Against Celsus, Book V · §17 · Origen of Alexandria

Paul counts himself among the living

Next, having misunderstood either the sacred writings or those who have not understood the sacred writings, he says that we teach that at the time of the cleansing that will be brought upon the world through fire, we alone will survive, “not only those then living but also those who died long ago.” He did not grasp that it was with a certain secret wisdom that the apostle of Jesus said: “We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet; for the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed” (1 Corinthians 15:51–52). He ought to have considered what the speaker had in mind when, as one by no means dead, he set himself and those like him apart from the dead, and after “and the dead will be raised incorruptible” said: “and we shall be changed.”

To confirm that the apostle had some such meaning when he wrote the words I have quoted from the First Letter to the Corinthians, I will quote also the words from the First Letter to the Thessalonians, where Paul, as one living and awake and other than those who have fallen asleep, says this: “For this we say to you by the word of the Lord, that we who are living, who are left until the coming of the Lord, will by no means go before those who have fallen asleep; for the Lord himself will come down from heaven with a word of command, with the voice of an archangel and with the trumpet of God” (1 Thessalonians 4:15–16). Then again, right after this, knowing that the dead in Christ are others than himself and those like him, he goes on to say: “The dead in Christ will rise first; then we who are living, who are left, will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air” (1 Thessalonians 4:16–17).

Greek

Εἶτα τούτοις ἑξῆς παρακούσας ἤτοι τῶν ἱερῶν γραμμάτων ἢ τῶν μὴ νενοηκότων τὰ ἱερὰ γράμματά φησιν ὑφ᾿ ἡμῶν λέγεσθαι μόνους διαμενεῖν κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τοῦ ἐπαχθησομένου τῷ κόσμῳ διὰ πυρὸς καθαρσίου οὐ μόνον τοὺς ζῶντας τότε ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς πάλαι ποτὲ ἀποθανόντας· οὐχ ὑπολαβὼν μετά τινος ἀποῤῥήτου σοφίας λελέχθαι παρὰ τῷ ἀποστόλῳ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ τό· „οὐ πάντες κοιμηθησόμεθα, πάντες δὲ ἀλλαγησόμεθα ἐν ἀτόμῳ, ἐν ῥιπῇ ὀφθαλμοῦ, ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ σάλπιγγι· σαλπίσει γὰρ, καὶ οἱ νεκροὶ ἐγερθήσονται ἄφθαρτοι, καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀλλαγησόμεθα.“ ἐχρῆν δ᾿ αὐτὸν ἐπιστῆσαι, τί νοήσας ὁ λέγων ταῦτα ὡς οὐδαμῶς νεκρὸς χωρίσας ἑαυτὸν ἀπ᾿ ἐκείνων καὶ τοὺς παραπλησίους ἑαυτῷ ἔλεγε μετὰ τὸ „καὶ οἱ νεκροὶ ἐγερθήσονται ἄφθαρτοι“· „καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀλλαγησόμεθα.“ εἰς δὲ βεβαίωσιν τοῦ τοιαῦτά τινα νενοηκότα τὸν ἀπόστολον γεγραφέναι. ἃ παρεθέμην ἐκ τῆς πρὸς Κορινθίους προτέρας, παραθήσομαι καὶ τὰ ἐκ τῆς πρὸς Θεσσαλονικεῖς προτέρας, ἐν ᾗ φησιν ὁ Παῦλος ὡς ζῶν καὶ ἐγρηγορὼς καὶ ἕτερος ὢν τῶν κοιμηθέντων τοιαῦτα· „τοῦτο γὰρ ὑμῖν λέγομεν ἐν λόγῳ κυρίου, ὅτι ἡμεῖς οἱ ζῶντες οἱ περιλειπόμενοι εἰς τὴν παρουσίαν τοῦ κυρίου οὐ μὴ φθάσωμεν τοὺς κοιμηθέντας, ὅτι αὐτὸς ὁ κύριος ἐν κελεύσματι, ἐν φωνῇ ἀρχαγγέλου καὶ ἐν σάλπιγγι θεοῦ καταβήσεται ἀπ᾿ οὐρανοῦ.“ εἶτα πάλιν ἑξῆς τούτοις ἄλλους ἐπιστάμενος τοὺς ἐν Χριστῷ νεκροὺς παρ᾿ ἑαυτὸν καὶ τοὺς παραπλησίους αὐτῷ ἐπιφέρει λέγων· „οἱ νεκροὶ ἐν Χριστῷ ἀναστήσονται πρῶτον, ἔπειτα ἡμεῖς οἱ ζῶντες οἱ περιλειπόμενοι ἅμα σὺν αὐτοῖς ἁρπαγησόμεθα ἐν νεφέλαις εἰς ἀπάντησιν τοῦ κυρίου εἰς ἀέρα.“

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About this text

Origen answers Celsus’s claim that no God or Son of God has come down to men, shows why Christians worship God alone and not angels or the stars, and defends the hope of the resurrection against the charge that it is “the hope of worms.” He then rejects Celsus’s case that each nation should keep its own ancestral laws, and answers his mockery of the angels at Jesus’ tomb and of the many Christian sects.

Base text: Paul Koetschau's Greek, GCS 2–3 (1899), via the Perseus digital text. All 65 chapters of Book V were translated from the Greek in two passes (a literal gloss with key Greek words, then reading English), and every clause was then checked against the Greek in a separate review. Doubtful readings in the Greek are recorded in the translator's notes.

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Translated from Koetschau GCS 2 – 3 (1899) — Greek (Greek · Book V, chapters 1 – 65)

We have not yet re-checked this work against its source. We made this study translation with AI help. No scholar has yet certified it as faithful and complete. Open Greek on any section to see the source text. It is not a critical edition.

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