Scripture and Inspiration

Justin Martyr, First Apology 35

Justin Martyr · c. 100–c. 165 AD

Christ was born to set the rest of humanity free, but only when He had fully become a man; and that has now come to pass, as the earlier passages show. Here they are: "A child has been born to us, and a son has been given to us, whose rule rests upon his shoulders" (Isaiah). This is a sign of the power of the cross, upon which He bore the weight of that rule when He was crucified, as will be made even clearer in the dawning of the Word. Again the same prophet Isaiah, carried by the prophetic Spirit, declares: "I stretched out my hands all day long to a disobedient and contrary people, to those who walk in a way that is not good. They now demand judgment and dare to draw near to God" (Isaiah). And once more, through another prophet, He says: "They pierced my hands and my feet, and cast lots for my clothing" (Isaiah). David, the king and prophet who spoke these words, suffered none of them; but Jesus Christ was put to the test regarding His hands, crucified by the Jews who denied Him and claimed He was not the Christ. Just as the prophet foretold, they dragged Him before the judgment seat and said, "Judge us" (Isaiah). The words "They pierced my hands and feet" explain the nails driven through His hands and feet on the cross. After they crucified Him, they cast lots for His clothing and divided it among themselves, the very ones who crucified Him. That these things happened you can verify from the official records made under Pontius Pilate. And since it was explicitly prophesied that He would mount a donkey's colt and enter Jerusalem, we will cite the words of another prophet, Zechariah: "Rejoice greatly, daughter of Zion; shout aloud, daughter of Jerusalem! Look, your king comes to you, gentle and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a beast of burden" (Zechariah).

Greek

Ὡς δὲ καὶ λήσειν ἔμελλε τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους γεννηθεὶς ὁ Χριστὸς ἄχρις ἀνδρωθῇ. ὅπερ καὶ γέγονεν, ἀκούσατε τῶν προειρημένων εἰς τοῦτο. Ἔστι δὲ ταῦτα· „Παιδίον ἐγεννήθη ἡμῖν, καὶ νεανίσκος ἡμῖν ἀπεδόθη, οὗ ἡ ἀρχ(??) ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων“· μηνυτικὸν τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ σταυροῦ, ᾧ προσέθηκε τοὺς ὤμους σταυρωθείς, ὡς πρωϊόντος τοῦ λόγον σαφέστερον δειχθήσεται. Καὶ πάλιν ὁ αὐτὸς προφήτης Ἡσαΐας θεοφορούμενος τῷ πνεύματι τῷ προφητικῷ ἔφη· ,Ἐγώ ἐξεπέτασα τὰς χεῖράς μου ἐπὶ λαὸν ἀπειθοῦντα καὶ ἀντιλέγοντα, ἐπὶ τοὺς πορευομένους ἐν ὁδῷ οὐ καλῇ. Αἰτοῦσί με νῦν κρίσιν καὶ ἐγγίζειν θεῷ τολμῶσιν“. Καὶ πάλιν ἐν ἄλλοις λόγοις δι᾿ ἑτέρου προφήτου λέγει· „Αὐιοὶ ὤρυξάν μου πόδας καὶ χεῖρας, καὶ ἔβαλον κλῆρον ἐπὶ τὸν ἱματισμόν μου“. Καὶ ὁ μὲν Δαυῒδ ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ προφήτης, ὁ εἰπὼν ταῦτα, οὐδὲν τούτων ἔπαθεν· Ἰησοῦς δὲ Χριστὸς ἐξετάθη τὰς χεῖρας, σταυρωθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἀντιλεγόντων αὐτῷ καὶ φασκόντων μὴ εἶναι αὐτὸν Χριστόν· καὶ γάρ, ὡς εἶπεν ὁ προφήτης, διασύροντες αὐτὸν ἐκάθισαν ἐπὶ βήματος καὶ εἶπον· Κρῖνον ἡμῖν. Τὸ δὲ „Ὤρυξάν μου χεῖρας καὶ πόδας‘· ἐξήγησις τῶν ἐν τῷ σταυρῷ παγέντων ἐν ταῖς χερσὶ καὶ τοῖς ποσὶν αὐτοῦ ἥλων ἦν. Καὶ μετὰ τὸ σταυρῶσαι αὐτὸν ἔβαλον κλῆρον ἐπὶ τὸν ἱματισμὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐμερίσαντο ἑαυτοῖς οἱ σταυρώσαντες αὐτόν. Καὶ ταῦτα ὅτι γέγονε, δύνασθε μαθεῖν ἐκ τῶν ἐπὶ Ποντίου Πιλάτου γενομένων ἄκτων. Καὶ ὅτι ῥητῶς καθεσθησόμενος ἐπὶ πῶλον ὄνου καὶ εἰσελευσόμενος εἰς τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα προεπεφήτευτο, ἑτέρου προφήτου τοῦ Σοφονίου τας τῆς προφητείας λέξεις ἐροῦμεν. Εἰσὶ δὲ αὗται· „Χαῖρε σφόδρα, θύγατερ Σιών, κήρυσσε, θύγατερ Ἱερουσαλήμ· ἰδοὺ ὁ βασιλεύς σου ἔρχεται σοι πρᾶος, ἐπιβεβηκὼς ἐπὶ ὄνον καὶ πῶλον υἱὸν ὑποζυγίου“.

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