The Misunderstanding of Types and the Purpose of Fasting
The offspring of Abraham are abortions, slaves of thoughtlessness instead of sons of freedom, ignorant and lawless though supposedly disciples of the law, having lost the hope of the outcome because they did not rationally receive the types of what is to come.
For Moses, in everything he did, prefigured the idols that would come later; whether you speak of the fast, or the feast of tabernacles, or the sounding of the trumpets, likewise the circumcision, the unleavened bread, the bitter herbs. All those things were messages and icons pre-drawn for those being initiated into the mysteries toward the completion.
For I, the Christian, fast well as a slave of the crucified, whether purifying myself toward the hope of the resurrection or clinging as a devoted slave to the sufferings of my Lord. But you, son of the murderers and descendant of those who slaughtered the lamb, having received the inheritance of the shed blood through the voice of the fathers, who thus made vows for themselves and their children, tell me, for what purpose do you fast? If it is as one repenting of the things in which you sinned—I support you in this opinion—and leaving the assembly of those committing adultery, hasten toward the church of the pious. Come to the blood of the lamb and be sprinkled; for from there purification for you shall exist, from which I shall stand away from sin. But if you are still bound to the same things, what do you intend by the abstention from food, or are you imitating the Nile crocodiles, whom they say roar at the heads of the men they ate and weep for the slaughter, not taking repentance for what happened, but rather the fleshless, it seems to me, mourning the head as if it were unfit for eating? Such also is the form regarding the fast.
The fasts are mere dances and plays, middle parts and episodes, things that oppose the outward appearance fasting is understood as a pedagogue of thickening and the restraint of elegance, while the dance interprets the spilled liquid with unbridled and many pleasantries.
For remember here the Mosaic word saying to fast on the tenth of the seventh month. For the seventh month denotes the seventh day, and the tenth denotes the tenth hour, in which the Lord on the cross gave up the ghost.
Greek
γεννήματα τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ ἀμβλωθρίδια, δούλους τῆς ἀφροσύνης τοὺς τῆς ἐλευθερίας υἱούς, ἀμαθεῖς καὶ ἀνόμους τοὺς δῆθεν μαθητὰς τοῦ νόμου, ἀπολέσαντας τῆς ἐκβάσεως τὴν ἐλπίδα, ἐπειδὴ τοὺς τύπους τοῦ μέλλοντος συνετῶς οὐκ ἐδέξαντο. 14.14.4 Μωϋσῆς γὰρ πᾶν ὅπερ ἔπραττε, τῶν εἰς ὕστερον ἐσομένων εἴδωλα προετύπου· κἂν τὴν νηστείαν εἴπῃς, κἂν τὴν σκηνοπηγίαν, κἂν τὴν ὑπόμνησιν τῶν σαλπίγγων, ὁμοίως τὴν περιτομήν, τὰ ἄζυμα, τὰς πικρίδας. Πάντα ἦν ἐκεῖνα τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ πολιτείας μηνύματα, εἰκόνες προχαραχθεῖσαι τοῖς ἐκ προσαγωγῆς μυσταγωγουμένοις πρὸς τὴν τελείωσιν. 14.15.1 Ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ ὁ χριστιανὸς καὶ τοῦ σταυρωθέντος δοῦλος νηστεύω καλῶς, εἴτε πρὸς τὴν ἐλπίδα τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἐμαυτὸν προκαθαίρων εἴτε καὶ ἐπιστυγνάζων ὡς φιλοδέσποτος δοῦλος τοῖς τοῦ Κυρίου μου πάθεσιν. 14.15.2 Σὺ δὲ ὁ τῶν φονέων υἱὸς καὶ τῶν τὸν ἀμνὸν σφαξάντων ἀπόγονος καὶ τὴν κληρονομίαν τοῦ ἐκχεθέντος αἵματος ἐκ τῆς φωνῆς τῶν πατέρων δεξάμενος, τῶν οὕτως ἑαυτοῖς καὶ τοῖς τέκνοις ἐπευξαμένων, ὑπὲρ τίνος νηστεύεις, εἰπέ. Εἰ μὲν ὡς μετανοῶν ἐφ' οἷς ἥμαρτες, ὑπερασπάζομαι σε τῆς γνώμης, καὶ καταλιπὼν τὴν συναγωγὴν τῶν πονηρευομένων σπεῦσον πρὸς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τῶν εὐσεβῶν. 14.15.3 Ἐλθὲ πρὸς τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ἀμνοῦ καὶ ῥαντίσθητι. Ἐκεῖθεν γάρ σοι ὑπάρξει καὶ ἡ κάθαρσις, ὅθεν συνεστήσω τὴν ἁμαρτίαν. Εἰ δὲ ἔτι καὶ νῦν τοῖς αὐτοῖς προσδέδεσαι, τί σοι βούλεται ἡ ἀποχὴ τῶν σιτίων ἢ τοὺς Νειλῴους κροκοδείλους μιμεῖσθαι, οὕς φασι ταῖς κεφαλαῖς ἐπιθρηνεῖν τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὧν ἔφαγον καὶ δακρύειν τὸν φόνον, οὐ μετάνοιαν τῶν γενομένων λαμβάνονταςπῶς γὰρ τὰ ἄλογα θηρία καὶ ἔνυδρα; , ἀλλὰ τὸ ἄσαρκον, ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν, τῆς κεφαλῆς ὀδυρομένους ὡς εἰς βρῶσιν οὐκ ἐπιτήδειον; Οἷον δὲ καὶ τὸ περὶ τὴν νηστείαν σχῆμα. 14.15.4 Χορεῖαι καὶ ὀρχήσεις τῆς ἀσιτείας τὰ μέσα καὶ ἐπεισόδια, πράγματα τῷ σχήματι τῷ φαινομένῳ μαχόμενα· νηστεία γὰρ πυκνώσεως καὶ κοσμίας καταστολῆς νοεῖται παιδαγωγός, χορεία δὲ ἑρμηνεύει τὸ διακεχυμένον ταῖς ἀκράτοις καὶ πολλαῖς εὐπαθείαις. 14.16.1 Μνημόνευσον γὰρ ἐνταῦθα τοῦ ῥητοῦ τοῦ Μωσαϊκοῦ τοῦ λέγοντος τῇ δεκάτῃ τοῦ ἑβδόμου μηνὸς χρῆναι νηστεύειν. ∆ηλοῖ γὰρ ὁ μὲν ἕβδομος μὴν τὴν ἑβδόμην ἡμέραν, ἡ δὲ δεκάτη ἡμέρα τὴν δεκάτην ὥραν, ἐν ᾗ ὁ Κύριος ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ ἀφῆκε