of Caesarea

Faith before speech about God

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Basil opens the homily by quoting the first verse of Psalm 115 (LXX) and immediately argues that faith, not demonstration, must lead all speech about God.

I believed, therefore I spoke; but I was humbled exceedingly; but I said in my ecstasy, “Every man is a liar.” Let faith lead the words about God—faith, and not demonstration. Faith is what draws the soul to assent by means that surpass logical methods; faith is what comes about not by geometrical necessities but by the energies of the Spirit. “In the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, rise up and walk” (Acts 3:6). The deed followed that voice through the Spirit. From the wonder, the acceptance of the divinity of the Only-begotten became necessary for those who saw. Tell me, what is more compelling toward assent: the weaving together of propositions dragging their conclusion along after them, or a wonder so great, seen so clearly, surpassing every human power? But these things are not approved even now, nor do the works of the Spirit give credibility to the word about God. Instead, artful demonstrations hold their hope in the persuasiveness of the world’s wisdom, not in the strong and clear revelation of the Spirit, which he displays for the salvation of the many through those who have trusted God in simplicity of heart without curious inquiry. But would that I too might believe worthily, so that I may now speak five words with my mind to this great Church of God. And let no one mock the word, as though we were leading our hearers to assent about the things we say without examination. For the first principles of every discipline must necessarily be unexamined by those who learn them; otherwise it is impossible for those who dispute about the first things to advance by method and order to the end. You could learn this even from those outside. For if you do not grant the first principles to the geometer, it is impossible for him to complete what follows. And in arithmetic, the one who opposes the first and elementary principles cuts off the road ahead. Likewise, the first principles of medicine are undemonstrated for physicians. And in general, in whatever pursuit of those who advance by method and order to the end, it is impossible to seek demonstrations of the first assumptions. Rather, one must accept the first principles of the rational arts without examination, and then observe what follows from the things assumed in what comes after. So then, the mystery of theology also seeks assent from unexamined faith. For one must believe, it says, that God exists—not investigate, nor dispute what he is (Hebrews 11:6). And in general, if faith is the substance of things hoped for and the proof of things not seen (Hebrews 11:1), do not be contentious about seeing now the things stored far away, and do not make the things hoped for doubtful because you cannot yet grasp them by knowledge. These things, then, are said in general about faith for the sake of those who fight over words and hold their hope in empty phrases. Now the psalm in hand seems to me to have a sequence of thought that follows the thought of the preceding psalm. For there he said, “I will be pleasing to the Lord in the land of the living” (Psalm 114:9 LXX; Psalm 116:9 Hebrew). Since, then, he speaks about a land not seen, as one who knows it clearly, he gives the reason for his determination about things unseen, saying: “I believed that there is a land of the living; therefore I spoke, that I will be pleasing to the Lord in it” (Psalm 115:1 LXX; Psalm 116:10 Hebrew).

