God’s Sabbath is not a tired workman’s rest
Then again, having misheard the words: “And God finished on the sixth day His works which He had made; and He ceased on the seventh day from all His works which He had made. And God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it He ceased from all His works which God had begun to make” (Genesis 2:2–3), and supposing that “He ceased on the seventh day” is the same as “He rested on the seventh day,” he says: “After this, indeed, like a downright bad workman, worn out and in need of idleness to rest.”
For he does not know what the day of the Sabbath and of God’s rest is, the day that comes after the making of the world, a making carried on for as long as the world stands. On that day those who have done all their works in the six days will keep festival together with God (compare Hebrews 4:9–10), those who, because they have left undone nothing of what fell to them, go up to contemplation and to the festal gathering of the righteous and blessed held on that day (compare Hebrews 12:22–23).
Then, as if either the Scriptures said so or we ourselves explained it so concerning God, that He grew weary and rested, he says: “It is not right for the first God to grow weary, nor to work with His hands, nor to give commands.” Celsus, then, says that it is not right for the first God to grow weary. But we would say that neither does God the Word grow weary, nor do any who already belong to the better and more divine order; for growing weary belongs to beings in a body. You may ask whether it belongs to those in a body of any kind whatever, or to those in an earthly body and one a little better than this.
But neither is it right for the first God to work with His hands; and if you take “work with the hands” in its proper sense, neither is it right for the second, nor for any other of the more divine beings. But let “working with the hands” be said loosely or figuratively, so that we may explain also: “The firmament proclaims the work of His hands” (Psalm 19:1), and: “His hands set up the heaven” (compare Isaiah 45:12), and anything said like these, when we take the hands and limbs of God figuratively. What, then, is absurd in God’s working with His hands in this way? And as it is not absurd for God to work with His hands in this way, so neither is it absurd for Him to give commands, so that the things carried out by the one commanded may be good and praiseworthy because the one who gave the command about them is God.
Greek
Εἶτα πάλιν μὴ κατακούσας τοῦ „καὶ συνετέλεσεν ὁ θεὸς ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἕκτῃ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ, ἃ ἐποίησε· καὶ κατέπαυσεν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἔργων αὐτοῦ, ὧν ἐποίησε. καὶ εὐλόγησεν ὁ θεὸς τὴν ἡμέραν τὴν ἑβδόμην καὶ ἡγίασεν αὐτὴν, ὅτι ἐν αὐτῇ κατέπαυσεν ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἔργων αὐτοῦ, ὧν ἤρξατο ὁ θεὸς ποιῆσαι“ καὶ οἰηθεὶς ταὐτὸν εἶναι τὸ „κατέπαυσε τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ“ καὶ τὸ „ἀνεπαύσατο τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ“ φησί· μετὰ τοῦτο μὴν ὥσπερ τις ἀτεχνῶς πονηρὸς χειροτέχνης ἐκκαμὼν καὶ πρὸς ἀνάπαυσιν ἀργίας δεηθείς. οὐδὲ γὰρ οἶδε, τίς ἡ μετὰ τὴν ὅσον ὁ κόσμος συνέστηκεν ἐνεργουμένην κοσμοποιΐαν, ἡ τοῦ σαββάτου καὶ τῆς καταπαύσεως τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμέρα, ἐν ᾗ ἑορτάσουσιν ἅμα τῷ θεῷ οἱ πάντα τὰ ἔργα ἑαυτῶν ταῖς ἓξ ἡμέραις πεποιηκότες καὶ διὰ τὸ μηδὲν παραλελοιπέναι τῶν ἐπιβαλλόντων ἀναβαίνοντες ἐπὶ τὴν θεωρίαν καὶ τὴν ἐν αὐτῇ τῶν δικαίων καὶ μακαρίων πανήγυριν. εἶτα ὡς ἤτοι τῶν γραφῶν οὕτω λεγουσῶν ἢ καὶ ἡμῶν αὐτῶν οὕτως διηγουμένων περὶ θεοῦ, ὅτι καμὼν ἀνεπαύσατο, φησὶν ὅτι οὐ θέμις τὸν πρῶτον θεὸν κάμνειν οὔτε χειρουργεῖν οὔτε κελεύειν. ὁ μὲν οὖν Κέλσος φησὶν ὅτι οὐ θέμις τὸν πρῶτον θεὸν κάμνειν· ἡμεῖς δὲ εἴποιμεν ἂν ὅτι οὐδ᾿ ὁ θεὸς λόγος κάμνει οὐδ᾿ ὅσοι τῆς κρείττονος ἤδη καὶ θειοτέρας τάξεως ἔχονται· τὸ γὰρ κάμνειν ἐστὶ τῶν ἐν σώματι. ζητήσεις δὲ, πότερον ἢ τῶν ἐν οἱῳποτοῦν σώματι ἢ τῶν ἐν τῷ γηΐνῳ καὶ ὀλίγον τούτου βελτίονι. ἀλλ᾿ οὐδὲ θέμις τὸν πρῶτον θεὸν χειρουργεῖν· ἐὰν δὲ κυρίως ἀκούῃς τοῦ χειρουργεῖν, οὐδὲ τὸν δεύτερον οὐδ᾿ ἄλλο τι τῶν θειοτέρων. ἀλλ᾿ ἔστω καταχρηστικῶς λέγεσθαι τὸ χειρουργεῖν ἢ τροπικῶς, ἵνα διηγησώμεθα καὶ τὸ „ποίησιν δὲ χειρῶν αὐτοῦ ἀναγγέλλει τὸ στερέωμα“ καὶ „αἱ χεῖρες αὐτοῦ ἔστησαν τὸν οὐρανὸν“ καὶ εἴ τι τούτοις εἴρηται παραπλησίως, τροπολογούντων ἡμῶν χεῖρας καὶ μέλη τοῦ θεοῦ· τί οὖν ἄτοπον οὕτω χειρουργεῖν θεόν; ὡς οὐκ ἄτοπον δὲ οὕτω χειρουργεῖν θεὸν, οὕτως οὐδὲ τὸ κελεύειν αὐτὸν, ἵνα καλὰ καὶ ἐπαινετὰ ᾖ τὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ κελευομένου ἐπιτελούμενα τῷ θεὸν εἶναι τὸν κεκελευκότα περὶ αὐτῶν.