Zacchaeus and the Comparison with Rahab
A word concerning Zacchaeus by Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium. Nothing directs the soul toward joy as much as the fear of God, the avoidance of evils, the path of repentance, and the way of confession.
Therefore even today David blessed those obtaining the forgiveness of sins (Psalm 32:1), while at once presenting the philanthropy of Christ and at once preparing the sinners to run toward repentance. Blessed, he says, are those from whom lawlessness was forgiven and from whom sins were covered (Psalm 32:1). Therefore, let a former tax collector run toward the chaste springs of the salvation of Christ.
There is no receiving a solution from evils nor obtaining blessedness without it, even if you should say prophet, apostle, or evangelist. For all drew from the same spring. In the prophets, David himself, even now being a prophet after adultery, is so because of the grace of the one who forgave. In the apostles, Peter and Paul; for the one, after the denial, holds the keys of the kingdom, and the other, after the persecution of the Gentiles, became an apostle, having changed the Jewish zeal into an evangelical manner.
For in the gospels I know not only Matthew being saved from tax collectors, but also two others with him: of whom one, praying so as to strike the chest, the treasure of evils, from not daring to lift up hands to holy things, from wetting from below, was not only justified but also crowned according to a Pharisee; but Zacchaeus, having climbed upon the tree on which he had stood many times, watching lest any of the merchants might pass by unknowingly so that he might not remain without wealth, watched lest the merchant of heaven and earth, bringing the treasure of the refuge of the kingdom, might pass him by. In order that we may not entirely mix the histories of the tax collectors, if it seems good, taking Zacchaeus alone today, I expand the word for the purpose of a treatise. Having gone out, he says, Jesus was passing through Jericho and behold, a man named (Luke 19:1)...
Zacchaeus also was a tax collector. The evangelist does not mention Jericho simply, but says that God, having thought well of a tax collector in the house. But the matter was unbelievable. He sets before us the pattern, so that, having remembered Rahab the prostitute, we may not be estranged from the reversal of Zacchaeus the stranger. For this reason, therefore, he remembered Jericho, so that having taken Rahab the prostitute into mind, we might compare the manner of both salvations.
For just as Rahab the prostitute received Joshua the son of Nun as a spy and hid him, so also Zacchaeus the tax collector received the true Jesus, who scouts our mind, and nourished him in the house. That woman received Joshua the son of Nun, who brought the people into the land of promise; this man receives the true Jesus, who is into the kingdom of heaven, etc. That woman received Joshua the son of Nun lacuna this man receives the true Jesus, who laid the foundation of the Jews' temple; for not, he says, shall a stone remain upon a stone here that shall not be destroyed (Matt 21:42). That woman received Joshua the son of Nun, who brought the people through the Jordan into a land flowing with milk and honey (Exod 3:8); this man receives the true Jesus, who brings the believers through baptism to where eye has not seen and ear has not heard and which has not ascended upon the heart of man (1 Cor 2:9). That woman received Joshua the son of Nun, who brought the treasure out of the earth upon a wood; this man receives the true Jesus, who received the thief into paradise (Luke 23:43). lacuna
The spring of Jericho was formerly a mother of strife, a nourisher of barrenness, having water that is incomplete. For indeed the stream had an unmeasured flow, like oil flowing without sound, but the sight of the waters sent away the thirsty ones who were looking; for the drink was not without danger to those in need; for the pool had destruction. For the beauty of the spring moved those passing by toward a run, but the fear of harm cut back the readiness.
