The Word becomes food fitted to each
By lingering over things he has not understood, Celsus makes us repeat ourselves, since we do not wish even to seem to have left any of his statements unexamined. He says next: “Either God really changes, as these people say, into a mortal body, and it has already been said that he cannot; or he himself does not change, but makes those who see him think he has, and leads them astray and lies. But deceit and falsehood are evils in every other case; one might use them only as a kind of medicine, either toward friends who are sick or mad, to heal them, or toward enemies, when one is taking care to escape danger. But no one who is sick or mad is a friend of God, nor does God fear anyone, that he should lead him astray to escape danger.”
To this one may answer partly concerning the nature of the divine Word, who is God, and partly concerning the soul of Jesus. Concerning the nature of the Word: just as the quality of foods is changed into milk in the nurse to suit the nature of the infant, or is prepared by the physician to meet the sick man’s need for health, or is made ready accordingly for the stronger man, since he is more able to take it; so God changes the power of the Word, whose nature is to nourish the human soul, for each person according to his worth. To one, as Scripture has named it, he becomes “the pure milk of the word” (1 Peter 2:2); to another, who is weaker, something like vegetables (Romans 14:2); to another, who is mature, he is given as “solid food” (Hebrews 5:14). And surely the Word does not belie his own nature when he becomes nourishment for each, as each is able to receive him; he neither leads astray nor lies.
But if someone takes the change to refer to the soul of Jesus, when it came into a body, we shall ask what he means by “change”. If he means change of essence, that is not granted, either for that soul or for any other rational soul. But if he means that, being mingled with the body, it suffers something from the body and from the place into which it has come, what absurdity follows for the teaching that, out of great love for mankind, brings a Saviour down to the human race? For none of those who earlier professed to heal could do as much as this soul showed by what it did, even coming down willingly, for the sake of our race, into the ills that are the lot of men.
Knowing this, the divine word says much in many places of the Scriptures. For the present it is enough to set out one passage of Paul, which runs thus: “Have this mind among you which was also in Christ Jesus, who, though he was in the form of God, did not count being equal with God a prize to be seized, but emptied himself, taking the form of a slave; and being found in appearance as a man, he humbled himself, becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross. Therefore God also highly exalted him and granted him a name that is above every name” (Philippians 2:5-9).