Greek

ΕΙΣ ΤΟΝ ΡΙΕ ΨΑΛΜΟΝ. Ἐπίστευσα, διὸ ἐλάλησα· ἐγὼ δὲ ἐταπεινώθην σφόδρα· ἐγὼ δὲ εἶπα ἐν τῇ ἐκστάσει μου· Πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ψεύστης. Πίστις ἡγείσθω τῶν περὶ Θεοῦ λόγων· πίστις, καὶ μὴ ἀπόδειξις. Πίστις, ἡ ὑπὲρ τὰς λογικὰς μεθόδους τὴν ψυχὴν εἰς συγκατάθεσιν ἕλκουσα· πίστις, οὐχ ἡ γεωμετρικαῖς ἀνάγκαις, ἀλλ' ἡ ταῖς τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐνεργείαις ἐγ γινομένη. Ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Ναζωραίου, ἔγειραι καὶ περιπάτει. Ταύτῃ τῇ φωνῇ ἐπηκολούθει τὸ ἔργον διὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος. Ἐκ τοῦ θαύματος ἀναγκαία ἡ παραδοχὴ τῆς θεότητος τοῦ Μονογενοῦς τοῖς ὁρῶσιν ἐγίνετο. Τί ἀναγκαστικώτερον εἰς συγκατάθεσιν (εἰπέ μοι); προτάσεων πλοκαὶ τὸ συμπέρασμα ἀκόλουθον ἑαυταῖς ἐφελκόμεναι, ἢ θαῦμα τοσοῦτον ἐναργῶς ὁρώμενον, πᾶσαν ἀνθρώπου δύναμιν ὑπερβαῖνον; Ἀλλ' οὐχὶ καὶ νῦν ταῦτα εὐδοκιμεῖ, οὐδὲ τὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος ἔργα τὸν περὶ Θεοῦ λόγον πιστοῦται· ἀλλ' ἔντεχνοι ἀπο δείξεις, ἐν τῷ πιθανῷ τῆς τοῦ κόσμου σοφίας ἔχου σαι τὴν ἐλπίδα, οὐκ ἐν τῷ ἰσχυρῷ καὶ ἐναργεῖ τῆς τοῦ Πνεύματος ἀποκαλύψεως, ἣν, διὰ τῶν ἐν ἁπλότητι καρδίας ἀπεριεργάστως πεποιθότων Θεῷ, τῆς σωτηρίας ἕνεκεν τῶν πολλῶν ἐπιδείκνυται. Ἀλλ' εἴθε κἀμοὶ γένοιτο πιστεῦσαι ἀξίως, ἵνα λαλήσω νῦν τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ τῇ μεγάλῃ ταύτῃ πέντε λό γους ἐν τῷ νοΐ μου. Καὶ μηδεὶς καταχλευαζέτω τὸν λόγον, ὡς ἀβασανίστως ἡμῶν εἰς τὴν ὑπὲρ ὧν λέγομεν συγκατάθεσιν τοὺς ἀκούοντας ἐναγόντων. Ἀνάγκη γὰρ ἑκάστης μαθήσεως ἀνεξετάστους εἶναι τὰς ἀρχὰς τοῖς μανθάνουσιν· ἐπεὶ ἀμήχανον τοὺς περὶ τὰ πρῶτα ζυγομαχοῦντας δυνηθῆναι ὁδῷ καὶ τάξει προελθεῖν εἰς τὸ τέλος. Καὶ τοῦτο ἂν μάθοις παρ' αὐτῶν τῶν ἔξωθεν. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ συγχωρήσειας τὰς πρώτας ἀρχὰς τῷ γεωμέτρῃ, ἀμήχανον αὐτὸν τὰ ἐφεξῆς συμπεράνασθαι. Καὶ τῆς ἀριθμητικῆς ὁ τοῖς πρώτοις καὶ στοιχειώδεσιν ἐνιστάμενος, τὴν εἰς τὸ πρόσω ὁδὸν διακόπτει. Ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ ἰατρικαὶ ἀρχαὶ ἰατροῖς ἀναπόδεικτοι. Καὶ ὅλως, ἐν ὁποιῳδήποτε ἐπιτηδεύματι τῶν ὁδῷ καὶ τάξει προ ϊόντων ἐπὶ τὸ τέλος, ἀδύνατον τῶν πρώτων ὑποθέσεων ἀποδείξεις ἐπιζητεῖν· ἀλλ' ἀνάγκη τὰς τῶν λογικῶν τεχνῶν ἀρχὰς ἀνεξετάστως παραδεξάμενον, τὸ ἐκ τῶν ὑποτεθέντων ἀκόλουθον ἐν τοῖς ἐφεξῆς ἐπιβλέπειν. Οὕτω δὴ οὖν καὶ τὸ τῆς θεολογίας μυ στήριον, τὴν ἐκ τῆς ἀβασανίστου πίστεως ἐπιζητεῖ συγκατάθεσιν. Πιστεῦσαι γὰρ δεῖ, φησὶν, ὅτι ἔστι Θεὸς, οὐχὶ ζητῆσαι, οὐδὲ ζυγομαχῆσαι τὸ τί ἐστι. Καὶ ὅλως, εἰ ἡ πίστις ἐλπιζομένων ἐστὶν ὑπόστασις πραγμάτων, καὶ ἔλεγχος οὐ βλεπομένων, μὴ φιλονείκει ἰδεῖν ἤδη τὰ μακρὰν ἀποκείμενα, μηδὲ τὰ ἐλπι ζόμενα ἀμφίβολα καταστήσῃς, διὰ τὸ μήπω αὐτῶν δύνασθαι κατὰ τὴν γνῶσιν ἐφάπτεσθαι. Ταῦτα μὲν οὖν καθόλου περὶ πίστεως διὰ τοὺς λογομαχοῦντας καὶ ἐν ῥήμασι κενοῖς ἔχοντας τὴν ἐλπίδα. Δοκεῖ δέ μοι ὁ ἐν χερσὶ ψαλμὸς ὡς πρὸς τὴν προάγουσαν ἐν τῷ κατόπιν ψαλμῷ διάνοιαν ἀκολου θίαν ἔχειν. Εἶπε γὰρ ἐκεῖ· Εὐαρεστήσω τῷ Κυρίῳ ἐν χώρᾳ ζώντων. Ἐπεὶ οὖν περὶ μὴ βλεπομένης χώρας διαλέγεται, ὡς σαφῶς ἐπιστάμενος, τὴν αἰτίαν ἀποδίδωσι τοῦ περὶ τῶν ἀδήλων διορισμοῦ, λέγων· Ἐπίστευσα, ὅτι ἔστι τις χώρα ζώντων· διὸ ἐλά λησα, ὅτι Εὐαρεστήσω ἐν αὐτῇ τῷ Κυρίῳ.

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