Greek
In Zacchaeum Ἀμφιλοχίου ἐπισκόπου Ἰκονίου λόγος εἰς τὸν Ζακχαῖον. Οὐδὲν οὕτως τὴν ψυχὴν πρὸς εὐφροσύνην διανίστησιν ὡς φόβος θεοῦ καὶ κακῶν ἀποχὴ καὶ μετανοίας δρόμος καὶ ἐξομο λογήσεως τρόπος. Ὅθεν καὶ σήμερον ∆αβὶδ τοὺς τῆς ἀφέσεως τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν τυχόντας ἐμακάριζεν ἅμα μὲν τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν τοῦ Χριστοῦ παριστῶν, ἅμα δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἁμαρτωλοὺς προσδραμεῖν τῇ μετανοίᾳ παρασκευάζων ... μακάριοι, φησίν, ὧν ἀφέθησαν αἱ ἀνομίαι καὶ ὧν ἐπεκαλύφθησαν αἱ ἁμαρτίαι ... τις οὖνη πόρνοςτελώνης εἰς τὰς ἀκενώτους τῆς σωτη ρίας τοῦ Χριστοῦ τρεχέτωπηγάς. Οὐκ ἔστιν ἄνευ αὐτῆς οὐ κακῶν λύσιν λαβεῖν οὐ τοῦ μακαρισμοῦ τυχεῖν, κἂν προφήτας κἂν ἀποστόλους κἂν εὐαγγελιστὰς εἴπῃς. Πάντες γὰρ ἐκ τῆς αὐτῆς ἤντλησαν πηγῆς. Ἐν προφήταις μὲν αὐτὸς ὁ ∆αβὶδ μετὰ μοιχείαν ἔτι καὶ νῦν προφήτης ὢν διὰ τὴν τοῦ συγχωρήσαντος χάριν. Ἐν ἀποστόλοις δὲ Πέτρος καὶ Παῦλος, ὁ μὲν γὰρ μετὰ τὴν ἄρνησιν τὰς κλεῖς τῆς βασιλείας ἔχει, ὁ δὲ μετὰ τὴν δίωξιν τῶν ἐθνῶν κατέστη ἀπόστολος τὸν Ἰουδαϊκὸν ζῆλον εἰς εὐαγγελικὸν μετα θεὶς τρόπον. Ἐν γὰρ τοῖς εὐαγγελίοις οὐ Ματθαῖον μόνον σῳζόμενον ἐκ τελωνῶν οἶδα, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἑτέρους σὺν αὐτῷ δύο· ὧν εἷς μὲν προσευχόμενος ἐκ τοῦ τὸ στῆθος τύπτειν, τὸν θησαυρὸν τῶν κακῶν, ἐκ τοῦ μὴ τολμᾶν ἐπᾶραι τὰς χεῖρας εἰς τὰ ἅγια, ἐκ τοῦ κάτω νεύειν οὐ μόνον ἐδικαιώθη, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ φαρισαῖον ἐστεφανώθη· Ζακχαῖος δὲ ἀνελθὼν ἐπὶ τὸ δένδρον ἐν ᾧ πολλά κις ἑστὼς κατεσκόπει μὴ πού τις τῶν ἐμπόρων λαθὼν παρέλθῃ ὅπως μὴ ἀζήμιος μείνῃ, ἐτήρει μὴ λάθῃ αὐτὸν παραδραμὼν ὁ οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς ἔμπορος, ὁ τὸν ἄσυλον τῆς βασιλείας ἐπιφερό μενος θησαυρόν.Ἵνα δὲ μὴ ὅλως ὁμοῦ τῶν τελωνῶν συγχέωμεν τὰς ἱστορίας, εἰ δοκεῖ, σήμερον τὸν Ζακχαῖον μόνον λαβόντες εἰς ὑπόθεσιν πραγματείας τὸν λόγον εὐρύνωμεν. Ἐξελθών, φησίν, ὁ Ἰησοῦς διήρχετο τὴν Ἰεριχὼ καὶ ἰδοὺ ἀνὴρ ὀνόματι καλούμενος Ζακχαῖος καὶ οὗτος ἦν ἀρχιτελώνης. Οὐχ ἁπλῶς δὲ τῆς Ἰεριχὼ μέμνηται ὁ εὐαγγελιστής, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ τελώνην οἴκοι φιλοφρονησάμενον θεὸν λέγει. Ἄπιστον δὲ ἦν τὸ πρᾶγμα. Προτίθησιν αὐτοῦ τὴν πατρί δα, ἵνα τῆς πόρνης ὑπομνησθέντες Ῥαὰβ μὴ ξενισθῶμεν πρὸς τὴν ξένην