Form of Scripture They Used

Clement of Alexandria, Miscellanies 2

Clement of Alexandria · c. 150–c. 215 AD

I have this to say to lovers of learning regarding the notes that have gathered up Greek wisdom at the critical moments: first, even if philosophy were useless, proving its uselessness would itself be useful; so it would still serve a purpose. Moreover, you cannot dismiss the Greeks merely by quoting the doctrines they hold without entering into the detailed exposition that leads to genuine understanding. Experience shows that the most perfect proof comes from knowing what has been examined and found wanting. A craftsman, after all, uses many pieces that do not directly serve the final product. In the same way, wide learning assists the teacher who presents the most important doctrines to persuade the hearers and awaken wonder in the instructed, thereby introducing them to the truth. Such guidance of the soul is trustworthy: through it, lovers of learning accept the truth even when it is veiled, so that they do not suppose philosophy ruins life by fabricating falsehoods and worthless deeds, as some have slandered it, but recognize it as a vivid image of truth, a divine gift given to the Greeks; and so that we ourselves are not torn from the faith, as though bewitched by some deceitful art, but rather, so to speak, employ a fuller veil, gaining from it a kind of training that proves faith. Indeed, the interplay of doctrines through comparison engages the truth, and knowledge has followed this path—not because philosophy intervened first, but because we take the fruit of knowledge as a sure pledge of true comprehension through the science of what is conjectured. I pass over in silence the fact that the Stromata, clothed in wide learning, artfully conceal the seeds of knowledge. Just as the hunter who seeks, searches, tracks, and runs down his quarry finally captures the beast, so the truth appears sweet when sought and is won through toil. Why, then, were these notes arranged in this way? Because there is great danger that the secret discourse of true philosophy may be betrayed to those who shamelessly contradict everything without justice, reject every name and word in utter disorder, deceiving themselves and seducing those who follow them. For the Hebrews ask for signs, as the apostle says, but the Greeks seek wisdom (1 Cor 1:22).

Greek

ὑπὲρ δὲ τῶν ὑπομνημάτων τῶν περιειληφότων κατὰ τοὺς ἀναγκαίους καιροὺς τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν δόξαν τοσοῦτόν φημι τοῖς φιλεγκλήμοσι· πρῶτον μὲν εἰ καὶ ἄχρηστος εἴη φιλοσοφία, εἰ εὔχρηστος ἡ τῆς ἀχρηστίας βεβαίωσις, εὔχρηστος· ἔπειτα οὐδὲ καταψηφίσασθαι τῶν Ἑλλήνων οἶόν τε ψιλῇ τῇ περὶ τῶν δογματισθέντων αὐτοῖς χρωμένους φράσει, μὴ συνεμβαίνοντας εἰς τὴν κατὰ μέρος ἄχρι συγγνώσεως ἐκκάλυψιν. πιστὸς γὰρ εὖ μάλα ὁ μετ’ ἐμπειρίας ἔλεγχος, ὅτι καὶ τελειοτάτη ἀπόδειξις εὑρίσκεται ἡ γνῶσις τῶν κατεγνωσμένων. πολλὰ δ’ οὖν καὶ μὴ συμβαλλόμενα εἰς τέλος συγκοσμεῖ τὸν τεχνίτην. καὶ ἄλλως ἡ πολυμαθία διασυστατικὴ τυγχάνει τοῦ παρατιθεμένου τὰ κυριώτατα τῶν δογμάτων πρὸς πειθὼ τῶν ἀκροωμένων καὶ θαυμασμὸν ἐγγεννῶσα τοῖς κατηχουμένοις καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν συνίστησιν. ἀξιόπιστος δὲ ἡ τοιαύτη ψυχαγωγία, δἰ ἧς κεκαλυμμένην οἱ φιλομαθεῖς παραδέχονται τὴν ἀλήθειαν, πρὸς τὸ μήτε αὐτοὺς δοκεῖν τὴν φιλοσοφίαν λυμαίνεσθαι τὸν βίον, ψευδῶν πραγμάτων καὶ φαύλων ἔργων δημιουργὸν ὑπάρχουσαν, ᾗ τινες διαβεβλήκασιν, ἀληθείας οὖσαν εἰκόνα ἐναργῆ, θείαν δωρεὰν Ἕλλησι δεδομένην, μήτε ἡμᾶς ἀποσπᾶσθαι τῆς πίστεως, οἷον ὑπό τινος ἀπατηλοῦ τέχνης καταγοητευομένους, ἀλλ’ ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν, περιβολῇ πλείονι χρωμένους, ἁμῇ γέ πῃ συγγυμνασίαν τινὰ πίστεως ἀποδεικτικὴν ἐκπορίζεσθαι. ναὶ μὴν καὶ ἡ συναφὴ τῶν δογμάτων διὰ τῆς ἀντιπαραθέσεως τὴν ἀλήθειαν μνηστεύεται, δἰ ἧς ἐξηκολούθηκεν ἡ γνῶσις, οὐ κατὰ προηγούμενον λόγον τῆς φιλοσοφίας παρεισελθούσης, διὰ δὲ τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς γνώσεως καρπόν ἡμῶν βέβαιον λαμβανόντων πεῖσμα τῆς ἀληθοῦς καταλήψεως διὰ τῆς τῶν ὑπονοουμένων ἐπιστήμης. σιωπῶ γὰρ ὅτι οἱ Στρωματεῖς τῇ πολυμαθίᾳ σωματοποιούμενοι κρύπτειν ἐντέχνως τὰ τῆς γνώσεως βούλονται σπέρματα. καθάπερ οὖν ὁ τῆς ἄγρας ἐρωτικὸς ζητήσας. ἐρευνήσας, ἀνιχνεύσας, κυνοδρομήσας αἱρεῖ τὸ θηρίον, οὕτω καὶ τἀληθὲς γλυκύτητι φαίνεται ζητηθὲν καὶ πόνῳ πορισθέν. τί δή ποτ’ οὖν ὧδε διατετάχθαι φίλον ἔδοξεν εἶναι τοῖς ὑπομνήμασιν; ὅτι μέγας ὁ κίνδυνος τὸν ἀπόρρητον ὡς ἀληθῶς τῆς ὄντως φιλοσοφίας λόγον ἐξορχήσασθαι τούτοις, οἳ ἀφειδῶς πρὸς πάντα μὲν ἀντιλέγειν ἐθέλουσιν οὐκ ἐν δίκῃ, πάντα δὲ ὀνόματα καὶ ῥήματα ἀπορρίπτουσιν οὐδαμῶς κοσμίως, αὑτούς τε ἀπατῶντες καὶ τοὺς ἐχομένους αὐτῶν γοητεύοντες. Ἑβραῖοι μὲν γὰρ σημεῖα αἰτοῦσιν, ᾗ φησιν ὁ ἀπόστολος, Ἕλληνες δὲ σοφίαν ζητοῦσι.

← Form of Scripture They Used