Against Celsus, Book V · §28 · Origen of Alexandria

Holiness is not a matter of custom

But they will probably say in reply that the man who keeps his ancestral customs is holy, and not unholy in any way for failing to keep the customs of others as well; and again, that the man considered unholy by certain people is not unholy when, following his ancestral customs, he worships what is his own, and makes war on and feasts upon what is revered among those whose laws are the opposite of his.

But see whether this does not reveal great confusion about what is just and holy, and about piety, as though piety had no clear definition, nor any nature of its own that marks out as pious those who act in accordance with it. If, then, piety and holiness and justice belong among relative things, so that the same thing is holy and unholy according to different relations and laws, see whether temperance too will not consequently be relative, and courage, and prudence, and knowledge, and the rest of the virtues; and nothing could be more absurd than that.

Now, for those who take a simpler and more ordinary stand against the words of Celsus set out above, what has been said is enough. But since we think that some readers of a more searching kind will also come upon this writing, let us venture to set out a few of the deeper matters, which hold a certain mystical and secret insight, about the regions of the earth having been allotted from the beginning to different overseers; and let us, as far as we are able, present the teaching clear of the absurdities we have listed.

Greek

Ἀλλ᾿ εἰκὸς ὅτι φήσουσι πρὸς ταῦτα ὅσιον εἶναι τὸν τὰ πάτρια φυλάττοντα καὶ μηδαμῶς ἀνόσιον, ἐπεὶ μὴ (καὶ) τὰ ἑτέρων οὐ τηρεῖ· πάλιν τε αὖ τὸν νομισθέντα ἀνόσιον εἶναι παρὰ τοῖσδέ τισι μὴ εἶναι ἀνόσιον, ὅταν κατὰ τὰ πάτρια τὰ μὲν ἴδια σέβῃ τὰ δὲ παρὰ τοῖς ἐναντίους ἔχουσι νόμους προσπολεμῇ καὶ καταθοινᾶται. ταῦτα δὲ ὅρα εἰ μὴ πολλὴν ἐμφαίνει τὴν περὶ τοῦ δικαίου καὶ ὁσίου καὶ εὐσεβείας ταραχὴν, οὐ διαρθρουμένης οὐδὲ φύσιν τινὰ ἰδίαν ἐχούσης καὶ εὐσεβεῖς εἶναι χαρακτηριζούσης τοὺς τὰ κατ᾿ αὐτὴν πράττοντας. εἴπερ οὖν ἡ εὐσέβεια καὶ ἡ ὁσιότης καὶ ἡ δικαιοσύνη τῶν πρός τι ἐστὶν, ὡς τὸ αὐτὸ εἶναι ὅσιον καὶ ἀνόσιον παρὰ τὰς διαφόρους σχέσεις καὶ τοὺς νόμους, ὅρα εἰ μὴ καὶ ἡ σωφροσύνη τῶν πρός τι ἀκολούθως ἔσται καὶ ἡ ἀνδρεία καὶ ἡ φρόνησις καὶ ἡ ἐπιστήμη καὶ αἱ λοιπαὶ ἀρεταί· ὧν οὐδὲν ἂν εἴη ἀτοπώτερον. ἁπλούστερον μὲν οὖν καὶ κοινότερον ἱσταμένοις πρὸς τὰς Κέλσου ἐκκειμένας λέξεις αὐτάρκη τὰ εἰρημένα· ἐπεὶ δὲ νομίζομεν καὶ τῶν ἐξεταστικωτέρων τινὰς ἐντεύξεσθαι τῇδε τῇ γραφῇ, φέρε ὀλίγα τῶν βαθυτέρων παρακινδυνεύοντες ἐκθώμεθα, ἔχοντά τινα μυστικὴν καὶ ἀπόῤῥητον θεωρίαν, περὶ τοῦ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἄλλα ἄλλοις ἐπόπταις νενεμῆσθαι χωρία τῶν ἐπὶ γῆς· καὶ τῶν κατειλεγμένων ἀτόπων φέρε ὅση δύναμις καθαρὸν παραστήσωμεν τὸν λόγον.

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About this text

Origen answers Celsus’s claim that no God or Son of God has come down to men, shows why Christians worship God alone and not angels or the stars, and defends the hope of the resurrection against the charge that it is “the hope of worms.” He then rejects Celsus’s case that each nation should keep its own ancestral laws, and answers his mockery of the angels at Jesus’ tomb and of the many Christian sects.

Base text: Paul Koetschau's Greek, GCS 2–3 (1899), via the Perseus digital text. All 65 chapters of Book V were translated from the Greek in two passes (a literal gloss with key Greek words, then reading English), and every clause was then checked against the Greek in a separate review. Doubtful readings in the Greek are recorded in the translator's notes.

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Translated from Koetschau GCS 2 – 3 (1899) — Greek (Greek · Book V, chapters 1 – 65)

We have not yet re-checked this work against its source. We made this study translation with AI help. No scholar has yet certified it as faithful and complete. Open Greek on any section to see the source text. It is not a critical edition.

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