Faith for those who cannot study
After this he urges people to accept doctrines by following reason and a rational guide, since anyone who assents to anything in another way is sure to be deceived. He likens those who believe without reason to the begging priests of the Great Mother and to readers of portents, to the devotees of Mithras and of Sabazius, and to whatever one happens to meet: the apparitions of Hecate, or of some other female spirit, or of spirits. For just as among these, wicked men often take advantage of the ignorance of the gullible and lead them wherever they wish, so, he says, it happens among the Christians too. He says that some, who are not even willing to give or to receive an account of what they believe, use the sayings “Do not examine, but believe” and “Your faith will save you” (Mark 5:34; Luke 7:50). And he says that they say: “Wisdom in the world is an evil thing, and foolishness a good one” (1 Corinthians 3:18–19).
To this we must reply that if it were possible for everyone to leave the business of life and devote themselves to philosophy, no one should follow any other way than this alone. For in Christianity there will be found, to say nothing more boastful, no less examination of what is believed, and explanation of the riddles in the prophets, of the parables in the Gospels, and of countless other things that happened or were laid down in the law as symbols. But if this is impossible, partly because of the necessities of life and partly because of human weakness, since very few press eagerly toward rational study, what better method of helping the many could be found than the one handed down to the nations by Jesus?
And we ask, concerning the multitude of believers who have put away the great flood of wickedness in which they once wallowed: is it better for them, believing without reason, to have had their ways somehow restrained, and to have been helped by their belief that people are punished for sins and honoured for good works? Or is it better to refuse their conversion on bare faith until they give themselves to the examination of arguments? For plainly all of them, apart from a very few, will not receive even what they have received from believing simply, but will remain in a most wicked life.
If, then, anything else serves to prove that the Word’s love for humankind has come into human life not without God, this too must be counted with those proofs. For a devout person will not suppose that even a physician of bodies, who has brought many of the sick to better health, visits cities and nations without God; for nothing good comes about among human beings without God. And if one who has healed the bodies of many, or brought them to better health, does not heal without God, how much more is this true of one who has healed, converted and bettered the souls of many, who has made them depend on God who is over all, and has taught them to refer every action to what pleases him and to shun everything displeasing to God, down to the least of the things said or done, or even entering the mind?
