Against Celsus, Book IV · §80 · Origen of Alexandria

God watched over the first men

The divine account in Moses, too, shows the first men hearing a more divine voice and oracles (Genesis 3:8), and sometimes seeing visits made to them by angels of God (Genesis 18:1–2; 19:1). For it is likely that at the beginning of the world human nature was given more help, until, having made progress in understanding and the other virtues and in the discovery of the arts, men could live on their own as well, without always needing those who serve the will of God to guard and manage them through wondrous appearances.

It follows from this that it is false to say that at the beginning men were carried off and eaten by wild beasts, while wild beasts were very seldom caught by men. From this, then, it is clear that what Celsus says in these words is also false: “So in this respect, at least, it was rather men that God made subject to the beasts.” For God did not make men subject to the beasts. Rather, he granted that the beasts should be caught by human understanding and by the arts against them that arise from understanding. For it was not without God that men contrived for themselves safety from the beasts and mastery over them.

Greek

Καὶ ὁ θεῖος δὲ κατὰ Μωϋσέα λόγος εἰσήγαγε τοὺς πρώτους ἀκούοντας θειοτέρας φωνῆς καὶ χρησμῶν καὶ ὁρῶντας ἔσθ᾿ ὅτε ἀγγέλων θεοῦ ἐπιδημίας γεγενημένας πρὸς αὐτούς. καὶ γὰρ εἰκὸς ἐν ἀρχῇ τοῦ κόσμου ἐπὶ πλεῖον βεβοηθῆσθαι τὴν ἀνθρώπων φύσιν· ἕως προκοπῆς γενομένης εἰς σύνεσιν καὶ τὰς λοιπὰς ἀρετὰς καὶ τὴν εὕρεσιν τῶν τεχνῶν δυνηθῶσι καὶ καθ᾿ ἑαυτοὺς ζῆν, οὐ χρῄζοντες ἀεὶ ἐπιτροπευόντων καὶ οἰκονομούντων αὐτοὺς μετὰ παραδόξου ἐπιφανείας τῶν ὑπηρετουμένων τῷ τοῦ θεοῦ βουλήματι. ἀκόλουθον δὲ τούτοις τὸ ψεῦδος εἶναι ὅτι κατ᾿ ἀρχὰς ἄνθρωποι μὲν ὑπὸ θηρίων ἡρπάζοντο καὶ ἠσθίοντο, θηρία δ᾿ ὑπ᾿ ἀνθρώπων ἥκιστα ἡλίσκετο. ἐκ δὴ τούτων φανερὸν ὅτι ψεῦδος καὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τοῦ Κέλσου οὕτως λεγόμενον· ὥστε ταύτῃ γε ὁ θεὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους μᾶλλον τοῖς θηρίοις ὑπέβαλεν. οὐ γὰρ ὑπέβαλε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τοῖς θηρίοις ὁ θεὸς, ἀλλὰ τῇ συνέσει τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἁλωτὰ δέδωκεν εἶναι τὰ θηρία καὶ ταῖς ἀπὸ συνέσεως ὑφισταμέναις κατ᾿ ἐκείνων τέχναις. οὐ γὰρ ἀθεεὶ ἐμηχανήσαντο σφίσιν αὐτοῖς οἱ ἄνθρωποι σωτηρίαν ἀπὸ τῶν θηρίων καὶ τὴν κατ᾿ ἐκείνων ἐπικράτειαν.

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About this text

Origen answers Celsus’s scorn for the belief that God or his Son comes down to the world, showing that the Word comes down without change and that God’s threats and punishments are a cure, not a fit of temper. He then defends the stories of Genesis and the patriarchs, read in their deeper sense, against the charge that they are silly tales, and rejects Celsus’s claim that the world was made no more for man than for the animals, which Celsus thought nearer to God than men.

Translated from the Greek of Koetschau, GCS 2–3 (1899), via the Perseus digital text, which serves as the base text. Each chapter was translated from the Greek and then checked clause by clause against it in a separate review. No earlier English translation was consulted.

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Translated from Koetschau GCS 2 – 3 (1899) — Greek (Greek · Book IV, chapters 1 – 99)

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