The Greatness of Anna the Prophetess
It is shown that this has reference to the Lord: 'Every male opening a womb shall be called holy to the Lord,' according to Gabriel who spoke to the Virgin: 'The Holy Spirit will come upon you and the power of the Most High will overshadow you, therefore the one being born shall be called holy, the Son of God' (Luke 1:35). One might say of the opponents, that if this refers to the Lord: 'Every male opening a womb shall be called holy to the Lord,' the virgin did not remain a virgin.
For the Scripture spoke: 'Every male opening a womb'; the virginal womb was certainly opened, if it has reference to the Lord. Listen intelligently: regarding the virginal nature, the virginal gates were not opened at all, by the will of having been fully impregnated according to what is clearly said about him: 'This is the gate of the Lord; he will enter and go out, and the gate will be shut' (Ezekiel 44:2). Just as regarding the virginal nature the virginal gates were not opened at all, regarding the power of the born Lord nothing is shut to the Lord, but all things are opened. Nothing is hindering, nothing is troubling; all things are opened to the Lord. Therefore also the highest powers above have cried out to guarantee the lower ones, saying: 'Lift up your gates, O rulers, and the King of Glory will enter' (Psalm 24:7).
Marvellous indeed is the virginity, the true virginity, since there is also a difference even in virginity: some having slumbered, and others having kept watch. Marvellous also is the marriage, the true marriage and precious; for many kept watch and many stumbled. And marvellous also is the widowhood; for it is beautiful to remember among the three ranks. And, as I said before, marvellous also is the widowhood, the true widowhood, which has conquered the contest of the undefiled struggles; such as what has been read to us fully, Anna the prophetess, who aged well and was renewed like an eagle.
Did you hear clearly the Evangelist Luke saying: 'And there was Anna the prophetess, daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher; this one having advanced in many days, having lived with a husband seven years from her virginity, and this one a widow until eighty-four years old' (Luke 2:36-37)?
..., who served in fasts and prayers in the temple night and day. Have you seen what the widow Anna is praised for in the divine Gospels? Thus, Anna the Anna; the distinction of her name joined with the excellence of her ways. Let the women hear and let them zealously imitate the glorious Anna, that they may run the same course and enjoy equal crowns. Let no one make an excuse to avoid the purity of monogamy.
Anna is the crown of widows; woman is her form, prophetess is her rank; living in widowhood, being nourished in the kingdom; her body having been purified, her soul having been strengthened; her countenance having been made bright, her mind having been disciplined; bending with age, yet walking uprightly in knowledge; having been made old by many years, yet trembling with the knowledge of God; fasting and not eating gluttonously; praying and not being sluggish; attending to the temple, not running about in the houses of others; singing, not babbling; prophesying, not mythologizing; studying the divine things, not bringing forward the unseemly. Anna surpassed the widow blessed by the Apostle. Which one is this? Hear Paul saying: 'Let a widow not less than sixty years old be taken, if she has raised children, if she has washed the feet of saints, if she has devoted herself to prayer, if she has followed every good work' (1 Tim 5:5). This one surpassed the one blessed by the Apostle, both in years and in her way of life.
For having been worthy of prophecy and having become a vessel of the Holy Spirit, and having signaled to all those awaiting the incarnate presence of the Lord the symbols of that presence, how did she not exceed all that the Evangelist has said about her, as you have clearly heard? And this Anna, he says, appearing to her at that very hour, was giving thanks to the Lord and was speaking to all those awaiting redemption in Jerusalem. Have you seen the greatness of Anna? She was a helper for the Lord, speaking about Him in His very presence. Oh, the paradoxical things! A widow, yet she was rebuking the high priests and scribes and was greatly encouraging all the people, signaling the redemption that was to be in Jerusalem by the Lord.
