The magi, the demons, and the star
To the Greeks, then, we would say this. Magi, who have dealings with demons and summon them for the purposes they have learned and desire, achieve such things only so long as nothing more divine and more powerful than the demons and the incantation that summons them appears or is spoken. But if some more divine manifestation takes place, the workings of the demons are overthrown, since they cannot face the light of the Godhead. It is likely, then, that at the birth of Jesus too, since “a multitude of the heavenly host,” as Luke recorded and as I believe, praised God and said, “Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, goodwill among men” (Luke 2:13–14), the demons for this reason lost their strength and grew weak. Their sorcery was exposed and their working undone; they were overthrown not only by the angels who visited the region around the earth because of the birth of Jesus, but also by the soul of Jesus and the Godhead in him.
So the magi, wishing to do what they were used to doing, which they had formerly done by certain incantations and tricks, looked for the cause, judging that it must be a great one; and seeing a sign from God in the sky, they wanted to see what it signified. It seems to me, then, that they had the prophecies of Balaam, which Moses also recorded, since Balaam himself had been skilled in such arts. There they found what is said about the star, and the words, “I will show him, but not now; I call him blessed, but he will not draw near” (Numbers 24:17). From this they guessed that the man foretold together with the star had come into the world; and having concluded beforehand that he was stronger than all the demons and than the beings that usually appeared to them and worked for them, they wished “to worship” him (Matthew 2:2).
They came, then, to Judea, convinced that some “king” had been born (Matthew 2:2), or knowing where he would be born, but not understanding over what kind of kingdom he would reign. They brought “gifts,” and these they “offered” to one who was, if I may call him so, a kind of compound of God and mortal man: gold as a symbol for a king, myrrh as for one who would die, and frankincense as for God (Matthew 2:11). And they “offered” them after they had learned the place of his birth (Matthew 2:9–11). But since the Saviour of the human race, who exists above the angels who help human beings, was God, an angel repaid the magi for their reverence in worshipping Jesus: he warned them not to go to Herod but to return to their own country by another way (Matthew 2:12).
Greek
Πρὸς μὲν οὖν Ἕλληνας, ὅτι μάγοι δαίμοσιν ὁμιλοῦντες καὶ τούτους ἐφ᾿ ἃ μεμαθήκασι καὶ βούλονται καλοῦντες ποιοῦσι μὲν τὸ τοιοῦτον, ὅσον οὐδὲν θειότερον καὶ ἰσχυρότερον τῶν δαιμόνων καὶ τῆς καλούσης αὐτοὺς ἐπῳδῆς ἐπιφαίνεται ἢ λέγεται· ἐὰν δὲ θειοτέρα τις ἐπιφάνεια γένηται, καθαιροῦνται αἱ τῶν δαιμόνων ἐνέργειαι, μὴ δυνάμεναι ἀντιβλέψαι τῷ τῆς θειότητος φωτί. εἰκὸς οὖν καὶ κατὰ τὴν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ γένεσιν, ἐπεὶ „πλῆθος στρατιᾶς οὐρανίου,“ ὡς ὁ Λουκᾶς ἀνέγραψε κἀγὼ πείθομαι, ᾔνεσε τὸν θεὸν καὶ ἔλεγε· „δόξα ἐν ὑψίστοις θεῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς εἰρήνη, ἐν ἀνθρώποις εὐδοκία,“ διὰ τοῦτο οἱ δαίμονες ἠτόνησαν καὶ ἐξησθένησαν, ἐλεγχθείσης αὐτῶν τῆς γοητείας καὶ καταλυθείσης τῆς ἐνεργείας, οὐ μόνον ὑπὸ τῶν ἐπιδημησάντων τῷ περιγείῳ τόπῳ ἀγγέλων διὰ τὴν Ἰησοῦ γένεσιν καθαιρεθέντες ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὸ τῆς ψυχῆς τοῦ Ἰησοῦ καὶ τῆς ἐν αὐτῷ θειότητος. οἱ τοίνυν μάγοι τὰ συνήθη πράττειν θέλοντες, ἅπερ πρότερον διά τινων ἐπῳδῶν καὶ μαγγανειῶν ἐποίουν, ἐζήτησαν τὴν αἰτίαν, μεγάλην αὐτὴν εἶναι τεκμαιρόμενοι, καὶ ἰδόντες θεοσημίαν ἐν οὐρανῷ ἐβούλοντο τὸ σημαινόμενον ἀπ᾿ αὐτῆς ἰδεῖν. δοκεῖ μοι οὖν ὅτι ἔχοντες τοῦ Βαλαὰμ ἃς καὶ Μω(??)σῆς ἀνέγραψε προφητείας, ὡς καὶ αὐτοῦ περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα γενομένου δεινοῦ, καὶ εὑρόντες ἐκεῖ περὶ τοῦ ἄστρου καὶ τὸ „δείξω αὐτῷ. καὶ οὐχὶ νῦν· μακαρίζω, καὶ οὐκ ἐγγιεῖ“ ἐστοχάσαντο τὸν μετὰ τοῦ ἄστρου προφητεύομενον ἄνθρωπον ἐπιδεδημηκέναι τῷ βίῳ, καὶ ὡς πάντων δαιμόνων καὶ τῶν ἐν ἔθει αὐτοῖς φανταζομένων καὶ ἐνεργούντων κρείττονα προλαβόντες „προσκυνῆσαι“ ἠθέλησαν. ἧκον οὖν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἰουδαίαν, ὅτι μὲν „βασιλεύς“ τις γεγέννηται πειθόμενοι ἢ ποῦ γεννηθήσεται γινώσκοντες, τίνα δὲ βασιλείαν βασιλεύσων οὐκ ἐπιστάμενοι· φέροντες μὲν „δῶρα“, (ἃ) , ἵν᾿ οὕτως ὀνομάσω, συνθέτῳ τινὶ ἐκ θεοῦ καὶ ἀνθρώπου θνητοῦ „προσήνεγκαν“, σύμβολα μὲν ὡς βασιλεῖ τὸν „χρυσὸν“ ὡς δὲ τεθνηξομένῳ τὴν „σμύρναν“, ὡς δὲ θεῷ τὸν λιβανωτόν· „προσήνεγκαν“ δὲ μαθόντες τὸν τόπον τῆς γενέσεως αὐτοῦ. ἀλλ᾿ ἐπεὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ ὑπὲρ τοὺς βοηθοῦντας ἀνθρώποις ἀγγέλους ἐνυπάρχων σωτὴρ τοῦ γένους τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἄγγελος ἠμείψατο τὴν τῶν μάγων ἐπὶ τὸ προσκυνῆσαι τὸν Ἰησοῦν εὐσέβειαν, χρηματίσας αὐτοῖς μὴ ἥκειν πρὸς τὸν Ἡρώδην ἀλλ᾿ ἐπανελθεῖν ἄλλῃ ὁδῷ εἰς τὰ οἰκεῖα.