Against Celsus, Book I · §22 · Origen of Alexandria

Circumcision and the name of Abraham

After this Celsus, without finding fault with the Jewish practice of circumcising the private parts, says that it "came from the Egyptians". In this he believes the Egyptians rather than Moses, who says that Abraham was the first among men to be circumcised (Genesis 17:24). Nor is Moses the only one to record the name of Abraham and to claim him as close to God. Many of those who charm demons with incantations also use the words "the God of Abraham" (Exodus 3:6) in their formulas. They achieve their effects through the name and through God's intimacy with that righteous man, and that is why they take up the phrase "the God of Abraham". Yet they do not know who Abraham is. The same must be said of Isaac, of Jacob and of Israel. These names, which everyone admits are Hebrew, are scattered in many places through Egyptian lore that claims to work some power.

As for the meaning of circumcision, which began with Abraham and was stopped by Jesus, who did not wish his disciples to do the same, it is not our purpose to explain it now. The present occasion is not for teaching about these matters but for a contest, to demolish the charges that Celsus brings against the doctrine of the Jews. He thinks he will more quickly prove Christianity false if, since its origin lies in the Jewish writings, he can by his accusations show that doctrine also to be false.

Greek

Μετὰ ταῦτα τὸ περιτέμνεσθαι τὰ αἰδοῖα μὴ διαβαλὼν ὁ Κέλσος ὑπὸ Ἰουδαίων γινόμενον, φησὶν ἀπὸ Αἰγυπτίων αὐτὸ ἐληλυθέναι, Αἰγυπτίοις μᾶλλον ἢ Μωϋσεῖ πιστεύσας, λέγοντι πρῶτον ἐν ἀνθρώποις περιτετμῆσθαι τὸν Ἀβραάμ. τοῦ δ᾿ Ἀβραὰμ τὸ ὄνομα οὐ Μωυσῆς ἀναγράφει μόνος οἰκειῶν αὐτὸν θεῷ, ἀλλὰ γὰρ καὶ πολλοὶ τῶν ἐπᾳδόντων δαίμονας χρῶνται ἐν τοῖς λόγοις αὐτῶν τῷ „ὁ θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ,“ ποιοῦντες μὲν διὰ τὸ ὄνομα καὶ τὴν πρὸς τὸν δίκαιον τοῦ θεοῦ οἰκειότητα, διὸ παραλαμβάνουσι τὴν „ (ὁ) θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ“ λέξιν. οὐκ ἐπιστάμενοι δὲ, τίς ἐστιν ὁ Ἀβραάμ. τὰ δ᾿ αὐτὰ λεκτέον καὶ περὶ τοῦ Ἰσαὰκ καὶ περὶ τοῦ Ἰακὼβ καὶ περὶ τοῦ Ἰσραήλ· ἅτινα ὁμολογουμένως Ἑβραῖα ὄντα ὀνόματα πολλαχοῦ τοῖς Αἰγυπτίοις ἐπαγγελλομένοις ἐνέργειάν τινα ἐνέσπαρται μαθήμασι. τὸν δὲ λόγον τῆς περιτομῆς, ἀρξάμενον ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ καὶ κωλυόμενον ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, μὴ βουλομένου τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ μαθητὰς τὸ αὐτὸ ποιεῖν. οὐ πρόκειται νῦν ἑρμηνεύειν. οὐ γὰρ τῆς περὶ τούτων διδασκαλίας ὁ παρὼν καιρὸς ἀλλ᾿ ἀγῶνος καθαιροῦντος τὰ φερόμενα ὑπὸ Κέλσου κατὰ τοῦ Ἰουδαίων λόγου ἐγκλήματα, οἰομένου τάχιον ψευδοποιήσειν τὸν χριστιανισμὸν, ἐὰν τῆς ἀρχῆς αὐτοῦ ἐν τοῖς Ἰουδαϊκοῖς οὔσης λόγοις κατηγορῶν παραστήσῃ κἀκεῖνον ψευδῆ.

Report a mistake in this passage

About this text

Origen answers Celsus’s opening charges: that Christians meet in secret against the law, that their teaching is barbarian and borrowed, and that they ask for faith without reasons. He then answers the Jew whom Celsus sets against Jesus, meeting the slander about Jesus’ birth and the charge of magic with the prophecies of the virgin, of Bethlehem and of the suffering Servant, and with the lives Jesus changed.

Base text: Paul Koetschau's edition, GCS 2–3 (Leipzig, 1899), read in the Perseus Digital Library digital text. The English is translated from that Greek, chapter by chapter, and each chapter was then checked clause by clause against the Greek. Koetschau's supplements are followed.

Printed text used

Translated from Koetschau GCS 2 – 3 (1899) — Greek, Perseus digital text (Greek · Book I, chapters 1 – 71)

We have not yet re-checked this work against its source. We made this study translation with AI help. No scholar has yet certified it as faithful and complete. Open Greek on any section to see the source text. It is not a critical edition.

Report a mistake