Greek
δείκνυται ὅτι εἰς τὸν κύριον τὴν ἀναφορὰν ἔχει τό· Πᾶν ἄρρεν διανοῖγον μήτραν ἅγιον τῷ κυρίῳ κληθήσεται, κατὰ τὸν Γαβριὴλ τὸν εἰρηκότα πρὸς τὴν παρθένον· Πνεῦμα ἅγιον ἐπελεύσεται ἐπὶ σὲ καὶ δύναμις ὑψίστου ἐπισκιάσει σοι, διὸ καὶ τὸ γεννώμενον ἅγιον κληθήσεται υἱὸς θεοῦ. Ἔστι δὲ πάντως εἰπεῖν τινα τῶν ἀντιλεγόντων, ὅτι εἰ τοίνυν εἰς τὸν κύριον τὴν ἀναφορὰν ἔχει τό· Πᾶν ἄρρεν διανοῖγον μήτραν ἅγιον τῷ κυρίῳ κληθήσεται, οὐκ ἔμεινεν ἡ παρθένος παρθένος. Ἐφώνησε γὰρ ἡ γραφὴ ὅτι Πᾶν ἄρρεν διανοῖγον μήτραν· ἀνέῳκτο πάντως ἡ παρθενικὴ μήτρα, εἰ εἰς τὸν κύριον τὴν ἀναφορὰν κέκτηται. Ἄκουε συνετῶς· πρὸς μὲν τὴν παρθενικὴν φύσιν οὐδ' ὅλως αἱ παρθενικαὶ πύλαι ἠνεῴχθησαν βουλήσει τοῦ ἀρτίως κυοφορηθέντος κατὰ τὸ φάσκον περὶ αὐτοῦ ῥητόν· Αὕτη ἡ πύλη τοῦ κυρίου, καὶ εἰσελεύσεται καὶ ἐξελεύσεται καὶ ἔσται ἡ πύλη κεκλεισμένη. Ὡς πρὸς τὴν παρθενικὴν τοίνυν φύσιν οὐδ' ὅλως ἠνεῴχθησαν αἱ παρθενικαὶ πύλαι· ὡς δὲ πρὸς τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ τεχθέντος δεσπότου οὐδὲν κέκλεισται τῷ κυρίῳ, ἀλλὰ πάντα ἠνέῳκται. Οὐδὲν τὸ παρεμποδίζον, οὐδὲν τὸ παρενοχλοῦν· πάντα τῷ κυρίῳ ἠνέῳκται. Ὅθεν καὶ αἱ ἄνω ὑπέρταται δυνάμεις ταῖς κάτω παρεγγυῶσαι κεκράγασι λέγουσαι· Ἄρατε πύλας, οἱ ἄρχοντες ὑμῶν, καὶ εἰσελεύσεται ὁ βασιλεὺς τῆς δόξης. Θαυμαστὴ τοιγαροῦν ἡ παρθενία, ἡ ἀληθὴς παρθενία, ἐπειδή ἐστι καὶ ἐν παρθενίᾳ διαφορά· αἱ μὲν νυστάξασαι, αἱ δὲ γρηγορήσασαι. Θαυμαστὸς καὶ ὁ γάμος, ὁ ἀληθὴς γάμος καὶ τίμιος· πολλοὶ γὰρ ἐφύλαξαν καὶ πολλοὶ παρεσάλευσαν. Θαυμαστὴ δὲ καὶ ἡ χηροσύνη· καλὸν γὰρ τῶν τριῶν ταγμάτων ἀπομνημονεῦσαι. Καί, ὡς προεῖπον, θαυμαστὴ καὶ ἡ χηροσύνη, ἡ ὄντως χηροσύνη, ἡ τὸν τῶν ἀμιάντων ἄθλων ἀγῶνα νικήσασα· οἵα γέγονεν ἡ ἀρτίως ἡμῖν παραναγνωσθεῖσα Ἄννα ἡ προφῆτις, ἡ καλῶς γηράσασα καὶ ὡς ἀετὸς ἀνακαινισθεῖσα. Ἤκουες ἀρτίως τοῦ εὐαγγελιστοῦ Λουκᾶ λέγοντος· Καὶ ἦν Ἄννα προφῆτις, θυγάτηρ Φανουήλ, ἐκ φυλῆς Ἀσήρ, αὕτη προβεβηκυῖα ἐν ἡμέραις πολλαῖς, ζήσασα μετὰ ἀνδρὸς ἔτη ἑπτὰ ἀπὸ τῆς παρθενίας αὐτῆς· καὶ αὕτη χήρα ὡς ἐτῶν ὀγδοήκοντα τεσσάρων, ἥτις ἐν νηστείαις καὶ δεήσεσιν ἐλάτρευεν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ νύκτα καὶ ἡμέραν. Εἶδες