Ζακχαίου παλινοδίαν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο οὖν ἐμνήσθη τῆς Ἰεριχώ, ἵνα ἐν νῷ λαβόντες Ῥαὰβ τὴν πόρνην συγκρίνωμεν ἀμφοτέρων τῆς σωτηρίας τὸν τρόπον. Ὥσπερ γὰρ Ῥαὰβ ἡ πόρνη Ἰησοῦν τὸν τοῦ Ναυὴ ὡς κατάσκοπον δεξαμένη ἔκρυψεν, οὕτω καὶ Ζακχαῖος ὁ τελώνης τὸν ἀληθινὸν Ἰησοῦν τὸν κατασκο πεύοντα ἡμῶν τὴν διάνοιαν οἴκοι δεξάμενος ἔθρεψεν. Ἐκείνη Ἰησοῦν τὸν τοῦ Ναυὴ ἐδέξατο τὸν εἰς τὴν γῆν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας τὸν λαὸν εἰσαγαγόντα· οὗτος τὸν ἀληθινὸν Ἰησοῦν δέχεται τὸν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶ κατ . Ἐκείνη Ἰησοῦν ἐδέξατο τὸν lacuna septem linearum οὗτος τὸν ἀληθινὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐδέξατο τὸν τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐδαφίσαντα ναόν· Οὐ μὴ γάρ, φησί, μείνῃ ὧδε λίθος ἐπὶ λίθον ὃς οὐ μὴ καταλυθήσεται. Ἐκείνη Ἰησοῦν ἐδέξατο τὸν διὰ τοῦ Ἰορδάνουτὸν λαὸν εἰς γῆν ῥέουσαν γάλα καὶ μέλι εἰσαγαγόντα· οὗτος τὸν ἀληθινὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐδέξατο τὸν διὰ τοῦ βαπτίσματος εἰσαγαγόντα τοὺς πιστοὺς ὅπου ὀφθαλμὸς οὐκ εἶδεν καὶ οὖς οὐκ ἤκουσεν καὶ ἐπὶ καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἀνέβη. Ἐκείνη Ἰησοῦν ἐδέξατο τὸν τὸν βότρυν ἐπὶ ξύλου ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἐξαγαγόντα· οὗτος τὸν 1 ἀληθινὸν Ἰησοῦν ὑπεδέξατο τὸν τὸν λῃστὴν εἰς τὸν παράδεισον εἰσαγαγόνταου διὰσλω 16 οι lacuna quinque linearumἩ πηγὴ τῆς Ἰεριχὼ ἦν πρότερον ἀγονίας μήτηρ, ἀκαρπίας τροφός, ἀτελὲς τὸ ὕδωρ ἔχουσα. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ ῥεῖθρον ἀχανὲς εἶχεν, οἷον ἔλαιον ἀψοφητὶ ῥέουσα, ἡ δὲ τῶν ὑδάτων θέα διψῶν τας τοὺς θεωμένους ἀπέλυεν· οὐ γὰρ ἀκίνδυνος ἦν τοῖς δεομέ νοις ἡ πόσις· ὀλέθριον γὰρ εἶχε τὸ νᾶμα. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ κάλλος τῆς πηγῆς πρὸς δρόμον ἐκίνει τοὺς παριόντας, ὁ δὲ φόβος τῆς βλάβης τὴν προθυμίαν ἀνέκοπτεν.
About this text
A bishop's reflection on Zacchaeus explores forgiveness, repentance, and the transformative power of Christ's love.
Catalogue & scope
Khazarzar scan
Witnesses
- Copy-text PG 39 (Khazarzar) (Greek)
This is an AI-assisted study translation. Source fidelity and completeness have not been independently certified. Open Greek on each section for the source text. This is not a complete critical edition.