Against Celsus, Book II · §61 · Origen of Alexandria

Thomas and the marks of the nails

So, as Celsus thinks, Jesus too after death was sending out an appearance of the wounds he received on the cross, and was not truly wounded in that way. But as the Gospel teaches (Celsus believes some parts of it, the ones he wishes, so that he may accuse, and disbelieves others), Jesus called to himself one of the disciples who disbelieved and thought the wonder impossible. For that disciple had agreed with the woman who said she had seen him, on the view that it is not impossible for the soul of one who has died to be seen; but he did not go on to think it true that he had been raised in a solid body. That is why he said: “Unless I see,” “I will not believe”; and he added: “Unless I put my hand into the mark of the nails and touch his side, I will not believe” (John 20:25).

Thomas said these things because he judged that the body of a soul can appear to physical eyes, the soul being “in all things” like its former form, “in stature and fair eyes and voice,” and often “wearing such clothes about its skin” (Homer, Iliad 23.66–67). And Jesus, calling Thomas to him, said: “Bring your finger here and see my hands; and bring your hand and put it into my side; and do not be unbelieving, but believing” (John 20:27).

Greek

Ἦν οὖν καὶ ὁ Ἰησοῦς μετὰ θάνατον, ὡς μὲν ὁ Κέλσος οἴεται. φαντασίαν ἐξαποστέλλων τῶν ἐπὶ τῷ σταυρῷ τραυμάτων καὶ οὐκ ἀληθῶς τοιοῦτος ὢν τραυματίας· ὡς δὲ τὸ εὐαγγέλιον διδάσκει. οὗ τισὶ μὲν μέρεσιν. οἷς βούλεται. ἵνα κατηγορῇ. πιστεύει ὁ Κέλσος. τισὶ δ᾿ ἀπιστεῖ. ὁ Ἰησοῦς προσεκαλέσατό τινα τῶν μαθητῶν ἀπιστοῦντα καὶ ἀδύνατον οἰόμενον τὸ παράδοξον. συγκατετέθειτο μὲν γὰρ ἐκεῖνος τῇ φασκούσῃ αὐτὸν ἑωρακέναι, ὡς οὐκ ἀδυνάτου ὄντος τοῦ τὴν ψυχὴν τοῦ τεθνηκότος ὀφθῆναι. οὐκέτι δ᾿ ἐνόμιζεν ἀληθὲς εἶναι τὸ ἐν σώματι αὐτὸν ἀντιτύπῳ ἐγηγέρθαι. ὅθεν εἶπε μέν· „ἐὰν μὴ ἴδω,“ „οὐ μὴ πιστεύσω,“ προσέθηκε δὲ καὶ τό· „ἐὰν μὴ βάλω τὴν χεῖρά μου εἰς τὸν τύπον τῶν ἥλων καὶ ψηλαφήσω αὐτοῦ τὴν πλευρὰν, οὐ μὴ πιστεύσω.“ ταῦτα δ᾿ ἐλέγετο ὑπὸ τοῦ Θωμᾶ, κρίνοντος ὅτι δύναται ὀφθαλμοῖς αἰσθητοῖς φανῆναι ψυχῆς σῶμα. „πάντα“ τῷ προτέρῳ εἴδει „μέγεθός τε καὶ ὄμματα κάλ᾿ ἐϊκυίης καὶ φωνὴν“ πολλάκις δὲ „καὶ τοῖα περὶ χροῒ εἵματ᾿ ἐχούσης.“ καὶ προσκαλεσάμενός γε ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὸν Θωμᾶν εἶπε· „φέρε τὸν δάκτυλόν σου ὧδε καὶ ἴδε τὰς χεῖράς μου. καὶ φέρε τὴν χεῖρά σου καὶ βάλε εἰς τὴν πλευράν μου, καὶ μὴ γίνου ἄπιστος ἀλλὰ πιστός.“

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About this text

Origen answers the Jew whom Celsus brings on stage to speak against the Jews who believe in Jesus, and shows that they have not left the law of their fathers. He goes on to defend Jesus’ foreknowledge of his betrayal, the reality of his suffering and death, and his resurrection, and argues that no mere man could have won so much of the world.

Base text: Koetschau, GCS 2–3 (1899), via the Perseus digital text. The English is a fresh translation from that Greek, chapter by chapter (2.1–79), with an independent clause-by-clause review against the Greek. Crombie and Chadwick were not used.

Printed text used

Translated from Koetschau GCS 2 – 3 (1899) — Greek (Greek · Book II, chapters 1 – 79)

We have not yet re-checked this work against its source. We made this study translation with AI help. No scholar has yet certified it as faithful and complete. Open Greek on any section to see the source text. It is not a critical edition.

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