ἐν τίσιν καὶ οἵα ἡ χήρα Ἄννα ἐν τοῖς θείοις εὐαγγελίοις ἐγκεκαλλώπισται; Ὄντως ἄννα ἡ Ἄννα· συνέδραμεν τῇ τῶν τρόπων εὐδοξίᾳ ἡ τοῦ ὀνόματος προσηγορία. Ἀκουέτωσαν αἱ γυναῖκες καὶ ζηλούτωσαν τὴν ἔνδοξον Ἄνναν· τὸν ὅμοιον δρόμον τρεχέτωσαν, ἵνα τῶν ἴσων στεφάνων ἀπολαύσωσιν. Μηδεὶς ἀπροστασίαν προφασίσηται, ἵνα μὴ τὴν ἁγνείαν τῆς μονογαμίας ἀποσείσηται. Στέφανος τῶν χηρῶν ἡ Ἄννα· γυνὴ τὸ σχῆμα, προφῆτις τὸ τάγμα· ἐν χηροσύνῃ διάγουσα, ἐν βασιλείᾳ διατρεφομένη· κεχαλασμένη τὸ σῶμα, νενευρωμένη τὴν ψυχήν· ἐρρυσιδωμένη τὴν ὄψιν, διατεταμένη τὴν φρόνησιν· τῷ γήρᾳ συγκύπτουσα, ὀρθοβατοῦσα τῇ γνώσει· τῇ πολυετίᾳ πεπαλαιωμένη, σφριγῶσα τῇ θεογνωσίᾳ· νηστεύουσα καὶ μὴ ἀδηφαγοῦσα· δεομένη καὶ μὴ ῥεμβομένη· τῷ ἱερῷ σχολάζουσα, ἀλλοτρίους οἴκους μὴ περι τρέχουσα· ψάλλουσα, μὴ φλυαροῦσα· προφητεύουσα, μὴ μυθολο γοῦσα· τὰ θεῖα μελετῶσα, τὰ ἄσεμνα μὴ προξενοῦσα. Ὑπερέβαλεν ἡ Ἄννα τὴν παρὰ τοῦ ἀποστόλου μακαριζομένην χήραν. Ποίαν ταύτην; Ἄκουε Παύλου λέγοντος· Χήρα καταλεγέσθω μὴ ἔλαττον ἐτῶν ἑξήκοντα, εἰ ἐτεκνοτρόφησεν, εἰ ἁγίων πόδας ἔνιψεν, εἰ δεομένοις 2 ἐπήρκεσεν, εἰ παντὶ ἔργῳ ἀγαθῷ ἐπηκολούθησεν. Ὑπερέ βαλεν αὕτη τὴν ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀποστόλου μακαρισθεῖσαν καὶ τοῖς ἔτεσι καὶ τοῖς πολιτεύμασιν. Ἡ γὰρ προφητείας ἀξιωθεῖσα καὶ πνεύματος ἁγίου δοχεῖον ὑπάρξασα καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς προσδεχομέ νοις τὴν τοῦ κυρίου ἔνσαρκον παρουσίαν τὰ σύμβολα τῆς παρουσίας μηνύσασα, πῶς οὐχ ὑπερηκόντισε πάσας τοῦ εὐαγγελιστοῦ περὶ αὐτῆς εἰρηκότος, καθὼς ἀρτίως ἤκουες· Καὶ αὕτη, φησίν, ἡ Ἄννα αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ ἐπιστᾶσα ἀνθωμολογεῖτο τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ ἐλάλει πᾶσι τοῖς προσδεχομένοις λύτρωσιν ἐν Ἱερουσαλήμ. Εἶδες τῆς Ἄννης τὴν μεγαλειότητα; Ὑπὲρ τοῦ κυρίου συνηγόρει ἐπὶ αὐτοῦ τὰ αὐτοῦ κατενώπιον αὐτοῦ λαλοῦσα. Ὢ τῶν παραδόξων πραγμάτων! Χήρα, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ γραμματεῖς ἐδρίμυττε καὶ δριμύττουσα πάντα τὸν λαὸν ἐψυχαγώγει μηνύουσα τὴν μέλλουσαν ἔσεσθαι λύτρωσιν ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ τῇ τοῦ κυρίου