Against Celsus, Book I · §33 · Origen of Alexandria

A soul given a body beyond the ordinary

For suppose one soul, for certain hidden reasons, has come to deserve to be neither wholly in the body of a creature without reason nor purely in that of a rational being. It then puts on a misshapen body, so that reason cannot even reach its full growth in one born in that way, whose head is out of proportion to the rest of the body and far too small. Another soul takes on a body such that it becomes a little more rational than the first, and another more rational still, because the nature of the body works, to a greater or lesser degree, against the grasp of reason. If that is so, why should there not also be some soul that takes on a body wholly beyond the ordinary: a body that has something in common with human beings, so that it can live among them, but also something set apart, so that the soul can remain without any taste of evil?

And if the teaching of the physiognomists holds good, whether that of Zopyrus or Loxus or Polemon or of anyone else who has written such things and claimed to know something wonderful, that every body is suited to the character of its soul, then the soul that was to come into human life in an extraordinary way and do great things there had to have a body born, not as Celsus thinks, of Panthera, an adulterer, and a virgin seduced into adultery. For from impure unions like that there should rather have come some senseless teacher, harmful to humankind, teaching licentiousness and injustice and the other vices, not self-control and justice and the other virtues.

Greek

Εἰ γὰρ ἥδε μὲν ἡ ψυχὴ, κατά τινας ἀποῤῥήτους λόγους ἀξία γενομένη μὴ πάντῃ μὲν ἐν ἀλόγου γενέσθαι σώματι οὐ μὴν καὶ καθαρῶς ἐν λογικοῦ, ἐνδύεται σῶμα τερατῶδες, ὡς μηδὲ τὸν λόγον συμπληρωθῆναι δύνασθαι τῷ οὑτωσὶ γεγενημένῳ καὶ ἀσύμμετρον ἔχοντι τὴν κεφαλὴν τῷ λοιπῷ σώματι καὶ πάνυ βραχυτέραν, ἑτέρα δὲ τοιόνδε σῶμα ἀναλαμβάνει, ὡς ὀλίγῳ ἐκείνου γενέσθαι λογικωτέρα, καὶ ἄλλη ἔτι μᾶλλον, τῆς φύσεως τοῦ σώματος ἐπὶ πλεῖον ἢ ἐπ᾿ ἔλαττον ἀντιπραττούσης τῇ τοῦ λόγου ἀντιλήψει· διὰ τί οὐχὶ καὶ ψυχή τις ἔσται πάντῃ παράδοξον ἀναλαμβάνουσα σῶμα, ἔχον μέν τι κοινὸν πρὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, ἵνα καὶ συνδιατρῖψαι αὐτοῖς δυνηθῇ, ἔχον δέ τι καὶ ἐξαίρετον, ἵνα τῆς κακίας ἄγευστος ἡ ψυχὴ διαμεῖναι δυνηθῇ; ἐὰν δὲ καὶ τὰ τῶν φυσιογνωμονούντων κρατῇ. εἴτε Ζωπύρου εἴτε Λόξου εἴτε Πολέμωνος εἴτε οὕτινός ποτ᾿ οὖν τοιαῦτα γράψαντος καὶ ἐπαγγειλαμένου εἰδέναι τι θαυμαστὸν, οἰκεῖα τοῖς ἤθεσι τῶν ψυχῶν πάντ᾿ εἶναι τὰ σώματα, τῇ οὖν μελλούσῃ παραδόξως ἐπιδημεῖν τῷ βίῳ καὶ μεγαλοποιεῖν ἔδει γενέσθαι σῶμα (οὐχ) ὡς οἴεται Κέλσος, ἀπὸ Πανθήρα μοιχεύσαντος καὶ παρθένου μοιχευ θείσης (ἐκ γὰρ τοιούτων ἀνάγνων μίξεων ἔδει μᾶλλον ἀνόητόν τινα καὶ ἐπιβλαβῆ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις διδάσκαλον ἀκολασίας καὶ ἀδικίας καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν κακῶν γενέσθαι οὐχὶ δὲ σωφροσύνης καὶ δικαιοσύνης καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν ἀρετῶν).

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About this text

Origen answers Celsus’s opening charges: that Christians meet in secret against the law, that their teaching is barbarian and borrowed, and that they ask for faith without reasons. He then answers the Jew whom Celsus sets against Jesus, meeting the slander about Jesus’ birth and the charge of magic with the prophecies of the virgin, of Bethlehem and of the suffering Servant, and with the lives Jesus changed.

Base text: Paul Koetschau's edition, GCS 2–3 (Leipzig, 1899), read in the Perseus Digital Library digital text. The English is translated from that Greek, chapter by chapter, and each chapter was then checked clause by clause against the Greek. Koetschau's supplements are followed.

Printed text used

Translated from Koetschau GCS 2 – 3 (1899) — Greek, Perseus digital text (Greek · Book I, chapters 1 – 71)

We have not yet re-checked this work against its source. We made this study translation with AI help. No scholar has yet certified it as faithful and complete. Open Greek on any section to see the source text. It is not a critical edition.

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