Greek
Προσδιατρίβων δ᾿ ὁ Κέλσος οἷς οὐ νενόηκεν αἴτιος ἡμῖν γίνεται ταυτολογίας, οὐ βουλομένοις κἂν τῷ δοκεῖν ἀβασάνιστον τῶν ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ λελεγμένων τι καταλελοιπέναι, φησὶν οὖν ἑξῆς ὅτι ἤτοι ὡς ἀληθῶς μεταβάλλει ὁ θεὸς, ὥσπερ οὗτοί φασιν, εἰς σῶμα θνητὸν, καὶ προείρηται ὅτι ἀδυνατεῖ· ἢ αὐτὸς μὲν οὐ μεταβάλλει, ποιεῖ δὲ τοὺς ὁρῶντας δοκεῖν καὶ πλανᾷ καὶ ψεύδεται, ἀπάτη δὲ καὶ ψεῦδος ἄλλως μὲν κακὰ, μόνως δ᾿ ἄν ὡς ἐν φαρμάκου μοίρᾳ χρῷτό τις ἤτοι πρὸς φίλους νοσοῦντας καὶ μεμηνότας, ἰώμενος, ἢ πρὸς ἐχθροὺς, κίνδυνον ἐκφυγεῖν προμηθούμενος, οὔτε δὲ νοσῶν ἢ μεμηνὼς οὐδεὶς θεῷ φίλος, οὔτε φοβεῖταί τινα ὁ θεὸς, ἵνα πλανήσας κίνδυνον διαφύγῃ, καὶ πρὸς τοῦτο λέγοιτ᾿ ἂν πῇ μὲν περὶ τῆς τοῦ θείου λόγου φύσεως, ὄντος θεοῦ, πῇ δὲ περὶ τῆς Ἰησοῦ ψυχῆς· περὶ μὲν οὖν τῆς τοῦ λόγου φύσεως ὅτι, ὥσπερ ἡ τῶν τροφῶν ποιότης πρὸς τὴν τοῦ νηπίου φύσιν εἰς γάλα μεταβάλλει ἐν τῇ τρεφούσῃ, ἢ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἰατροῦ κατασκευάζεται πρὸς τὸ τῆς ὑγείας χρειῶδες τῷ κάμνοντι, ἢ τῷ ἰσχυροτέρῳ ὡς δυνατωτέρῳ οὑτωσὶ εὐτρεπίζεται· οὕτως τὴν τοῦ πεφυκότος (τρέφειν) ἀνθρωπίνην ψυχὴν λόγου δύναμιν ὁ θεὸς τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἑκάστῳ κατ᾿ ἀξίαν μεταβάλλει, καὶ τινὶ μὲν, ὡς ὠνόμασεν ἡ γραφὴ, „λογικὸν ἄδολον γάλα“ γίνεται, τινὶ δὲ ὡς ἀσθενεστέρῳ οἱονεὶ λάχανον, τινὶ δὲ τελείῳ „στερεὰ τροφὴ“ παραδίδοται, καὶ οὐ δή που ψεύδεται τὴν ἑαυτοῦ φύσιν ὁ λόγος, ἑκάστῳ τρόφιμος γινόμενος, ὡς χωρεῖ αὐτὸν παραδέξασθαι, καὶ οὐ πλανᾷ οὐδὲ ψεύδεται. εἰ δ᾿ ἐπὶ τῆς Ἰησοῦ ψυχῆς λαμβάνει τις τὴν μεταβολὴν, αὐτῆς εἰς σῶμα ἐλθούσης, πευσόμεθα, πῶς λέγει μεταβολήν. εἰ μὲν γὰρ τῆς οὐσίας, οὐ δίδοται οὐ μόνον ἐπ᾿ ἐκείνης ἀλλ᾿ οὐδὲ περὶ ἄλλου λογικῆς ψυχῆς· εἰ δ᾿ ὅτι πάσχει τι ὑπὸ τοῦ σώματος ἀνακεκραμένη αὐτῷ καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ τόπου, εἰς ὃν ἐλήλυθε, καὶ τί ἄτοπον ἀπαντᾷ τῷ λόγῳ, ἀπὸ πολλῆς φιλανθρωπίας καταβιβάζοντι σωτῆρα τῷ γένει τῶν ἀνθρώπων; ἐπεὶ μηδεὶς τῶν πρότερον θεραπεύειν ἐπαγγειλαμένων τοσοῦτον ἐδύνατο, ὅσον αὐτὴ ἐπεδείξατο δι᾿ ὧν πεποίηκε, καὶ ἑκουσίως εἰς τὰς ἀνθρωπίνας κῆρας ὑπὲρ τοῦ γένους ἡμῶν καταβᾶσα. ταῦτα δ᾿ ἐπιστάμενος ὁ θεῖος λόγος πολλὰ πολλαχοῦ λέγει τῶν γραφῶν. ἀρκεῖ δ᾿ ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος μίαν παραθέσθαι Παύλου λέξιν οὕτως ἔχουσαν· „τοῦτο φρονείσθω ἐν ὑμῖν, ὃ καὶ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ὃς ἐν μορφῇ θεοῦ ὑπάρχων οὐχ ἁρπαγμὸν ἡγήσατο τὸ εἶναι ἴσα θεῷ, ἀλλ᾿ ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσε μορφὴν δούλου λαβὼν,“ „καὶ σχήματι εὑρεθεὶς ὡς ἄνθρωπος ἐταπείνωσεν ἑαυτὸν, γενόμενος ὑπήκοος μέχρι θανάτου, θανάτου δὲ σταυροῦ. διὸ καὶ ὁ θεὸς αὐτὸν ὑπερύψωσε καὶ ἐχαρίσατο αὐτῷ ὄνομα τὸ ὑπὲρ πᾶν ὄνομα.“