Greek
Μετὰ ταῦτα προτρέπει ἐπὶ τὸ λόγῳ ἀκολουθοῦντας καὶ λογικῷ ὁδηγῷ παραδέχεσθαι δόγματα, ὡς πάντως ἀπάτης γινομένης τῷ μὴ οὕτω συγκατατιθεμένῳ τισί· καὶ ἐξομοιοῖ τοὺς ἀλόγως πιστεύοντας μητραγύρταις καὶ τερατοσκόποις, Μίθραις τε καὶ Σαβαδίοις. καὶ ὅτῳ τις προσέτυχεν, Ἑκάτης ἢ ἄλλης δαίμονος ἢ δαιμόνων φάσμασιν. ὡς γὰρ ἐν ἐκείνοις πολλάκις μοχθηροὶ ἄνθρωποι ἐπιβαίνοντες τῇ ἰδιωτείᾳ τῶν εὐεξαπατήτων ἄγουσιν αὐτοὺς ᾗ βούλονται, οὕτως φησὶ καὶ ἐν τοῖς Χριστιανοῖς γίνεσθαι. φησὶ δέ τινας μηδὲ βουλομένους διδόναι ἢ λαμβάνειν λόγον περὶ ὧν πιστεύουσι χρῆσθαι τῷ „μὴ ἐξέταζε ἀλλὰ πίστευσον“ καὶ „ἡ πίστις σου σώσει σε.“ καί φησιν αὐτοὺς λέγειν· „κακὸν ἡ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ σοφία ἀγαθὸν δ᾿ ἡ μωρία.“ λεκτέον δὲ πρὸς τοῦτο ὅτι εἰ μὲν οἷόν τε πάντας καταλιπόντας τὰ τοῦ βίου πράγματα σχολάζειν τῷ φιλοσοφεῖν, ἄλλην ὁδὸν οὐ μεταδιωκτέον οὐδενὶ ἢ ταύτην μόνην. εὑρεθήσεται γὰρ ἐν τῷ χριστιανισμῷ οὐκ ἐλάττων, ἵνα μὴ φορτικόν τι εἴπω, ἐξέτασις τῶν πεπιστευμένων καὶ διήγησις τῶν ἐν τοῖς προφήταις αἰνιγμάτων καὶ τῶν ἐν τοῖς εὐαγγελίοις παραβολῶν καὶ ἄλλων μυρίων συμβολικῶς γεγενημένων ἢ νενομοθετημένων. εἰ δὲ τοῦτ᾿ ἀμήχανον πῇ μὲν διὰ τὰς τοῦ βίου ἀνάγκας πῇ δὲ καὶ διὰ τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀσθένειαν, σφόδρα ὀλίγων ἐπὶ τὸν λόγον ᾀττόντων, ποία ἂν ἄλλη βελτίων μέθοδος πρὸς τὸ τοῖς πολλοῖς βοηθῆσαι εὑρεθείη τῆς ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῖς ἔθνεσι παραδοθείσης; καὶ πυνθανόμεθά γε περὶ τοῦ πλήθους τῶν πιστευόντων, τὴν πολλὴν χύσιν τῆς κακίας ἀποθεμένων, ἐν ᾗ πρότερον ἐκαλινδοῦντο· πότερον βέλτιόν ἐστιν αὐτοῖς ἀλόγως πιστεύουσι κατεστάλθαι πως τὰ ἤθη καὶ ὠφελῆσθαι διὰ τὴν περὶ τῶν κολαζομένων ἐπὶ ἁμαρτίαις καὶ τιμωμένων ἐπὶ ἔργοις χρηστοῖς πίστιν, ἢ μὴ προσίεσθαι αὐτῶν τὴν ἐπιστροφὴν μετὰ ψιλῆς πίστεως, ἕως ἂν ἐπιδῶσιν ἑαυτοὺς ἐξετάσει λόγων; φανερῶς γὰρ οἱ πάντες παρ᾿ ἐλαχίστους οὐδὲ τοῦτο λήψονται, ὅπερ εἰλήφασιν ἐκ τοῦ ἁπλῶς πεπιστευκέναι, ἀλλὰ μενοῦσιν ἐν κακίστῳ βίῳ. εἴπερ οὖν ἄλλο τι κατασκευαστικόν ἐστι τοῦ τὸ φιλάνθρωπον τοῦ λόγου οὐκ ἀθεεὶ τῷ βίῳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐπιδεδημηκέναι, καὶ τοῦτ᾿ αὐτοῖς συγκαταριθμητέον. ὁ γὰρ εὐλαβὴς οὐδὲ σωμάτων ἰατρὸν, πολλοὺς ἐπὶ τὸ βέλτιον νοσοῦντας ἀγαγόντα, οἰήσεται ἀθεεὶ πόλεσι καὶ ἔθνεσιν ἐπιδημεῖν· οὐδὲν γὰρ χρηστὸν ἐν ἀνθρώποις ἀθεεὶ γίνεται. εἰ δὲ ὁ πολλῶν σώματα θεραπεύσας ἢ ἐπὶ τὸ βέλτιον προαγαγὼν οὐκ ἀθεεὶ θεραπεύει, πόσῳ πλέον ὁ πολλῶν ψυχὰς θεραπεύσας καὶ ἐπιστρέψας καὶ βελτιώσας, καὶ ἀναρτήσας αὐτὰς θεοῦ τοῦ ἐπὶ πᾶσι καὶ διδάξας πᾶσαν πρᾶξιν ἀναφέρειν ἐπὶ τὴν ἐκείνου ἀρέσκειαν καὶ πάντ᾿ ἐκκλίνειν, ὅσ᾿ ἀπάρεστά εἰσι θεῷ, μέχρι τοῦ ἐλαχίστου τῶν λεγομένων ἢ πραττομένων ἢ καὶ εἰς ἐνθύμησιν ἐρχομένων;