Against Celsus, Book V · §21 · Origen of Alexandria

When the stars return to their places

The followers of Pythagoras and Plato too, though they seem to hold that the world is incorruptible, still fall into much the same notions. For they say that when the stars, in certain appointed cycles, take on the same configurations and positions toward one another, all things on earth are in the same state as they were when the world held that same arrangement of the stars. By this argument, then, when after a long cycle the stars come to the same position toward one another as they had in Socrates’ time, Socrates must be born again of the same parents and suffer the same things, accused by Anytus and Meletus and condemned by the council of the Areopagus.

The learned men of the Egyptians who hand down such teachings are held in honour and are not laughed at by Celsus and those like him. But we say that the universe is ordered by God in proportion to the state of what lies in each person’s power, and is always led, as far as is possible, toward what is better; and we know that the nature of what lies in our power admits of whatever it admits, for it cannot hold the utter changelessness of God. Yet we are not thought to say anything worth testing and examining.

Greek

Καὶ οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ Πυθαγόρου δὲ καὶ Πλάτωνος εἰ καὶ δοκοῦσιν ἄφθαρτον τηρεῖν τὸν κόσμον, ἀλλὰ τοῖς παραπλησίοις γε περιπίπτουσι. τῶν γὰρ ἀστέρων κατά τινας περιόδους τεταγμένας τοὺς αὐτοὺς σχηματισμοὺς καὶ σχέσεις πρὸς ἀλλήλους λαμβανόντων, πάντα τὰ ἐπὶ γῆς ὁμοίως ἔχειν φασὶ τοῖς ὅτε τὸ αὐτὸ σχῆμα τῆς σχέσεως τῶν ἀστέρων περιεῖχεν ὁ κόσμος. ἀνάγκη τοίνυν κατὰ τοῦτον τὸν λόγον τῶν ἀστέρων ἐκ μακρᾶς περιόδου ἐλθόντων ἐπὶ τὴν αὐτὴν σχέσιν πρὸς ἀλλήλους, ὁποίαν εἶχον ἐπὶ Σωκράτους, πάλιν Σωκράτη γενέσθαι ἐκ τῶν αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ αὐτὰ παθεῖν, κατηγορούμενον ὑπὸ Ἀνύτου καὶ Μελήτου καὶ καταδικαζόμενον ὑπὸ τῆς ἐξ Ἀρείου πάγου βουλῆς. καὶ Αἰγυπτίων δὲ οἱ λόγιοι τοιαῦτα παραδιδόντες σεμνοί εἰσι καὶ οὐ γελῶνται ὑπὸ Κέλσου καὶ τῶν παραπλησίων, ἡμεῖς δὲ κατὰ τὴν ἀναλογίαν τῆς σχέσεως τῶν ἐφ᾿ ἡμῖν ἑκάστου οἰκονομεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ λέγοντες τὸ πᾶν καὶ ἀεὶ ἄγεσθαι κατὰ τὸ ἐνδεχόμενον ἐπὶ τὸ βέλτιον καὶ τὴν τοῦ ἐφ᾿ ἡμῖν φύσιν γινώσκοντες ἐνδεχομένου ἃ ἐνδέχεται (οὐ γὰρ δύναται χωρῆσαι τὸ πάντῃ ἄτρεπτον τοῦ θεοῦ) οὐ δοκοῦμεν ἄξια λέγειν βασάνου καὶ ἐξετάσεως:

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About this text

Origen answers Celsus’s claim that no God or Son of God has come down to men, shows why Christians worship God alone and not angels or the stars, and defends the hope of the resurrection against the charge that it is “the hope of worms.” He then rejects Celsus’s case that each nation should keep its own ancestral laws, and answers his mockery of the angels at Jesus’ tomb and of the many Christian sects.

Base text: Paul Koetschau's Greek, GCS 2–3 (1899), via the Perseus digital text. All 65 chapters of Book V were translated from the Greek in two passes (a literal gloss with key Greek words, then reading English), and every clause was then checked against the Greek in a separate review. Doubtful readings in the Greek are recorded in the translator's notes.

Printed text used

Translated from Koetschau GCS 2 – 3 (1899) — Greek (Greek · Book V, chapters 1 – 65)

We have not yet re-checked this work against its source. We made this study translation with AI help. No scholar has yet certified it as faithful and complete. Open Greek on any section to see the source text. It is not a critical edition.

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